<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kondawar, S. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mane, R. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vasishta, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">More, S. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhengale, S. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rode, C. V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate over supported Zn catalysts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Petrochemical Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Acid–base ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycerol carbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Glycerol-urea carbonylation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reaction pathway</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Supported Zn</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zn loading</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APR</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Glycerol carbonylation with urea is a very feasible option to produce glycerol carbonate with a net result of CO2 fixation through urea synthesis. The prerequisite of an efficient catalyst for this reaction is to possess both acid and basic sites together. Several acidic supports were screened for ZnO catalyst in this work and Zn/MCM-41 was found to exhibit the best activity and almost complete selectivity to glycerol carbonate (GC). Although, non-catalytic glycerol carbonylation resulted in GC formation but glycerol conversion achieved was twice with Zn/MCM-41 as a catalyst. Further to that increase in Zn loading from 2 to 5% resulted in increase in glycerol conversion from 63 to 82%. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH3 and CO2-TPD and effects of reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, glycerol to urea mole ratio and temperature on glycerol conversion and GC selectivity in batch mode of operation were also studied. Time on stream activity of 5% Zn/MCM-41 catalyst for continuous carbonylation of glycerol was also studied for ~100 h with an average conversion of ~55% and complete selectivity to GC. This indicated five times lower productivity of GC per h due to lower residence time than that in a batch operation as compared to that of a continuous operation. Activation energy estimated from the Arrhenius plot was found to be 39.82 kJ mol−1 suggesting that the reaction is kinetically controlled. A reaction pathway mediated by acid and basic sites of the Zn/MCM-41 catalyst is also proposed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0.431</style></custom4><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41-53</style></section></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhotre, Kapil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patil, Chetana Rupak</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tarade, Komal P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Markandeya, Nishant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pathak, Abhishek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhongale, Sunil S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamble, Sanjay P.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficient continuous catalytic process for production of bisphenol A</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Organic Process Research &amp; Development</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bisphenolA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BPA purification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Continuous process</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E-factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ion-exchange resins (IER)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PMI</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">process optimization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reactionkinetics</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">OCT</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2530-2543</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Bisphenol A (BPA) is a versatile chemical compound that is essential for producing durable polycarbonate plastics and strong epoxy resins, which are integral to numerous everyday products. In the present study, BPA was prepared using phenol and acetone using a highly active and reusable ion-exchange resin (IER) Lewatit K1131S as the catalyst. Under optimized conditions, an acetone conversion of 84% and a BPA selectivity of 94% were achieved. The produced BPA was further purified, resulting in a 96% isolated yield with 99.5% purity. The reusability of Lewatit K1131S has been studied, and it was found that it can be reused multiple times without affecting the selectivity for BPA. The kinetics of the reaction was studied using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model; it was found that the reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the apparent activation energy was determined to be 12.7 kJ/mol. A continuous pilot scale process for the production of BPA using a fixed-bed reactor (packed with ion-exchange resin) has been developed. Pilot plant trials were conducted at different flow rates such as 200, 300, and 500 g/h, and a downstream processing methodology using an agitated thin film evaporator (ATFE) was employed for the BPA purification. This resulted in high throughput, producing 99.2% isolated BPA yield with 99.5% HPLC purity. Additionally, the robustness and viability of the catalyst were assessed at a flow rate of 200 g/h, producing 22.5 kg of BPA per kg of catalyst, highlighting its cost-effectiveness, stability, and resistance to deactivation, which shows its suitability for industrial-scale applications. The environmental viability of the process was further evaluated by using the E-factor and Process Mass Intensity (PMI) metrics. The estimated E-factor was 0.3118, while the corresponding PMI was 1.3935. These lower values indicate reduced waste generation, improved material efficiency, and enhanced sustainability of the process.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	3.6&lt;/p&gt;
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