Nickel-catalyzed straightforward and regioselective C-H alkenylation of indoles with alkenyl bromides: scope and mechanistic aspect
Title | Nickel-catalyzed straightforward and regioselective C-H alkenylation of indoles with alkenyl bromides: scope and mechanistic aspect |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Authors | Jagtap, RA, Vinod, CP, Punji, B |
Journal | ACS Catalysis |
Volume | 9 |
Issue | 1 |
Pagination | 431-441 |
Date Published | JAN |
Type of Article | Article |
ISSN | 2155-5435 |
Keywords | alkenylation, C-H activation, indoles, Mechanism, Nickel, single-electron transfer |
Abstract | Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond alkenylation of indoles and related heteroarenes with alkenyl bromides is accomplished under relatively mild conditions. This method allows the straightforward synthesis of C-2 alkenylated indoles employing an air-stable and well-defined nickel catalyst, (bpy)NiBr2, providing a solution to the limitations associated with hydroindolation and oxidative alkenylation. The reaction conceded the coupling of indole derivatives with various alkenyl bromides, such as aromatic and heteroaromatics, alpha- and beta-substituted as well as exo- and endo-cyclic alkenyl compounds. An extensive mechanistic investigation, including controlled study, reactivity experiments, kinetics and labeling studies, and EPR and XPS analyses, highlights that the alkenylation proceeds through a single-electron transfer process comprising an odd-electron oxidative addition of alkenyl bromide. Furthermore, the alkenylation operates via a probable Ni(I)/Ni(III) pathway involving the rate-limiting C-H nickelation of indole. |
DOI | 10.1021/acscatal.8b04267 |
Type of Journal (Indian or Foreign) | Foreign |
Impact Factor (IF) | 11.384 |
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