<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kotwal, M. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niphadkar, P. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deshpande, Suvarna S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bokade, Vijay V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joshi, P. N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transesterification of sunflower oil catalyzed by flyash-based solid catalysts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fuel</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Flyash</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneous catalyst</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Methyl ester</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sunflower oil</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transesterification</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEP</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCI LTD</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">88</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1773-1778</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Flyash-based base catalyst was used in the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol to methyl esters in a heterogeneous manner. Catalyst preparation variables such as, the KNO(3) loading amount and calcination temperature were optimized. The catalysts were characterized by powder XRD. The catalyst prepared by loading of 5 wt.% KNO(3) on flyash followed by its calcination at 773 K has exhibited maximum oil conversion (87.5 wt.%). The influence of various reaction parameters such as % catalyst loading, methanol to oil molar ratio, reaction time, temperature, reusability of the catalyst on the catalytic activity was investigated. K(2)O derived from KNO(3) might be an essential component in the catalyst for its efficiency. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3.602</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nandiwale, Kakasaheb Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gopal, Gahana C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bokade, Vijay V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phosphonated USY, a promising catalyst for the development of environmentally benign biodiesel (methyl acetate) process</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Energy Chemistry</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biodiesel</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methyl acetate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosphonated USY</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">transesterification</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAY</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">24</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">285-290</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The present study focuses on the evaluation of the potential applicability of Ultra Stable Y (USY) and phosphonated USY (1 wt%-4 wt% phosphorous loading) as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel (methyl acetate) production. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, total acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD-NH3) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. The performances of catalysts were evaluated for the transesterification of butyl acetate with methanol (a model reaction in biodiesel production). In view to obtain a maximum yield of methyl acetate, the optimization of process parameters such as reactant molar ratio, catalyst loading, reaction temperature and reaction time was performed. All the phosphonated USY catalysts showed higher catalytic activity than the parent USY, which can be attributed to the increase of total acidity due to phosphonation. 2 wt% P/USY (2% phosphorous loaded on USY) exhibited 92% methyl acetate yield with 100% selectivity, which was proved to be a potential catalyst for biodiesel production. The invented catalyst was found to be stable and reusable for five catalytic cycles, demonstrating that it might be a environmentally benign catalytic process.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2.322</style></custom4></record></records></xml>