<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arora, Amit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cameotra, Swaranjit Singh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Rajnish</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balomajumder, Chandrajit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Singh, Anil Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Santhakumari, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, Pushpendra</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laik, Sukumar</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biosurfactant as a promoter of methane hydrate formation: thermodynamic and kinetic studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scientific Reports</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">20893</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are solid non-stoichiometric compounds often regarded as a next generation energy source. Successful commercialization of NGH is curtailed by lack of efficient and safe technology for generation, dissociation, storage and transportation. The present work studied the influence of environment compatible biosurfactant on gas hydrate formation. Biosurfactant was produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain A11 and was characterized as rhamnolipids. Purified rhamnolipids reduced the surface tension of water from 72 mN/m to 36 mN/m with Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) of 70 mg/l. Use of 1000 ppm rhamnolipids solution in C type silica gel bed system increased methane hydrate formation rate by 42.97% and reduced the induction time of hydrate formation by 22.63% as compared to water saturated C type silica gel. Presence of rhamnolipids also shifted methane hydrate formation temperature to higher values relative to the system without biosurfactant. Results from thermodynamic and kinetic studies suggest that rhamnolipids can be applied as environment friendly methane hydrate promoter.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5.228</style></custom4></record></records></xml>