<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bowonder, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Racherla, J. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastakar, N. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krishnan, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R&amp;D spending patterns of global firms</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research-Technology Management</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">distributed innovation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">globalization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">R&amp;D spending</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEP</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-59</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;R&amp;amp;D spending by the top 320 companies in 2004 was US\$ 331 billion. The R&amp;amp;D intensity of these globalfirms has decreased marginally, as there was a decrease in R&amp;amp;D spending by pharmaceutical firms. R&amp;amp;D spending as a percentage of sales is the highest in the biotechnology industry followed by pharmaceuticals and network communications. At the same time, more firms are seeking to acquire intellectual assets from external sources. Managing intellectual assets will require competence to integrate external and internal knowledge assets so that innovation efficiency can go up while idea-to-market time goes down and product pipelines get richer.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1.052</style></custom4></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bowonder, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krishnan, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mastakar, N. V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Who patented what in 2004</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research-Technology Management</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MAY</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2200 CLARENDON BLVD, STE 1102, ARLINGTON, VA 22201 USA</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7-11</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Editorial Material</style></work-type></record></records></xml>