02687nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260010600234300001400340520189000354653001202244653001302256653001402269653002402283100002802307700003302335856012502368 2007 eng d a0196-890400aMetal-organic hybrids of 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylsulfanylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene with mercuric halides0 aMetalorganic hybrids of 135tris4pyridylsulfanylmethyl246trimethy aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAR a1150-11583 aSynthesis and solid-state structure elucidation of metal-organic hybrids of 1,3,5-tris(4-pyridylsulfanylmenthyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene with Hg(II) halides (HgCl(2), HgBr(2), and HGI(2)) are reported. In the metal-hybrids of L(1), a reaction with HgCl(2) in dmso as well as in dmf gave host-guest complexes, 1a and 1b, respectively, with the corresponding solvent of crystallization as the guests, while a reaction with HgI(2) gave open-frame network structures without any solvent of crystallization from both dmso and dmf (1c). However, reaction with HgBr(2) gave crystals of two different morphologies from each solvent dmso and dmf (1d-1f), which corresponds to the structures with and without solvent of crystallization that resemble the related structures formed by HgCl(2) and HgI(2), respectively. Three-dimensional structures of all the compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. While 1a and 1b crystallize in triclinic P (1) over bar space groups 1a: a = 9.049(2), b = 13.646(4), c = 16.298(4) angstrom, a = 111.99(1), beta = 90.43(1), gamma = 101.57(1)degrees, Z = 2, V = 1820.6(8) angstrom(3), 1b: a = 8.9799(3), b = 13.611(5), c = 16.355(5) angstrom, a = 111.57(1), beta = 92.37(1), gamma = 101.07(1)degrees, Z = 2, V = 1810.05(11) angstrom(3) complexes 1c-1f crystallize into monoclinic space groups [1c: C2/c, a = 27.661(7), b = 18.821(4), c = 15.786(4) angstrom, beta = 113.13(1), Z = 4, V = 7558(3) angstrom(3), 1d: P2(1)/c, a = 17.950(5), b = 9.031(2), c = 22.200(6) angstrom, beta = 113.62(1), Z = 4, V = 3297.3(15) angstrom(3), 1e: C2/c, a = 26.753(15), b = 18.415(10), c = 14.940(7) angstrom, beta = 109.50(1), Z = 4, V = 6938(6) angstrom(3), 1f: P2(1)/n, a = 17.697(10), b = 9.224(5), c = 21.933(12) angstrom, beta = 112.50(1), Z = 4, V = 3308(3) angstrom(3)]. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007).10aBiomass10adominant10aModelling10apyrolysis shrinkage1 aPrakashaReddy, Jayarama1 aPedireddi, Venkateswara, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metal-organic-hybrids-135-tris4-pyridylsulfanylmethyl-246-trimethylbenzene-mercuric-001421nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005500110260007700165300001200242490000600254520073500260653001200995653001401007653002801021653002401049100002901073700002101102856009201123 2008 eng d a1864-563100aCellulose conversion under heterogeneous catalysis0 aCellulose conversion under heterogeneous catalysis aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcNOV a969-9750 v13 a

In view of current problems such as global warming, high oil prices, food crisis, stricter environmental laws, and other geopolitical scenarios surrounding the use of fossil feedstocks and edible resources, the efficient conversion of cellulose, a non-food biomass, into energy, fuels, and chemicals has received much attention. The application of heterogeneous catalysis could allow researchers to develop environmentally benign processes that lead to selective formation of value-added products from cellulose under relatively mild conditions. This Minireview gives insight into the importance of biomass utilization, the current status of cellulose conversion, and further transformation of the primary products obtained

10aBiomass10acellulose10aheterogeneous catalysis10asupported catalysts1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant1 aFukuoka, Atsushi uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cellulose-conversion-under-heterogeneous-catalysis-001780nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260006800185300001200253490000600265520104800271653001201319653001401331653001701345653002201362653002901384100002101413700002901434856009901463 2009 eng d a1527-899900aSustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles0 aSustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcAUG a224-2350 v93 a

The recent progress of sustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles is described. The template synthesis of metal nanoparticles in ordered porous materials is studied for the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts capable of high activity and selectivity. The application of these materials in green catalytic processes results in a unique activity and selectivity arising from the concerted effect of metal nanoparticles and supports. The high catalytic performances of Pt nanoparticles in mesoporous silica is reported Supported metal catalysts have also been applied to biomass conversion by heterogeneous catalysis Additionally, the degradation of cellulose by supported metal catalysts, in which bifunctional catalysis of acid and metal plays the key role for the hydrolysis and reduction of cellulose, is also reported. (C) 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 224-235: 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.intersciencewiley.corn) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900004

10aBiomass10acellulose10aCO oxidation10aMesoporous silica10asupported metal catalyst1 aFukuoka, Atsushi1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-green-catalysis-supported-metal-nanoparticles-002687nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007700263300001200340490000600352520183700358653002302195653001202218653001802230653002802248653001302276100002002289700002902309856013102338 2012 eng d a1864-563100aOne-Pot method for the selective conversion of hemicellulose from crop waste into C5 sugars and furfural by using solid acid catalysts0 aOnePot method for the selective conversion of hemicellulose from aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcAPR a751-7610 v53 a

