<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goel, Purva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saurabh, Kumar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patil-Shinde, Veena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tambe, Sanjeev S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prediction of degrees API values of crude oils by use of saturates/aromatics/resins/ asphaltenes analysis: computational-intelligence-based models</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SPE Journal</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JUN</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">22</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">817-853</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The degrees API value is an important physicochemical characteristic of crude oils often used in determining their properties and quality. There exist models-predominantly linear ones-for predicting the degrees API magnitude from the molecular composition of a crude oil. This approach is tedious and time-consuming because it requires quantitative determination of numerous crude-oil components. Usually, the hydrocarbons present in a crude oil are grouped according to their molecular average structures into saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions. An degrees API-value prediction model dependent on these four fractions is relatively easier to develop, although this approach has been rarely used. A rigorous scrutiny suggests that some of the dependencies between the individual SARA fractions and the corresponding degrees API value could be nonlinear. Accordingly, in this study, SARA-fraction-based nonlinear models have been developed for the prediction of values using three computational-intelligence (CI) formalisms: genetic programming (GP), artificialneural networks (ANNs), and support-vector regression (SVR). The SARA analyses and degrees API values of 403 crude-oil samples covering wide ranges have been used in developing these models. A comparison of the CI-based models with an existing linear model indicates that all the former class of models possess a significantly better degrees API-value prediction and generalization performance than those exhibited by the linear model. Also, the SVR-based model has been found to be the most accurate degrees API-value predictor. Because of their better prediction accuracy, CI-based models can be gainfully used to predict degrees API values of crude oils.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></work-type><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Foreign</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1.442</style></custom4></record></records></xml>