Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization
Title | Poly-gamma-glutamic acid biopolymer: a sleeping giant with diverse applications and unique opportunities for commercialization |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2023 |
Authors | Nair, P, Navale, GR, Dharne, MS |
Journal | Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery |
Issue | 6 |
Date Published | APR |
Type of Article | Review |
ISSN | 2190-6815 |
Keywords | Commercialization, Multi-nutritious, Poly-gamma-glutamic acid, Waste valorization |
Abstract | Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a biodegradable, non-toxic, ecofriendly, and non-immunogenic biopolymer. Its phenomenal properties have gained immense attention in the field of regenerative medicine, the food industry, wastewater treatment, and even in 3D printing bio-ink. The gamma-PGA has the potential to replace synthetic non-degradable counterparts, but the main obstacle is the high production cost and lower productivity. Extensive research has been carried out to reduce the production cost by using different waste; however, it is unable to match the commercialization needs. This review focuses on the biosynthetic mechanism of gamma-PGA, its production using the synthetic medium as well as different wastes by L-glutamic acid-dependent and independent microbial strains. Furthermore, various metabolic engineering strategies and the recovery processes for gamma-PGA and their possible applications are discussed. Finally, highlights on the challenges and unique approaches to reduce the production cost and to increase the productivity for commercialization of gamma-PGA are also summarized. |
DOI | 10.1007/s13399-021-01467-0, Early Access Date = APR 2021 |
Type of Journal (Indian or Foreign) | Foreign |
Impact Factor (IF) | 4 |
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