<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asokan, Mangaiarkarasi S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joan, Roshni Florina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Babji, Sudhir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dayma, Girish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nadukkandy, Prajitha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Subrahmanyam, Vinutha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pandey, Archana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malagi, Girish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arya, Pooja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mahajan, Vibhuti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhavikatti, Jayateerth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pawar, Ketakee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thorat, Aishwarya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shah, Priyanki</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goud, Ramakrishna B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Bishnudeo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajukutty, Shon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immanuel, Sushil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agarwal,Dhiraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saha, Sankhanil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shivaraj, Akshatha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panikulam, Patricia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shome, Rajeshwari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulzar, Shah-E-Jahan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sharma, Anusmrithi U.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naik, Ajinkya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talashi, Shruti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belekar, Madhuri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yadav, Ritu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Khude, Poornima</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">V, Mamatha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shivalingaiah, Sudarshan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deshmukh, Urmila</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhise, Chinmayee</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joshi, Manjiri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chandrasingh, Sindhulina</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghose, Aurnab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jamora, Colin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Karumbati, Anandi S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sundaramurthy, Varadharajan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johnson, Avita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ramesh, Naveen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chetan, Nirutha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parthiban, Chaitra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ahmed, Asma</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rakshit, Srabanti</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adiga, Vasista</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">D'souza, George</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rale, Vinay</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Carolin Elizabeth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">John, Jacob</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kawade, Anand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chaturvedi, Akanksha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raghunathan, Anu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dias, Mary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhosale, Anand</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raghu, Padinjat</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shashidhara, L. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">yakarnam, Annapurna V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bal, Vineeta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kang, Gagandeep</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mayor, Satyajit</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BBV152 (COVAXIN®) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (COVISHIELD™) in seronegative and seropositive individuals in India: a multicentre, nonrandomised observational study</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAR</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.2rem 0px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Fira Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Droid Sans&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;
	&lt;strong class=&quot;sub-title&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Background:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;There are limited global data on head-to-head comparisons of vaccine platforms assessing both humoral and cellular immune responses, stratified by pre-vaccination serostatus. The COVID-19 vaccination drive for the Indian population in the age group 18-45 years began in April 2021 when seropositivity rates in the general population were rising due to the delta wave of COVID-19 pandemic during April-May 2021.&lt;/p&gt;
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	&lt;strong class=&quot;sub-title&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Methods:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;Between June 30, 2021, and Jan 28, 2022, we enrolled 691 participants in the age group 18-45 years across four clinical sites in India. In this non-randomised and laboratory blinded study, participants received either two doses of Covaxin® (4 weeks apart) or two doses of Covishield™ (12 weeks apart) as per the national vaccination policy. The primary outcome was the seroconversion rate and the geometric mean titre (GMT) of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins post two doses. The secondary outcome was the frequency of cellular immune responses pre- and post-vaccination.&lt;/p&gt;
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	&lt;strong class=&quot;sub-title&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit;&quot;&gt;Findings:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;When compared to pre-vaccination baseline, both vaccines elicited statistically significant seroconversion and binding antibody levels in both seronegative and seropositive individuals. In the per-protocol cohort, Covishield™ elicited higher antibody responses than Covaxin® as measured by seroconversion rate (98.3% vs 74.4%, p &amp;lt; 0.0001 in seronegative individuals; 91.7% vs 66.9%, p &amp;lt; 0.0001 in seropositive individuals) as well as by anti-spike antibody levels against the ancestral strain (GMT 1272.1 vs 75.4 binding antibody units/ml [BAU/ml], p &amp;lt; 0.0001 in seronegative individuals; 2089.07 vs 585.7 BAU/ml, p &amp;lt; 0.0001 in seropositive individuals). As participants at all clinical sites were not recruited at the same time, site-specific immunogenicity was impacted by the timing of vaccination relative to the delta and omicron waves. Surrogate neutralising antibody responses against variants-of-concern including delta and omicron was higher in Covishield™ recipients than in Covaxin® recipients; and in seropositive than in seronegative individuals after both vaccination and asymptomatic infection (omicron variant). T cell responses are reported from only one of the four site cohorts where the vaccination schedule preceded the omicron wave. In seronegative individuals, Covishield™ elicited both CD4+ and CD8+ spike-specific cytokine-producing T cells whereas Covaxin® elicited mainly CD4+ spike-specific T cells. Neither vaccine showed significant post-vaccination expansion of spike-specific T cells in seropositive individuals.&lt;/p&gt;
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