We present a solid-acid catalyzed one-pot method for the selective conversion of solid hemicellulose without its separation from other lignocellulosic components, such as cellulose and lignin. The reactions were carried out in aqueous and biphasic media to yield xylose, arabinose, and furfural. To overcome the drawbacks posed by mineral acid methods in converting hemicelllulose, we used heterogeneous catalysts that work at neutral pH. In a batch reactor, these heterogeneous catalysts, such as solid acids (zeolites, clays, metal oxides etc.), resulted in >90% conversion of hemicellulose. It has been shown that the selectivity for the products can be tuned by changing the reaction conditions, for example, a reaction carried out in water at 170 degrees C for 1 h with HBeta (Si/Al=19) and HUSY (Si/Al=15) catalysts gave yields of 62 and 56% for xylose and arabinose, respectively. With increased reaction time (6 h) and in presence of only water, HUSY resulted in yields of 30% xylose+arabinose and 18% furfural. However, in a biphasic reaction system (water+p-xylene, 170 degrees C, 6 h) yields of 56% furfural with 17% xylose+arabinose could be achieved. It was shown that with the addition of organic solvent the furfural yield could be increased from 18 to 56%. Under optimized reaction conditions, >90% carbon balance was observed. The study revealed that catalysts were recyclable with a 20% drop in activity for each subsequent run. It was observed that temperature, pressure, reaction time, substrate to catalyst ratio, solvent, and so forth had an effect on product formation. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of NH3, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and solid-state NMR (Si-29, Al-27) spectroscopy techniques.

10aanalytical methods10aBiomass10acarbohydrates10aheterogeneous catalysis10azeolites1 aSahu, Ramakanta1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-method-selective-conversion-hemicellulose-crop-waste-c5-sugars-and-furfural-using-002665nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260007400252300001200326490000800338520179600346653001202142653000902154653002002163653002702183653000802210653001702218653001402235100002002249700002902269856012502298 2014 eng d a1878-519000aSynthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid by the aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural over supported metal catalysts0 aSynthesis of 25furandicarboxylic acid by the aerobic oxidation o aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcJUN a173-1870 v1123 a

Supported Pt catalysts are synthesized, characterized and are used in the liquid phase air oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Under the optimum reaction conditions of a stepwise increase in the reaction temperature (75 and 140 degrees C for 12 h each), we achieved as high as 96 % FDCA yield in presence of 1 bar oxygen pressure over Pt/c-Al2O3. It is shown that as the oxygen pressure increases (1-10 bar), the FDCA yields decrease, since at higher partial pressure of oxygen, overoxidation reactions of substrate and product(s) are possible. It is interesting to note that even with air as an oxidant, we obtained similar yields of FDCA as that with oxygen. Moreover, the effects of base (weak or strong), its concentration (equimolar or excess) were studied in detail. It is important to increase the reaction temperature in a stepwise manner to achieve higher yields of FDCA since at higher temperatures HMF undergoes self-degradation and thus the yields of FDCA decrease. The self-degradation of HMF is also proved by undertaking the reaction under nitrogen environment. The study on the effect of substrate-to-catalyst ratio is done to improve up on the economics of overall process. The effect of supports (reducible and non-reducible) and their oxygen storage capacity is discussed and is proposed to be one of the factors to change the course of reaction. Furthermore, we have shown that FDCA formed in the reaction can be successfully isolated (91 %, isolated yield) in the pure form and its purity is confirmed by NMR, melting point, and elemental analysis. The catalysts were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy techniques.

10aBiomass10aFDCA10agreen chemistry10aheterogeneous catalyst10aHMF10aImpregnation10aOxidation1 aSahu, Ramakanta1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-25-furandicarboxylic-acid-aerobic-oxidation-5-hydroxymethyl-furfural-over-002356nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260010100242300001200343490000800355520142000363653002201783653001201805653001101817653001801828653001101846653002401857100002301881700002401904700002001928700002901948856012501977 2014 eng d a0974-362600aValue addition to lignocellulosics and biomass-derived sugars: an insight into solid acid-based catalytic methods0 aValue addition to lignocellulosics and biomassderived sugars an  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbCatalysis Soc IndiacMAR a373-3850 v1263 a

For the synthesis of important platform chemicals such as sugars (xylose and arabinose) and furans (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) from carbohydrates (hemicellulose and fructose) solid acid catalysts are employed. Similarly, over solid acid catalysts, conversion of lignin into aromatic monomers is performed. It is observed that in the dehydration of fructose, because of higher hydrothermal stability, silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) catalysts give better activity (78% HMF yield) compared with other solid acid catalysts (<63% HMF yield) at 175 degrees C. Particularly, SAPO-44 catalyst can be reused at least 5 times with marginal decrease in the activity. Zeolite, BUSY (Si/Al = 15) is active in the conversion of isolated (pure) hemicellulose to produce 41% C-5 sugars in water. The catalyst is also active in the selective conversion of hemicellulose from bagasse to yield 59% C-5 sugars. It is possible to obtain high yields of furfural (54%) directly from bagasse if instead of water, Water+toluene solvent system is used. Depolymerization of lignin using HUSY catalyst produced aromatic monomers with 60% yield at 250 degrees C. A detailed catalyst characterization study is performed to understand the correlation between catalyst activity and morphology. To understand the effect of impurities present in the substrate over solid acid catalysts, metal-exchange study is carried out.

