Silk fibroin and ceramic scaffolds: comparative in vitro studies for bone regeneration

TitleSilk fibroin and ceramic scaffolds: comparative in vitro studies for bone regeneration
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2021
AuthorsDeshpande, R, Shukla, S, Sayyad, R, Salunke, S, Nisal, A, Venugopalan, P
JournalBioengineering & Translational Medicine
Paginatione10221
Date PublishedAPR
Type of ArticleArticle; Early Access
Keywordsbeta tricalcium phosphate, bone regeneration, bone void filler, calcium sulphate, hMSCs, hydroxyapatite, osteoblasts, scaffold, Silk fibroin
Abstract

Synthetic bone void fillers based on calcium ceramics are used to fill cavities in the bone and promote bone regeneration. More recently, silk fibroin (SF), a protein polymer obtained from Bombyx mori silkworm, has emerged as a promising material in bone void filling. In this work, we have compared the safety and efficacy of two types of silk fibroin-based bone void fillers with currently used and commercially available ceramic bone void fillers (based on calcium sulphate, beta tricalcium phosphate, and beta tricalcium phosphate with hydroxyapatite). Further, we have also evaluated these two types of SF scaffolds, which have strikingly different structural attributes. The biocompatibility of these scaffolds was comparable as assessed by cytotoxicity assay, cellular adhesion assay, and immunogenic assay. Ability of the scaffolds to support differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into an osteoblastic lineage was also evaluated in an in vitro differentiation experiment using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. These results revealed that cells cultured on SF scaffolds exhibit higher expression of early to late markers such as Runx2, BMPs, collagen, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin as compared with ceramic-based scaffolds. This observation was further validated by studying the expression of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition. We also show that scaffolds made from same material of SF, but characterized by very different pore architectures, have diverse outcome in stem cell differentiation.

DOI10.1002/btm2.10221, Early Access Date = APR 2021
Type of Journal (Indian or Foreign)

Foreign

Impact Factor (IF)

6.091

Divison category: 
Polymer Science & Engineering

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