<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panicker, A. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandithurai, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Safai, P. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kewat, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Observations of enhanced aerosol longwave radiative forcing over an urban environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geophysical Research Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">L04817</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Collocated measurements of sun/ sky radiance, aerosol chemical composition and radiative fluxes have been utilized to estimate longwave aerosol radiative forcing over Pune, an Indian urban site during dry winter [Dec2004 to Feb2005] by two methods. Hybrid method which uses observed downwelling and modeled upwelling longwave fluxes for different aerosol loadings yielded a surface forcing of 9.4 Wm(-2). Model approach includes utilization of skyradiometer derived spectral aerosol optical properties in the visible and near infra-red wavelengths, modeled aerosol properties in 1.2-40 mu m using observed soot and chemical composition data, MODIS water vapor and TOMS column ozone in a radiative transfer model. Estimates from model method showed longwave enhancement of 6.5 and 8.2Wm(-2) at the surface with tropical model atmosphere and temporally varying profiles of temperature and humidity, respectively. Study reveals that about 25% of the aerosol shortwave cooling is being compensated by increase in longwave radiation due to aerosol absorption.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3.505</style></custom4></record></records></xml>