<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamble, Paresh A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vinod, C. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rathod, Virendra K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kantam, Mannepalli Lakshmi</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone over nickel supported organoclay catalyst</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalysis Today</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">?-Valerolactone (GVL)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bentonite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogenation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Levulinic acid (LA)</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nickel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">organoclay</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JAN </style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">408</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36-49</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	In this work, a series of Ni/Organoclay catalysts with different Nickel loadings were prepared by the wetimpregnation method for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL). Reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, solvent effect, and wt% of catalyst were optimized to get excellent conversion of levulinic acid selectively to gamma-valerolactone. Ni/Organoclay with 30% Nickel loading exhibited 100% conversion of LA with 100% selectivity towards GVL at 140 degrees C and 3.0 MPa H2 pressure using 1,4-dioxane as a solvent in 5 h. Different bulk and surface characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XPS, XRF, NH3-TPD, and H2-Chemisorption were used to characterize the Ni/Organoclay catalyst. BET and NH3-TPD analysis showed that the pre-treatment of bentonite with surfactant (CTAB) improved the pore volume, surface area, and acidity of Organoclay which assisted in improving the conversion and selectivity of LA and GVL respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
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	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
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	6.562&lt;/p&gt;
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