<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Navale, Vishwambar Digambar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vamkudoth, Koteswara Rao</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Development of multiplex PCR assay for detection of mycotoxigenic Fusarium species contamination in stored maize grains, India</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Microbe</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAR</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100240</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;This investigation aimed to improve the detection of key mycotoxigenic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/fusarium&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;Fusarium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;species to address agricultural&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/biosecurity&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;biosecurity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and food safety threats in stored maize&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/cereal&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;grains&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;in India. We developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay for the selective detection of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/fusarium&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot; title=&quot;Learn more about Fusarium from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages&quot;&gt;Fusarium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;species producing&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/mycotoxin&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;mycotoxin&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/fumonisin&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;fumonisin&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(FB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;),&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/zearalenone&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;zearalenone&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(ZEA), and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/vomitoxin&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;deoxynivalenol&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(DON) using their biosynthetic pathway genes viz., FUM1, FUM13, PKS4, PKS13 and TRI13, TRI7, respectively. The mPCR assay demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) ranging from 1 × 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;and 1 × 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;spores/g maize grain in both naturally contaminated and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Fusarium&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;spores spiked samples, respectively. Maize grain samples were also evaluated for the assessment of mycotoxigenic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Fusarium&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;species contamination by mPCR which resulted in A total of 53 maize grain samples (75 %) positive for&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/mycotoxin&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;mycotoxin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;a class=&quot;topic-link&quot; href=&quot;https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/chemotype&quot; style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); word-break: break-word; text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-decoration-color: rgb(31, 31, 31); color: rgb(31, 31, 31); text-underline-offset: 1px;&quot;&gt;chemotypes&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;upon mPCR analysis. Among these, 40 sample tested positive for FB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;, 39 for ZEA and 25 for DON. The levels of contamination ranged from 4 to 6456 µg/kg for FB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: -0.25em; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;, 30–2192 µg/kg for ZEA and 5–1713 µg/kg for DON as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, the developed mPCR results exhibited a significant correlation (&amp;gt;95 %) with HPLC data confirming this assays reliability. This finding infers developed mPCR assay is an expeditious, cost-effective, sensitive and selective tool for detecting toxigenic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;Fusarium&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: ElsevierGulliver, Georgia, &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;, Times, STIXGeneral, &amp;quot;Cambria Math&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Microsoft Sans Serif&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Arial Unicode MS&amp;quot;, serif, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;species. This method can play a crucial role in assessing food safety and public health, particularly in regions where maize contamination by mycotoxins is a significant concern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Not Traced&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record></records></xml>