<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, C. D. Midhun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kanoth, Bipinbal Parambath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David, Deepthi Anna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sajadi, S. Mohammad</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dhanyasree, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badawi, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effect of oxalic acid and sulphuric acid hydrolysis on the preparation and properties of pineapple pomace derived cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">International Journal of Biological Macromolecules</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cellulose nanofibers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellulosic nanopapers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pineapple pomace</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JUN </style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">209</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1745-1759</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Nanocellulose is the ``green magnet'' which attracts a wide spectrum of industries towards it due to its availability, biodegradability, and possible smart applications. For the first time, pineapple pomace was being explored as an economic precursor for cellulose nanofibers. Nanofiber isolation was accomplished using a chemo-mechanical method and solution casting was adopted for the development of nanopapers. Moreover, the study examines the structural, optical, crystalline, dimensional, and thermal features of nanofibers isolated using different acid hydrolysis (oxalic acid and sulphuric acid) methods. Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of type I cellulose. The transmittance, crystallinity index, and thermal stability of PPNFS (sulphuric acid treated fiber) were greater than PPNFO (oxalic acid treated fiber). The transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis confirmed the nanodimension of PPNFO and PPNFS. While comparing the optical and mechanical properties of nanopapers, PPNFS outperforms PPNFO. The tensile strength of the prepared nanopapers (64 MPa (PPNFO) and 68 MPa (PPNFS)) was found to be high compared to similar works reported in the literature. The prepared nanopaper is proposed to be used for food packaging applications.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	8.025&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathew, Mariya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, C. D. Midhun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dileep, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, T. G. Ajith</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabu, Akshay Alax</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nagane, Dhiraj</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badawi, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbon black and chitin nanofibers for green tyres: preparation and property evaluation</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carbohydrate Polymers</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon black</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chitin nanofibers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green Tyre</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">natural rubber latex</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JUN</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">310</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">120700</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	This research highlights the synergistic use of carbon black (CB) and chitin nanofibers (CHNFs) for developing green tyres for the first time. The CHNFs (12-30 nm) were prepared from chitin powder with the help of steam explosion and mild oxalic acid hydrolysis. The CHNFs were uniformly dispersed in natural rubber (NR) latex, dried, and mixed with CB in a two-roll mill to form NR/CB/CHNF composites. The NR/CB/CHNF composite at 1 phr CHNF loading exhibited tensile and tear strengths that were about 47 and 160 % greater than the NR-Neat, respectively. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the loss tangent (tan delta) at 60 degrees C was 50 % lower for the NR/CB/CHNF 1.0 composite than for the NR/CB50 composite. The study succeeded in developing a new green tyre tread formulation that would be helpful for attaining sustainability and a circular economy.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	10.723&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, C. D. Midhun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joseph, Rani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, Derval dos Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Duan, Yongxin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Balan, Aiswarya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soumya, Mary</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shelke, Ankita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badawi, Michael</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanosilica from Averrhoa bilimbi juice pre-treated rice husk: preparation and characterization</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Averrhoa bilimbi juice</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bioleaching</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanosilica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">rice husk</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUG </style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">413</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">137476</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	The preparation of nanosilica from rice husk without using any concentrated mineral acids is a novel concept. This work proposes a bioleaching strategy to remove metallic impurities from rice husk for the preparation of nanosilica. Herein, nanosilica (BJRHS) was prepared by calcinating Averrhoa bilimbi juice pre-treated rice husks in a muffle furnace. The chemical and atomic structures of commercial precipitated silica (CS), rice husk ash (RHA), and BJRHS were analyzed using different analytical techniques. The optimal leaching time, calcination temperature, and calcination time were 1 h, 500 degrees C, and 6 h respectively. The particle size of BJRHS was found to be 6-12 nm, which is less than that of RHA and CS. The BET surface area of BJRHS (204 m2/g) was found to be greater than RHA (110.5 m2/g) and CS (172.1 m2/g). Mesoporous nanosilica with excellent surface area and purity was produced sustainably from rice husk which could be recommended to use in the field of catalysis, polymer technology, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	11.1&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, C. D. Midhun</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rosa, Derval dos Santos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barbosa, Rennan Felix da Silva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anagha, O. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kumar, V. Aswathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Siriwong, Chomsri</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shelke, Ankita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pasc, Andreea</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction, characterization, and life cycle assessment of nanosilica from millet husk:  sustainable alternative with low environmental impact</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Cleaner Production </style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Life cycle assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Millet husk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nanosilica</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxalic acid</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEB</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">442</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">140924</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Eco-friendly approaches for silica production are highly researched to respond increasing industrial demand for bio-nanofillers. Herein, nanosilica of 10-20 nm with mesoporosity was obtained through a mild oxalic acid pre-treatment of millet husk, followed by calcination at 700 degrees C for 2 h. Compared with commercial precipitated silica (CS) and millet husk ash (MHA) directly obtained by calcination of the husk, the pre-treated silica (MHS) had higher purity, revealed using EDX spectroscopy. Moreover, FTIR and Si-29 NMR showed a higher condensation degree in MHS with 73% of Q4 siloxane bonds vs 4% in MHA. The release of the metal and organic impurities from the husk also allows to reduce the crystallinity of MHS, and to increase the specific surface area from 82 m(2)/g in MHA to 238 m(2)/g in MHS. The type II N-2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of MHA and MHS indicate aggregates of non-porous silica particles. MHS also demonstrated remarkable thermal resilience. According to the LCA analysis, MHS has a 40% lower impact on global warming, a 38% lower impact on human carcinogenic toxicity, and a 38% lower impact on terrestrial acidification compared to rice husk nanosilica. This research thus addresses sustainability challenges by repurposing millet husks, which are readily available due to continuous millet cultivation, particularly in India. By reducing the ecological impact of husk disposal through burning, this study offers an economically viable technology for high-purity silica production, aligning with global efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable practices.