10aaromatic monomers10aBiomass10afurans10aHemicellulose10alignin10asolid acid catalyst1 aBhaumik, Prasenjit1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aKane, Tanushree1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/value-addition-lignocellulosics-and-biomass-derived-sugars-insight-solid-acid-based-001902nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260007300217300001000290490000800300520114400308653001201452653001301464653001801477653001201495653001101507100002301518700002901541856011401570 2015 eng d a0920-586100aEffects of careful designing of SAPO-44 catalysts on the efficient synthesis of furfural0 aEffects of careful designing of SAPO44 catalysts on the efficien aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG a66-720 v2513 a

Considering the growing importance of furfural, it is necessary to develop a robust solid acid catalyst for the conversion of xylan (hemicelluloses) into furfural in a one-pot method. In this study, the effects of various components (Si, Al and P) and crystallization time on the preparation of acidic materials and their properties are extensively described. It is seen that with the increase in crystallization time (0, 48, 96, 176 h) during the synthesis of silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO-44), materials morphology changes from amorphous to AFI to CHA and the best activity for furfural synthesis (82%) from xylan was observed with SAPO-44 catalyst aged for 176 h. Since, acidity in the SAPO-44 is guided by the incorporation of Si in the ALPO framework, study on Si molar concentration (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6) in SAPO-44 was carried out and it was observed that SAPO-44 having 1.0 mole of Si content is the best catalyst for the xylan/xylose conversion to furfural. Catalyst structure-activity correlation is thoroughly defined with the help of several physico-chemical properties. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aBiomass10afurfural10aHemicellulose10aSAPO-4410aXylose1 aBhaumik, Prasenjit1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effects-careful-designing-sapo-44-catalysts-efficient-synthesis-furfural-002642nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260007100201300001200272490000600284520184300290653002202133653001202155653002602167653002102193653001102214653002502225100002402250700002902274856010902303 2015 eng d a2155-543500aLignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers over solid acid catalysts0 aLignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers over solid acid c a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN a365-3790 v53 a

It is imperative to develop an efficient and environmentally benign pathway to valorize profusely available lignin, a component of nonedible lignocellulosic materials, into value-added aromatic monomers, which can be used as fuel additives and platform chemicals. To convert lignin, earlier studies used mineral bases (NaOH, CsOH) or supported metal catalysts (Pt, Ru, Pd, Ni on C, SiO2, Al2O3, etc.) under a hydrogen atmosphere, but these methods face several drawbacks such as corrosion, difficulty in catalyst recovery, sintering of metals, loss of activity, etc. Here we show that under an inert atmosphere various solid acid catalysts can efficiently convert six different types of lignins into value-added aromatic monomers. In particular, the SiO2Al2O3 catalyst gave exceptionally high yields of ca. 60% for organic solvent soluble extracted products with 95 +/- 10% mass balance in the depolymerization of dealkaline lignin, bagasse lignin, and ORG and EORG lignins at 250 degrees C within 30 min. GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, and GPC analysis of organic solvent soluble extracted products confirmed the formation of aromatic monomers with ca. 90% selectivity. In the products, confirmation of retention of aromatic nature as present in lignin and the appearance of several functional groups has been carried out by FT-IR and H-1 and C-13 NMR studies. Further, isolation of major products by column chromatography was carried out to obtain aromatic monomers in pure form and their characterization by NMR is presented. A detailed characterization of six different types of lignins obtained from various sources helped in substantiating the catalytic results obtained in these reactions. A meticulous study on fresh and spent catalysts revealed that the amorphous catalysts are preferred to obtain reproducible catalytic results.

10aaromatic monomers10aBiomass10acolumn chromatography10adepolymerization10alignin10asolid acid catalysts1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lignin-depolymerization-aromatic-monomers-over-solid-acid-catalysts-003390nas a2200553 4500008004100000022001400041245020600055210006900261260011500330300001200445490000700457520135600464653002701820653002901847653002601876653001201902653002801914653002501942653001201967653000701979653002201986653004202008653004902050653004802099653000902147653003202156653006002188653002602248653002102274653002202295653001902317653002702336653001802363653002302381653001702404653001602421653003302437653002202470653003702492653002402529653003702553653001802590653002002608653002202628100001802650700002102668700002602689856012102715 2016 eng d a1751-874100aBiogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) iron nanocomposite material and its application in germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as a plant model0 aBiogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu Cochlosp aMICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLANDbINST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IETcJUN a141-1460 v103 a

An eco-friendly green and one-pot synthesis of highly monodispersed iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) by using a natural biopolymer, gum kondagogu (GK) as reducing and capping agent is proposed. The NPs synthesised were characterised by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the concentration of gum and time increases, the intensity of NPs formation increased. The NPs were highly monodispersed with uniform circular shapes of 2-6 nm in size. The formed NPs were crystalline in nature which was confirmed by diffraction analysis. The conversion ratio of Fe ionic form to NPs was 21% which was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fe is essential for plant growth and development. A study was conducted to examine the effect of these NPs on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs than the ions. The uptake of Fe NPs by the sprouts was also quantified by ICP-MS, in which Fe was more in mung bean seeds exposed to NPs. The -amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to NPs. The observed increase in the biomass by Fe NPs and seed germination may facilitate its application in the agriculture as an important cost-effective method for plant growth.

