Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization

TitlePoly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2023
AuthorsNair, P, Navale, GR, Dharne, MS
JournalBiomass Conversion and Biorefinery
Issue6
Date PublishedAPR
Type of ArticleReview
ISSN2190-6815
KeywordsCommercialization, Multi-nutritious, Poly-gamma-glutamic acid, Waste valorization
Abstract

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The gamma-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of gamma-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for gamma-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of gamma-PGA are also summarized.

DOI10.1007/s13399-021-01467-0, Early Access Date = APR 2021
Type of Journal (Indian or Foreign)

Foreign

Impact Factor (IF)

4

Divison category: 
National Collection of Industrial Micr-organisms (NCIM)
Database: 
Web of Science (WoS)

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