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	11.1&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sankar, Sameera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shelke, Ankita Ramesh</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bipinbal, P. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, Tresa Sunitha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Badawi, Michael</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, Midhun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green engineering of cellulose nanofibers and nanopapers from Wodyetia bifurcata fruits: a sustainable approach with emphasis on process optimization and tensile property assessment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAY</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9321-9335</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;Nanocellulose emerges as a highly promising material with versatile applications, offering solutions to environmental and sustainability challenges. This study delves into the extraction of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;Wodyetia bifurcata&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;fruit pulp through mild oxalic acid hydrolysis assisted by steam explosion. To ensure environmental compatibility, chlorine-free pre-treatments were applied to eliminate non-cellulosic components. Chemical composition analysis verified the effective removal of non-cellulosic elements, validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Solid-state&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;C nuclear magnetic resonance (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;C NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of type I cellulose α-polymorph in the CNF, while a crystallinity index of 60% was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM)&amp;nbsp;images revealed a fibrous morphology with a fiber diameter ranging from 9 to 36&amp;nbsp;nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was employed to corroborate the observed fiber diameter. Mild acid hydrolysis elevated the maximum degradation temperature (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; bottom: -0.25em; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;max&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;) of CNF to 39&amp;nbsp;°C compared to the pristine sample. Furthermore, this research explores the application of CNFs in nanopaper development using a casting method. The resulting nanopapers exhibited a tensile strength of ~ 17&amp;nbsp;MPa and a transmittance of 25%. These nanopapers present a viable pathway toward eco-friendly products in various industries, promising to revolutionize upcoming sustainable packaging technologies.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	4.1&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surya, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soman, Arathy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krishnan, Akhil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Suresh, M. Parvana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominic, C. D. Midhun</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabellifer: a comprehensive study and analytical insights</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;italic&gt;Borassus flabellifer&lt;/italic&gt;</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biomass</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cellulose nanofiber</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eco-friendly extraction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sustainable materials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Waste valorization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEP</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">25359-25373</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Cellulose, a biodegradable and renewable material, is versatile and transforms various fields. This work uses a chemo-mechanical method to discuss the extraction and analysis of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) fruit derived cellulose nanofibers (PFCNF). The mild acid treatment, steam explosion, and homogenization could increase the physico-chemical properties of Borassus flabellifer fiber. The chemical composition and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful elimination of the hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractives in the palmyra fruit pulp. The solid-state 13C NMR proved the cellulose type I structure of the extracted PFCNF. The crystallinity index of PFCNF was found to be 57%. The yield of the cellulose was calculated to be 44%. PFCNF exhibited fibrous morphology with a nanodimension of 10-80 nm, validated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With progressive treatments, the thermal stability was increased, and the Tmax of PFCNF was 32 degrees C higher compared to the raw fibers. These superior properties further support their potential in eco-friendly packaging, advanced composites, biomedical materials, film production, electronics, coating materials, and paper production.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	4.1&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Varsha, P. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neenu, K. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Begum, P. M. Sabura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hounfodji, Jean Wilfried</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sankar, Sameera</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muraleedharan, Sneha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamath, Anjali N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ajithkumar, T. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Midhun, Dominic C. D.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valorization of avocado peel waste: extraction and characterization of cellulose nanofibers for multifunctional applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"> Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">APR</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12789-12800</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;This study explored the utility of underutilized avocado peels for extracting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Mild oxalic acid hydrolysis assisted by steam explosion was employed after alkali hydrolysis and chlorine-free bleaching to prepare cellulose nanofibers. The structural, atomic, and elemental features of the extracted fibers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;C NMR) spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) analysis, respectively. The crystallinity index of the nanofibers was 87%, which was 53% greater than that of the crude sample. The elution of hemicellulose and lignin was evident from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and the nanofibers had a fiber diameter of 30–82&amp;nbsp;nm according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The applied chemical treatment also elevated the thermal stability of the fibers. The extracted fibers can be applied in numerous fields, including electronics, packaging, automobiles, biomedicine, and cosmetics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
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	4.1&lt;/p&gt;
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