10aalpha-amylase activity10aBiogenic green synthesis10abiological techniques10aBiomass10aCochlospermum gossypium10adiffraction analysis10aenzymes10aFe10agum concentration10ahigh-monodispersed iron nanoparticles10ainductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy10aionic-to-nanoparticle iron conversion ratio10airon10amonodispersed gum kondagogu10amonodispersed gum kondagogu iron nanocomposite material10amung bean germination10amung bean growth10aNanobiotechnology10aNanocomposites10ananoparticle formation10aNanoparticles10anatural biopolymer10aplant growth10aplant model10ascanning electron microscopy10asize 2 nm to 6 nm10atransmission electron microscopy10aultraviolet spectra10aultraviolet-visible spectroscopy10aVigna radiata10avisible spectra10aX-ray diffraction1 aRaju, Dugyala1 aMehta, Urmil, J.1 aBeedu, Sashidhar, Rao uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biogenic-green-synthesis-monodispersed-gum-kondagogu-cochlospermum-gossypium-iron02046nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260009500231300001200326490000800338520104400346653001301390653001201403653001801415653002201433653001101455100001701466700001801483700001601501700002001517700002201537700001901559700002801578700002001606856013001626 2016 eng d a0021-951700aStudies of synergy between metal-support interfaces and selective hydrogenation of HMF to DMF in water0 aStudies of synergy between metalsupport interfaces and selective a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcAUG a248-2600 v3403 a

Metal-support interfaces play a very important role in heterogeneous catalysis. The interfacial interactions not only are responsible for stabilizing the necessary oxidation state to facilitate the reaction but also enhance the stability of the catalyst system. Nano dispersion of Ni on mesoporous nitrogen-rich carbon material has been achieved using two different synthesis methods. It was observed that nickel (0) gets stabilized by strong interfacial interaction with the nitrogen atoms of the support material, and the material was found to be very economic and efficient for the conversion of HMF to DMF in aqueous medium. The material shows >= 99% conversion to 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) within 6 h of reaction with 98.7% DMF selectivity. A unique correlation between synthesis methods and particle sizes with catalytic performance has been observed for these newly developed materials. Furthermore, a DFT calculation has been performed to predict the reaction mechanism. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10abiofuels10aBiomass10aHydrogenation10amesoporous carbon10aNi-CNx1 aGoyal, Reena1 aSarkar, Bipul1 aBag, Arijit1 aSiddiqui, Nazia1 aDumbre, Deepa, K.1 aLucas, Nishita1 aBhargava, Suresh, Kumar1 aBordoloi, Ankur uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-synergy-between-metal-support-interfaces-and-selective-hydrogenation-hmf-dmf-water01511nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001200230490000700242520079300249653001201042653001801054653002801072653001901100653001401119100002001133700001701153856012301170 2019 eng d a1319-610300aSelective hydrogenolysis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural over Pd/C catalyst to 2,5-dimethylfuran0 aSelective hydrogenolysis of 5hydroxymethylfurfural over PdC cata cMAY a439-4510 v233 a

everal metal supported catalysts were prepared and evaluated for 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) hydrogenolysis to 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) which is a renewable potential fuel additive. Among the prepared catalysts, 3%Pd/C showed excellent performance in terms of complete conversion of 5-HMF along with the highest selectivity of 99% to 2,5-DMF. Detailed physico-chemical characterisation was done in order to understand structure-activity correlation. Uniformly dispersed Pd nanoparticles on activated carbon provided the adsorption surface to enhance the hydrogenation of 5-HMF. Reaction was well optimised and established by extensive study of different reaction parameters like temperature, pressure, reaction time, stirring effect, substrate loading and metal loading.

10aBiomass10aFuel additive10aheterogeneous catalysis10aHydrogenolysis10aPalladium1 aSolanki, B., S.1 aRode, C., V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-hydrogenolysis-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-over-pdc-catalyst-25-dimethylfuran00966nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006300041210006100104260000800165300000900173520033600182653001200518653002600530653003100556653002300587100002200610700001700632700002900649856009400678 2020 eng d00aLignocellulose-derived platform molecules: an introduction0 aLignocellulosederived platform molecules an introduction cJAN a1-313 a

Fossil feedstocks such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal are formed by natural anaerobic decomposition of buried organisms for a period of more than 650 million years. On the other hand, agrobiomass is quick to grow and becomes a renewable source of chemical and fuel production through processing in a biorefinery.

10aBiomass10aBiorefinery Cellulose10aLignocellulose Petrofinery10aPlatform molecules1 aShinde, Suhas, H.1 aHengne, Amol1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lignocellulose-derived-platform-molecules-introduction02005nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260000800288300001100296490000700307520111200314653001201426653002001438653002001458653002301478653001901501100001701520700001701537700002201554700002401576700002201600856012901622 2021 eng d a2352-152X00aBiomass-derived activated carbon material from native European deciduous trees as an inexpensive and sustainable energy material for supercapacitor application0 aBiomassderived activated carbon material from native European de cFEB a1021780 v343 a

Activated carbons are one of the possible electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs), which are widely used in commercial applications. Herein, we reported the synthesis of a novel activated carbon derived through a cavitation process from the mixture of native European deciduous trees, Birch, Fagaceae, and Carpinus betulus (commonly known as European hornbeam), which was employed as the electrode material in SC. From the morphological and structural characterization, we observed that the prepared sample is a desirable carbon with good porosity and high specific surface area of about 614 m(2) g(-1). The electrochemical properties of the synthesized material were evaluated with a three-electrode configuration in 1.0 M H2SO4 electrolyte. It was found that in device mode, the carbon material delivers a specific capacitance of 24 F g(-1) at 0.25 A g(-1) with excellent cycling stability of over 10000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. Thus, our studies demonstrate the facile synthesis of biomass-derived carbon and its application as a versatile electrode material for SC applications.

