<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raval, Komal M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ghormade, Vandana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rajamohanan, P. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Choudhary, Hansraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudramurthy, Shivaprakash M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chakrabarti, Arunaloke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paknikar, Kishore</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Development of a nano-gold immunodiagnostic assay for rapid on-site detection of invasive aspergillosis </style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Medical Microbiology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEP</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1341-1352</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Introduction. Timely &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;detection&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;invasive&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;aspergillosis&lt;/span&gt; (IA) caused &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;by&lt;/span&gt; fungal pathogens, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus, in immunocompromised patients is crucial in preventing &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;high&lt;/span&gt; mortality.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	Aim. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;To&lt;/span&gt; develop &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; simple immunoassay &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;detection&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; galactomannan (GM), &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; IA biomarker.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	Methodology. GM from &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;. fumigatus and &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;. flavus clinical strains was purified and characterized &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;by&lt;/span&gt; X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and C-13/H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; polyclonal antibody (pAb) production in rabbits. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;An&lt;/span&gt; enzyme-linked immunosorbent &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;assay&lt;/span&gt; (ELISA) was standardized using concanavalin &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; capture Aspergillus GM and pAbs &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; detect it. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized and conjugated &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; pAbs &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;development&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; dot-blot immunoassay. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; developed dot-blot was evaluated with 109 clinical serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	Results. Spectroscopy &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;studies&lt;/span&gt; characterized &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; D-galactofuranosyl groups &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; GM responsible &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; immune response and generation &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; pAbs. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; ELISA employing pAbs showed &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; sensitivity &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; 1 ng ml(-1) &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; Aspergillus GM. Furthermore, &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; sensitive, visual, &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;rapid&lt;/span&gt; dot-blot &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;assay&lt;/span&gt; developed &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;by&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; conjugation &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; pAbs &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; AuNPs (similar &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;to&lt;/span&gt; 24 +/- 5 nm size, -36 +/- 2 mV zeta potential) had &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;detection&lt;/span&gt; limit &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; 1 pg ml(-1) in serum. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; pAbs interacted with Aspergillus spp. but did not cross-react with other fungal pathogen genera such as Penicillium and Candida. Evaluation &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;the&lt;/span&gt; dot-blot with 109 clinical samples showed &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;high&lt;/span&gt; sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93.2 %), with &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;an&lt;/span&gt; overall &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;assay&lt;/span&gt; accuracy &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; 89%.&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
	Conclusion. &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt; developed &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;nano-gold&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;immunodiagnostic&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;assay&lt;/span&gt; has immense potential &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;for&lt;/span&gt; practical use in &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;rapid&lt;/span&gt;, specific and sensitive &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;on&lt;/span&gt;-&lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;site&lt;/span&gt; diagnosis &lt;span class=&quot;hitHilite&quot;&gt;of&lt;/span&gt; IA, even under resource-limited settings.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;LrzXr kno-fv&quot;&gt;2.112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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