<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mundhewadikar, Dhananjay M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bhalerao, Minal R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vairale, Shiva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sabir, Safiya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mote, Chandrashekhar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chowdhury, Chiranjit</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agawane, Sachin B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Green synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using pomegranate peel extract for inhibition of calcium oxalate crystals and uropathogenic bacteria</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BioNanoScience</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUG</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article number 500</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;This study explores the therapeutic potential of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and its gold nanoparticle conjugate (PPE-AuNP) in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. Pomegranate peels collected from four agro-climatic zones of India exhibited consistent methanolic extract yields (10–17%) and total phenolic content, with the highest levels observed in the West zone. Green synthesis of PPE-AuNPs was confirmed through UV–Vis spectroscopy (λmax = 522&amp;nbsp;nm), DLS (38.2 ± 2.1&amp;nbsp;nm), zeta potential (-33.66 ± 2.97&amp;nbsp;mV), and TEM imaging, which showed uniform spherical nanoparticles. Characterization confirmed that PPE-AuNPs were crystalline and phytochemically capped. FTIR shifts in O–H, C = O, and C–O bands, along with a ~ 500&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; outline: 0px; font-family: Merriweather, serif;&quot;&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Au–O/N vibration, confirmed phytochemical-mediated reduction and stabilization. XRD revealed an FCC structure with a dominant (111) plane, indicating high crystallinity. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 21.53&amp;nbsp;µg/mL, superior to PPE and AuNP alone. In vitro calcium oxalate crystallization assays revealed significant crystal inhibition by PPE-AuNPs, confirmed via E-SEM, EDAX, and XRD analyses. Antibacterial studies against&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; outline: 0px; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; outline: 0px; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;K. pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; outline: 0px; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;S. aureus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;, and uropathogenic&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;box-sizing: inherit; outline: 0px; font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Merriweather, serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;showed MIC values of 31.25–62.5&amp;nbsp;µg/mL for PPE and PPE-AuNPs, with negligible activity from AuNP alone. In vivo studies in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiatic rats revealed significant improvement in urinary parameters, renal biochemistry (creatinine, urea, SGPT, SGOT), hematological markers, and histopathology, especially in the PPE-AuNP-treated group. PPE-AuNP treatment normalized urinary appearance, reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and restored renal architecture with minimal degeneration. The enhanced therapeutic effects of PPE-AuNPs are attributed to their bioactive phenolic surface ligands and colloidal stability. Overall, this study demonstrates the synergistic efficacy of PPE-AuNPs as a potent, green nanotherapeutic agent for urolithiasis, offering antioxidant, antibacterial, and nephroprotective effects with promising translational relevance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	Foreign&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;
	3.5&lt;/p&gt;
</style></custom4></record></records></xml>