10aBiomass10aCarbon material10aDeciduous trees10aElectrode material10asupercapacitor1 aJain, Amrita1 aGhosh, Meena1 aKrajewski, Marcin1 aKurungot, Sreekumar1 aMichalska, Monika uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biomass-derived-activated-carbon-material-native-european-deciduous-trees-inexpensive-and01985nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260000900229300001400238490000600252520119000258653001201448653002101460653001801481653002101499653002801520100002301548700002301571700002901594856013201623 2021 eng d a2365-654900aSingle-pot alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using heterogenized p-TSA catalyst**0 aSinglepot alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates u cJUL  a6636-66430 v63 aSynthesis of levulinate esters which are known to be excellent sustainable fuel additives, was achieved by alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol over strong solid acid catalyst, prepared by copolymerization of p-toluenesulfonic acid with paraformaldehyde. Our catalyst possessed Bronsted acidity (3 mmol/g) with an excellent stability up to 220 degrees C. XPS, FT-IR and Pyridine-IR along with microanalysis studies confirmed the presence of terminal -SO3H functional groups responsible for Bronsted acidity in the catalyst. The catalyst was found to efficiently catalyze the alcoholysis of furfuryl alcohol to give alkyl levulinates under mild reaction conditions. The complete conversion of furfuryl alcohol with 96 % and 97 % selectivities to ethyl and butyl levulinates could be achieved using ethanol and butanol, respectively. Detailed study on effect of various reaction parameters like catalyst loading, reaction time and reaction temperature on conversion and product distribution was also carried out for the ethanolysis of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate. The catalyst could be easily recovered and recycled for five times successfully, with no loss in its original activity.10aBiomass10aethyl levulinate10aFuel additive10aFurfuryl alcohol10aheterogeneous catalysis1 aPatil, Chetana, R.1 aKamble, Sanjay, P.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/single-pot-alcoholysis-furfuryl-alcohol-alkyl-levulinates-using-heterogenized-p-tsa-catalyst02609nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241300001400249490000600263520156100269653002701830653001201857653002201869653001501891653001801906100002301924700001601947700001701963700002301980700001802003700001902021700001602040700002202056700002502078700002502103700002402128856013102152 2022 eng d a2637-610500aAlgal biomass-loaded hydrogel scaffolds as a biomimetic platform with antibacterial and wound healing activities0 aAlgal biomassloaded hydrogel scaffolds as a biomimetic platform  cAUG a5800-58120 v43 a

The confluence of hydrogel scaffolds and dried algal biomass (AB), consisting of all the bioactive compounds, offers the possibility to facilitate wound healing while simultaneously instilling antibacterial benefits. For this purpose, a single-step synthesis of algal (Chlorella sorokiniana) biomass-loaded hydrogel scaffolds (AHS) was achieved. C. sorokiniana has been used in different areas for several years and has proved attractive to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Of note, the presence of phytochemicals and various bioactive compounds provides an added health benefit. Hitherto, we report AHS with accelerated wound healing along with potent anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. AHS consisting of different concentrations of AB was applied for 14 days on excisional wounds in mice. Microscopic analyses, assessment of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and histological studies were performed to investigate wound healing. These scaffolds were extensively characterized and studied using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Raman, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, swelling, rheological, thermal, and mechanical analyses. AHS have excellent biocompatibility in addition to significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (99%) and Staphylococcus aureus (98%). We believe that the as-synthesized AHS have the potential to broaden the arsenal of more effective wound healing processes along with antibacterial activities.

10aantibacterial activity10aBiomass10ahydrogel scaffold10amicroalgae10awound Healing1 aAgarwal, Aakanksha1 aKumar, Arun1 aGarg, Piyush1 aChakraborty, Arnab1 aVerma, Ranjan1 aSarwat, Maryam1 aGupta, Ajay1 aSasmal, Pijus, K.1 aVerma, Yogesh, Kumar1 aChowdhury, Chiranjit1 aMukherjee, Monalisa uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/algal-biomass-loaded-hydrogel-scaffolds-biomimetic-platform-antibacterial-and-wound-healing02381nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260000900208300001100217490000800228520148700236653001201723653001701735653002701752653002501779653001201804100001801816700002301834700002801857700002101885700001701906700001801923700001901941700002201960856010901982 2022 eng d a0926-669000aCrystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass with oral toxicity analysis0 aCrystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass with oral to cNOV  a1154070 v1873 a

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, has a steady global market and finds application as a natural sugar substitute in various food and confectionery products. Biocatalytic xylitol production, although touted as a greener alternative to conventional chemical catalysis, suffers from certain challenges, the primary being high cost of production. This study demonstrates a process for food-grade xylitol production from corncob biomass with energy reduction through two major process modifications. A non-conventional fermentation strategy was adopted whereby adjusting aeration without agitation, xylitol with high yield (0.86 +/- 0.015 g/g), and productivity (0.74 gL(-1)h(-1)) could be produced by a GRAS Pichia caribbica MTCC 5703 strain. Xylitol was recovered from the broth in the form of crystals using a combination of membrane-based filtration and crystallization. The crystals demonstrated similar to 98 % purity when quantified with H-1 NMR. Oral toxicity analysis of the crystals demonstrated no adverse effect in female Winstar rats (at a loading of 2000 mg/kg body weight of animals). Overall process statistics showed that 0.584 kg of food-grade xylitol crystals could be produced from 3.5 kg of corncob biomass. The two-process modifications during fermentation and xylitol recovery enabled an energy saving of similar to 20.842 kW/kg of crystals, providing tremendous advantages for biorefinery-based large-scale xylitol production from corncob biomass.

