<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Asheesh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sakpal, Tushar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Sudip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Rajnish</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methane hydrate formation in a test sediment of sand and clay at various levels of water saturation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canadian Journal of Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clay</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">formation kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methane hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silica sand</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water saturation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUG</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8, 1, SI</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">93</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">874-881</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Kinetics of methane hydrate formation with different ratios of silica sand and clay and different water saturations were studied. At suitable temperature and methane gas pressure, water in the void spaces of silica sand packing and intercalated area of clay were converted into hydrate. It was observed that the rate of hydrate formation increases with higher void space in the packing, and addition of clay in test sediment decreases water to hydrate conversion as well as rate of hydrate formation. Maximum water to hydrate conversion of 60.0% was achieved in pure silica sand bed at 75% water saturation. Presence of fine clay particles is expected to reduce the void spaces and thus may hinder effective mass transfer of hydrate forming gases in the bed. However, it is also possible that the bentonite clay used in this work may actually inhibit hydrate growth. Additional experiments in stirred tank reactor were carried out to understand the inhibiting effect of bentonite clay for hydrate formation.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1.003</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>47</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arora, Amit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cameotra, Swaranjit Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Rajnish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Anil Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Pushpendra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balomajumder, Chandrajit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laik, Sukumar</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, S</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khanal, SK</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yadav, YK</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Role of Rhamnolipid: A biosurfactant in methane gas hydrate formation kinetics</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Proceedings of The First International Conference on Recent Advances in Bioenergy Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Induction time</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methane hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Potential energy resource</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rhamnolipid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sardar Swaran Singh Natl Inst Bio-Energy</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7th Floor, Vijaya Building, 17, Barakhamba Rd, New Delhi, 110 001, India</style></pub-location><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">978-81-322-2773-1; 978-81-322-2771-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Naturally occurring methane gas hydrate is a vast source of methane gas which is trapped in crystalline ice-like structure present in permafrost regions and under the sea in outer continental margins. It is purposed that total amount of carbon in the form of methane hydrates is almost twice the carbon content in all the fossil fuel reserves put together, and hence these are supposed to be the future potential energy resource. This paper investigates the laboratory investigations on effect of a biosurfactant rhamnolipid on methane hydrate formation kinetics. Rhamnolipid was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A11. The presence of P. aeruginosa has been reported in Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate samples. Biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 72 to 36 mN/m with CMC of 70 mg/L. The biosurfactant dose is studied at two different concentrations in the solution at 100 and 1000 ppm. Kinetic of hydrate formation and growth is compared at 0, 100, and 1000 ppm of rhamnolipid showing that rhamnolipid acts as a hydrate promoter at these concentrations. Thus, small dosages of rhamnolipids produced by P. aeruginosa strain A11 must clearly affect the gas hydrate formation kinetics in natural sites (as in Gulf of Mexico).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Indian&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaurav Bhattacharjee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vivek Barmecha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nilesh Choudhary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nawal K. Pande</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parivesh Chugh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajnish Kumar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methane hydrate dissociation in the presence of novel benign additives</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Procedia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Depressurization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dissociation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Energy Ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LHDP</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methane hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thermal Efficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">thermal stimulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610219305648</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">158</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5856 - 5865</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The apparent drawbacks of the classical approaches towards dissociation of natural gas hydrates have resulted in a paradigm shift into the development of new hybrid hydrate dissociation practices combining the various basic hydrate dissociation techniques. Another approach that can be followed to maximize the efficiency of gas production from natural gas hydrate reserves is the identification of benign additives which when used even in sparingly small concentrations may enhance the kinetics of hydrate dissociation. In the present work, a class of such additives, never reported before, have been unveiled and christened as Low Dosage Hydrate Dissociation Promoters (LHDPs). The additives were first short listed from a wide potential pool using a lab scale ( 250 ml) stirred tank reactor setup and then further studied using a bench scale ( 2.35 l) reactor setup where they were injected in the form of a water-additive stream to dissociate hydrates. The dissociation approach followed in the case of the bench scale reactor experiments was a combination of the thermal stimulation and depressurization processes along with the element of injection of additives. For both sets of experiments (lab and bench scale), the newly identified LHDPs were found to enhance the kinetics of methane hydrate dissociation as compared to pure water. It was observed that concentration of additive and its flow rate also affect the kinetics of methane hydrate dissociation. An energy and efficiency analysis for the hydrate dissociation method in the case of bench scale rector revealed that additive presence enhanced the energy ratio and thermal efficiency four fold as compared to pure water.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhattacharjee, Gaurav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choudhary, Nilesh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barmecha, Vivek</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kushwaha, Omkar S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pande, Nawal K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chugh, Parivesh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Sudip</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Rajnish</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methane recovery from marine gas hydrates: a bench scale study in presence of low dosage benign additives</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Energy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bench scale</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kinetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marine hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methane hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methane recovery</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Natural gas hydrate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Process</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NOV </style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113566</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;De-pressurization is one approach which has been found to be economically feasible for methane recovery from marine hydrates. Hydrate dissociation being an endothermic process suggests that de-pressurization alone would not be sufficient and some additional stimulation would be required for sustained production from one such reservoir. Thermal stimulation may overcome the challenge posed by the endothermic dissociation process; however, economically it may not be ideal. A possible way out is to use thermal stimulation, but at relatively low temperatures as compared to conventional practice. This would be economical and can be accomplished in the presence of small doses of additives mixed in with the water stream used for thermal stimulation. In the present study, a number of benign additives were identified which when used in low concentrations enhance the kinetics of methane hydrate dissociation compared to pure water. Additives were first shortlisted from a wide potential pool using quantum mechanical calculations. These additives were later tested for their efficacy in stirred tank reactor to quickly identify the best additives for the job and few selected additives were then studied in a larger bench scale setup (fixed bed configuration) where they were injected in the form of an additive-water stream to dissociate already formed hydrates. Factors such as toxicity of the additive, fluidity of additive-water stream, foam formation on mixing of additive with water, etc. were also taken into account. An energy and efficiency analysis revealed that reported additives enhance the energy ratio and thermal efficiency of the process as compared to pure water stimulation.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article; Proceedings Paper</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;7.900&lt;/p&gt;
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