<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goswami, Surashree</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Madhugiri, Indrani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roy, Soumili</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Das, Swagata</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gadgil, Chetan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Das, Dibyendu</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catalysis, replication, and non-equilibrium behavior: Key determinants for life-like complexity realized using short peptides</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chem</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2026</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JUL</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">102914</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	The threshold complexity required for the chemical emergence of living matter necessitates the integration of catalytic competency with self-replicating capability operating out of equilibrium. Herein, we report on a catalytic self-replicating system that demonstrates complex behavior from a short peptide building block under non-equilibrium conditions. In a closed system, two distinct populations of imine-based peptide building blocks replicate with an antagonistic relationship exclusively under a non-equilibrium regime by turning over a thermodynamically activated substrate to low-energy waste. Catalytic self-destruction of the preceding replicating entities through substrate degradation (negative feedback) allows replicating networks to adapt and select a new set of fitter successor replicators through catalysis-mediated alteration in the environment (feedforward activation). Mimicking such complex behavior under non-equilibrium conditions foreshadows the emergence of Darwinian threshold (ribosomes integrate catalysis and replication), which is required for realizing systems with living matter-like properties.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
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	19.1&lt;/p&gt;
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