10aBiomass10aFermentation10aOral toxicity analysis10aWastewater treatment10axylitol1 aAhuja, Vishal1 aDasgupta, Diptarka1 aKshirsagar, Siddheshwar1 aGhosh, Prasenjit1 aMore, Snehal1 aGupta, Piyush1 aBehera, Babita1 aBhaskar, Thallada uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystalline-xylitol-production-corncob-biomass-oral-toxicity-analysis02391nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249300001100257490000800268520158000276653001701856653002801873653001201901653002201913653002701935100002201962700002301984700002502007856012902032 2022 eng d a0961-953400aIntegrated chemo and bio-catalyzed synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid from fructose derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural0 aIntegrated chemo and biocatalyzed synthesis of 25furandicarboxyl cJUN a1064740 v1613 a

Biomass being a renewable source of energy, has emerged as an attractive target for manufacturing valuable products. These possibilities can be explored to meet the current need for degradable plastic, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Integration of chemical and biological approaches for direct biomass conversion into FDCA was evaluated in this study. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was chemo-catalytically obtained from fructose using recyclable amberlyte IR-120 as a catalyst with >98% purity. Klebsiella oxytoca NCIM 2694 bacterial strain showed the potential of converting 98% of 5-HMF into FDCA with 58% selectivity at 96 h. With optimized conditions of pH 7, 37 degrees C, 2 g whole cells, we reported 99% 5-HMF conversion to FDCA with 95% selectivity at 72 h and 2667 mg L-1 yield, with 39 mg L-1 h-1 productivity. This is the highest yield obtained with the substrate concentration as high as 3000 mg L-1 reported till date. While the bacterial tolerance to 5-HMF observed was for the highest 5-HMF concentration of 4000 mg L-1, with 99% conversion however, compromising the FDCA yield to 2447 mg L-1 and 32 mg L-1 h-1 productivity. Atom economy of 85% and E factor of 17.71 g g-1 was obtained as a measure of its efficiency and sustainability of the process. The developed process will decrease the cost by excluding any extra nutrient supplement, complete substrate utilization, highest FDCA selectivity/productivity and higher tolerance by K. oxytoca, sequentially catalyzing the oxidations by a single route for FDCA synthesis from renewables.

10abiocatalysis10aBiodegradable polyester10aBiomass10aPlatform chemical10aSustainability metrics1 aParate, Roopa, D.1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/integrated-chemo-and-bio-catalyzed-synthesis-25-furandicarboxylic-acid-fructose-derived-501303nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001100232490000700243520058000250653001200830653002400842653001800866653001700884653001900901100002100920700002500941856011900966 2022 eng d a2452-223600aIonic liquids for the sustainable transformation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone (GVL)0 aIonic liquids for the sustainable transformation of levulinic ac cJUN a1006070 v353 a

This short review is focused on recent findings on the role of ionic liquids (ILs) in catalysing the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma valerolactone (GVL), which is a cascade reaction involving more than one type of reaction. A brief introduction on green aspects of IL as a catalyst followed by various types of ILs being used for hydrogenation of LA to GVL are discussed. The unique characteristics of ILs responsible for hydrogenation reaction are also explained along with the current and upcoming scenario of IL catalysed hydrogenation of LA to GVL.

10aBiomass10aGamma valerolactone10aHydrogenation10aIonic liquid10alevulinic acid1 aKondawar, Sharda1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ionic-liquids-sustainable-transformation-levulinic-acid-gamma-valerolactone-gvl02115nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260000800224300001000232490000800242520122000250653001201470653001201482653001901494653001701513653002201530653001201552100002301564700002201587700001801609700001701627700002101644700002201665700001501687856012301702 2022 eng d a0960-308500aProcess development for crystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass by Pichia caribbica0 aProcess development for crystalline xylitol production from corn cMAY a45-560 v1333 a

Xylitol, a commodity chemical, is widely used in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Microbial xylitol production is a promising alternative to mitigate current industrial practice issues and offers an environment-friendly sustainable conversion route. This study demonstrates a bioprocess for xylitol production from corncob using a mesophilic yeast Pichia caribbica. Corncob was hydrolyzed by dilute acid and steam explosion to recover fermentable xylose and used as the feed for xylitol production. Activated carbon treatment (3% w/v) completely removed the biomass-derived inhibitors furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural from the liquid hydrolysate. The fermenting yeast Pichia caribbica produced 124.1 +/- 0.45 g/L xylitol from the detoxified and concentrated corncob hydrolysate with a high yield of 0.80 +/- 0.02 g/g. The crystallized xylitol with 96.5% purity demonstrated no harmful effects on the cell line used as a control for the in-vitro toxicity studies. This proof of concept can be applied to help scale up for bio-refinery-based large-scale production of xylitol from corncob biomass.(c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aBiomass10aCorncob10aDetoxification10aFermentation10aToxicity analysis10axylitol1 aDasgupta, Diptarka1 aSidana, Arushdeep1 aSarkar, Bipul1 aMore, Snehal1 aGhosh, Debashish1 aBhaskar, Thallada1 aRay, Anjan uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-development-crystalline-xylitol-production-corncob-biomass-pichia-caribbica01788nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260000800232300001500240490000800255520098800263653001401251653001201265653001401277653001501291653004801306100002601354700003001380700002501410856012301435 2022 eng d a0018-019X00aRecent developments in the applications of biomass-derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts0 aRecent developments in the applications of biomassderived sulfon cAUG ae2022000320 v1053 a

