<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iyengar, Bharat R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choudhary, Ashwani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sarangdhar, Mayuresh A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Venkatesh, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadgil, Chetan J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pillai, Beena</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Non-coding RNA interact to regulate neuronal development and function</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gene expression regulation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">lncRNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miRNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">network-motifs</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">piRNA</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 110, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">47</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The human brain is one of the most complex biological systems, and the cognitive abilities have greatly expanded compared to invertebrates without much expansion in the number of protein coding genes. This suggests that gene regulation plays a very important role in the development and function of nervous system, by acting at multiple levels such as transcription and translation. In this article we discuss the regulatory roles of three classes of non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs)-microRNAs (miRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) and long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in the process of neurogenesis and nervous function including control of synaptic plasticity and potential roles in neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are involved in diverse processes including neurogenesis where they channelize the cellular physiology toward neuronal differentiation. miRNAs can also indirectly influence neurogenesis by regulating the proliferation and self renewal of neural stem cells and are dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are also known to regulate synaptic plasticity and are usually found to be co-expressed with their targets. The dynamics of gene regulation is thus dependent on the local architecture of the gene regulatory network (GRN) around the miRNA and its targets. piRNAs had been classically known to regulate transposons in the germ cells. However, piRNAs have been, recently, found to be expressed in the brain and possibly function by imparting epigenetic changes by DNA methylation. piRNAs are known to be maternally inherited and we assume that they may play a role in early development. We also explore the possible function of piRNAs in regulating the expansion of transposons in the brain. Brain is known to express several lncRNA but functional roles in brain development are attributed to a few lncRNA while functions of most of the them remain unknown. We review the roles of some known lncRNA and explore the other possible functions of lncRNAs including their interaction with miRNAs.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5.67
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nyayanit, Dimpal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadgil, Chetan J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematical modeling of combinatorial regulation suggests that apparent positive regulation of targets by miRNA could be an artifact resulting from competition for mRNA</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA-A Publication of the RNA Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">combinatorial binding</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mathematical model</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">miRNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">post-transcriptional regulation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAR</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">21</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">307-319</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;MicroRNAs bind to and regulate the abundance and activity of target messenger RNA through sequestration, enhanced degradation, and suppression of translation. Although miRNA have a predominantly negative effect on the target protein concentration, several reports have demonstrated a positive effect of miRNA, i.e., increase in target protein concentration on miRNA overexpression and decrease in target concentration on miRNA repression. miRNA-target pair-specific effects such as protection of mRNA degradation owing to miRNA binding can explain some of these effects. However, considering such pairs in isolation might be an oversimplification of the RNA biology, as it is known that one miRNA interacts with several targets, and conversely target mRNA are subject to regulation by several miRNAs. We formulate a mathematical model of this combinatorial regulation of targets by multiple miRNA. Through mathematical analysis and numerical simulations of this model, we show that miRNA that individually have a negative effect on their targets may exhibit an apparently positive net effect when the concentration of one miRNA is experimentally perturbed by repression/overexpression in such a multi-miRNA multitarget situation. We show that this apparent unexpected effect is due to competition and will not be observed when miRNA interact noncompetitively with the target mRNA. This result suggests that some of the observed unusual positive effects of miRNA may be due to the combinatorial complexity of the system rather than due to any inherently unusual positive effect of the miRNA on its target.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Council of Scientific &amp;amp; Industrial Research (CSIR) - India&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom2><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4.936</style></custom4></record></records></xml>