<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srivastava, R</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srinivas, D</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratnasamy, P</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zeolite-based organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts for phosgene-free and solvent-free synthesis of cyclic carbonates and carbamates at mild conditions utilizing CO2</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied Catalysis A - General</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alkyl and aryl carbamates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">carbon dioxide utilization</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cyclic carbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phosgene-free synthetic route</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Polycarbonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zeolite-beta</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AUG</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">289</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128-134</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;As-synthesized zeolite-beta exhibits high catalytic activity for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates and alkyl and aryl carbarnates by a phosgene-free route, utilizing the greenhouse effect gas CO2. The reaction occurs with high yields of the desired products at mild conditions and without using any solvent or cocatalyst. Cyclic carbonates are synthesized by cycloaddition reaction Of CO2 with oxiranes (epichlorohydrin, propene oxide, styrene oxide and n-butene oxide) at 393 K and 6.9 bar. Alkyl and aryl carbarnates are synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding amines, CO2 and n-butyl bromide at 353 K and 3.4 bar. The as-synthesized zeolite-beta containing the encapsulated quaternary ammonium ions is not only reusable in several recycling experiments, but also shows superior activity to that of the corresponding homogeneous, quaternary ammonium halide salt generally used in the commercial synthetic practice. The microporous silica (inorganic) acting in concert with the encapsulated organic component constitutes an efficient, recyclable catalyst for this reaction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><custom3><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Foreign&lt;/p&gt;</style></custom3><custom4><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4.012</style></custom4></record></records></xml>