Recently, carbon-based materials are gaining a lot of attraction. It is considered as an emerging area of research and has gained significant importance as an efficient catalyst/material in various fields. Biomass is abundantly available, cheap and a renewable carbon resource. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst can be derived by sulfonation of various sources of biomass such as sugars, lignin, fruit waste, agro-waste, bio-char, etc. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts can be used as a substitute to liquid acids. These catalysts possess a stable carbon skeleton and are insoluble in almost all organic solvents as well as under acidic/basic conditions. This review covers details about biomass-derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts and its catalytic activities in many important transformations such as hydrolysis of cellulose, synthesis of biodiesel, synthesis of various important chemicals and for various organic transformations.

10aBiodiesel10aBiomass10acellulose10aHydrolysis10asulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst1 aKirdant, Swapnali, P.1 aTamboli, Asma, T. Biradar1 aJadhav, Vrushali, H. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/recent-developments-applications-biomass-derived-sulfonated-carbonaceous-solid-acid02440nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260000800234300001400242490000700256520159200263653001501855653001201870653001701882653001601899653001701915653001501932100002101947700001901968700002001987700002102007700002402028856012202052 2023 eng d a1618-954X00aDevelopment of multipurpose biomass-derived adsorbents using Coccinia grandis for removal of contaminants0 aDevelopment of multipurpose biomassderived adsorbents using Cocc cDEC a3393-34050 v253 a

The present study is an attempt to develop newer multipurpose biomass-derived adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment; biomass that are easily available, renewable and most importantly, sustainable. A model adsorbent was developed using Coccinia grandis (CG, Ivy gourd) and further modified by impregnating copper nanoparticles (CG-Cu). The adsorbent characterization was done for evaluating surface morphology, surface area and metal modification. The utility of the newer adsorbents was established for the removal of different contaminants such as dyes (cationic Malachite Green, anionic Congo Red and fluorescent cationic Rhodamine B), Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient pollutant (Ciprofloxacin) and also for the removal of pathogenic bacteria, Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Both CG and CG-Cu bio-nanocomposite were highly effective in removal of different contaminants, 99% dye removal for Malachite Green, with a high adsorption capacity of 49 mg/g, higher than that for commercial activated charcoal whereas for all other dyes, the performance of CG-Cu was similar. The isotherm studies indicated multilayer adsorption, in general. A good adsorption capacity of 10.8 mg/g was also observed for the removal of ciprofloxacin. The combined effect of the bio-nanocomposite, CG-Cu was impressive and 100% disinfection was achieved within 10 min, due to the antimicrobial activity of Cu and oxidation effect of reactive oxygen species enhancing the disinfection.Graphical abstractMultipurpose biomass derived adsorbents using Coccinia grandis for removal of contaminants

10aAdsorption10aBiomass10aDisinfection10adye removal10ananomaterial10aSeparation1 aRaj, Surabhi, S.1 aMane, Maya, B.1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBalapure, Kshama1 aBhandari, Vinay, M. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/development-multipurpose-biomass-derived-adsorbents-using-coccinia-grandis-removal01971nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260000800202300001100210490000800221520123500229653001001464653001201474653002701486653001701513653002401530100003201554700001901586700002901605856010701634 2023 eng d a0926-860X00aSelective oxidation of 5-HMF to DFF over alkali promoted Mn nanocomposite0 aSelective oxidation of 5HMF to DFF over alkali promoted Mn nanoc cJUN a1191800 v6593 a

Various compositions of Cs promoted Mn catalysts were synthesized and investigated for selective oxidation of 5HMF to DFF, among which Mn-Cs(80:20) was found to be most efficient giving 91 % conversion of 5-HMF and 99 % selectivity to DFF. Detail characterization like N2-sorption, BET surface area, TG-DTA, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM-EDX, TEM, HR-TEM, CO2-TPD, H2-TPR, O2-TPO, FTIR, Raman spectra and CH3OH-IR were done to establish structureactivity correlation. Enhanced surface area, porosity, thermal stability, dual morphologies were observed due to inclusion of Cs in Mn lattice domain which further enhanced the crystallinity, and oxygen diffusion on the surface. Mixed morphologies comprising nanoparticles (4-5 nm) and nanocubes (50-60 nm) were observed with enhanced redox potential and reduced work function due to weakening of Mn-O bonds. Significant increase in the basicity of catalyst, interfacial redox properties and lattice oxygen led to highly efficient oxidation of 5-HMF to DFF via Mars-van Krevelen mechanism at relatively milder conditions i.e. T = 90 degrees C and PO2= 200 psig. The catalyst was easily recyclable up to 7 times with minor loss in activity which was regenerated heat treatment protocol.

