<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Velu, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suzuki, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vijayaraj, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barman, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In situ XPS investigations of Cu1-xNixZnAl-mixed metal oxide catalysts used in the oxidative steam reforming of bio-ethanol</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Catalysis B - Environmental</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">auger electron spectroscopy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Autothermal reforming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bio-ethanol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">copper oxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">fuel cell</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrogen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrotalcite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mixed metal oxides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nickel oxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oxidative steam reforming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steam reforming</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">XPS</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">55</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">287-299</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A series of CuNiZnAl-multicomponent mixed metal oxide catalysts with various Cu/Ni ratios were prepared by the thermal decomposition of Cu1-xNixZnAl-hydrotalcite-like precursors and tested for oxidative steam reforming of bio-ethanol. Dehydrogenation of EtOH to CH3CHO is favored by Cu-rich catalyst. Introduction of Ni leads to C-C bond rupture and producing CO, CO2 and CH4. H-2 yield (selectivity) varied between 2.6-3.0 mol/mol of ethanol converted (50-55%) for all catalysts at 300 degreesC. The above catalysts were subjected to in situ XPS studies to understand the nature of active species involved in the catalytic reaction. Core level and valence band XPS as well as Auger electron spectroscopy revealed the existence of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ ions on calcined materials. Upon in situ reduction at reactions temperatures, the Cu2+ was fully reduced to Cu-0. while Ni2+ and Zn2+ were partially reduced to Ni-0 and Zn-0, respectively. On reduction, the nature of ZnO on Cu-rich catalyst changes from crystalline to amorphous, relatively inert and highly stabilized electronically. Relative concentration of the Ni-0 and Zn-0 increases upon reduction with decreasing Cu-content. Valence band results demonstrated that the overlap between 3d bands of Cu and Ni was marginal on calcined materials, and no overlap due to metallic clusters formation after reduction. Nonetheless, the density of states at Fermi level increases dramatically for Ni-rich catalysts and likely this influences the product selectivity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8.328</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Burange, Anand S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gopinath, Chinnakonda S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalytic applications of hydrotalcite and related materials in multi -component reactions: concepts, challenges and future scope</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">green chemistry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">green synthesis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterocycles</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">heterogeneous catalysis</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">hydrotalcite</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Metal Oxide</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2021</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEP</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100458</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hydrotalcites (HTs) are the potential substitute to conventional base catalysts. HTs are useful in efficient syntheses of various heterocycles, such as chromenes, pyrans, pyrazoles, triazoles, using multi-component reactions. This review focuses on the chemistry of HTs and particularly hydrotalcites and related materials in the synthesis of heterocycles. The effects of preparation method and, physico-chemical parameters, such as calcination, molar ratio of metals, role of intercalated ions, surface area, on the catalytic activities are discussed. Along with technical aspects, this review also unlocks various untouched areas in developing sustainable catalyst for syntheses of heterocycles, drugs, etc. for the future.</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4.508</style></custom4></record></records></xml>