10a5-HMF10aBiomass10aheterogeneous catalyst10apolyurethane10aSelective oxidation1 aSolanki, Bhanupratap, Singh1 aRoh, Hyun-Seog1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-oxidation-5-hmf-dff-over-alkali-promoted-mn-nanocomposite01085nas a2200349 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260000900206490000700215653001200222653002300234653001200257653002400269653001600293100001700309700001600326700002700342700002000369700002200389700001800411700001800429700001700447700001900464700001700483700001900500700002200519700001800541700002000559700001900579700001800598856011900616 2024 eng d00aBiocatalysis enables the scalable conversion of biobased furans into various furfurylamines0 aBiocatalysis enables the scalable conversion of biobased furans  cJUL 0 v1510aBiomass10aOMEGA-TRANSAMINASE10aOXIDASE10aReductive amination10aSPECIFICITY1 aGiri, Pritam1 aLim, Seonga1 aKhobragade, Taresh, P.1 aPagar, Amol, D.1 aPatil, Mahesh, D.1 aSarak, Sharad1 aJeon, Hyunwoo1 aJoo, Sangwoo1 aGoh, Younghwan1 aJung, Seohee1 aJang, Yu-Jeong1 aChoi, Seung, Beom1 aKim, Ye, Chan1 aKang, Taek, Jin1 aHeo, Yong-Seok1 aYun, Hyungdon uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biocatalysis-enables-scalable-conversion-biobased-furans-various-furfurylamines01664nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260000800250300001200258490000800270520085100278653000601129653002701135653002901162653001201191653001501203100002901218700002701247700002801274856013201302 2024 eng d a1011-372X00aEfficient synthesis of a monomer for bioplastic-FDCA using glucose-HTC catalyst and pinnick oxidation from HMF & fructose0 aEfficient synthesis of a monomer for bioplasticFDCA using glucos cFEB a718-7240 v1543 a

An efficient solvent mediated & use of metal-free catalyst strategy was developed for synthesis of FDCA over two steps. A simple & economical glucose-hydrothermally carbonized (Glu-HTC) catalyst was prepared and evaluated for synthesis of 2,5-Diformyl furan (DFF) from fructose & 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the 1(st) step. DFF was then converted to FDCA using Pinnick oxidation in the 2(nd) step. DFF was obtained in 82% & 86% yields from fructose & HMF respectively whereas FDCA was obtained in 94-95% yield from DFF. FDCA was thus formed in an overall yield of 78% and 81% from fructose & HMF respectively. This strategy eliminated use of expensive noble metals for FDCA synthesis and also intermediates such as HMFCA & FFCA were not observed after the reaction as DFF was completely oxidized to FDCA.

10a210a5-Diformyl furan (DFF)10a5-Furandicarboxylic acid10aBiomass10aD-fructose1 aKirdant, Swapnali, P. P.1 aBankar, Shubham, R. R.1 aJadhav, Vrushali, H. H. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-synthesis-monomer-bioplastic-fdca-using-glucose-htc-catalyst-and-pinnick-oxidation02458nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001100252490000800263520161700271653001201888653001501900653002501915653002301940653002801963653002901991100002202020700002402042700001802066856013202084 2024 eng d a0960-148100aHydrogen evolution via photocatalytic reforming of biomass with palladium nanoparticles decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets0 aHydrogen evolution via photocatalytic reforming of biomass with  cSEP a1208110 v2303 a

Fossil fuel depletion and environmental toxins have made photocatalytic H2 production of paramount significance. A novel and unique technique for producing sustainable H2 and valorizing biomass using infinite solar energy is biomass photoreformation. Nevertheless, this environmentally friendly method is usually linked to severe reaction circumstances, insufficient selectivity, and restricted biomass conversion. Here, we present a novel one-pot photoreformation technique over porous g-C3N4 nanosheets surface-modified with Pd nano- particles to convert D-glucose to H2. By stacking the g-C3N4 photocatalyst into a 2D nanosheet structure, some of its inherent drawbacks can be mitigated. Furthermore, the inclusion of noble metal nanoparticles in these g-C3N4 nanosheet structures could significantly boost existing photocatalytic activity. The majority of solar radiation is composed of visible light, which makes up 45% of it, and ultraviolet light, which makes up 5%. Therefore, our focus has been on utilizing abundant visible light to facilitate biomass reformation. After 4 h of continuous irradiation, our composite photocatalyst exhibited exceptional visible light activity; its H2 evolution was 1839.84 mu molg- 1h- 1 , or about 27 times higher than that of undoped g-C3N4 nanosheets. The effectiveness of three different Pd loadings on g-C3N4 nanosheets for glucose reforming was examined. In the quest for an improved H2 evolution visible light active photocatalyst, g-C3N4 nanosheets made at various pyrolysis temperatures loaded with optimized Pd weight percentage were also examined.

10aBiomass10aD -glucose10ag-C 3 N 4 nanosheets10aHydrogen evolution10apalladium nanoparticles10aPhotocatalytic reforming1 aThara, Chinnu, R.1 aWalko, Priyanka, S.1 aMathew, Beena uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogen-evolution-photocatalytic-reforming-biomass-palladium-nanoparticles-decorated-g-c3n402324nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300001600252490000700268520125100275653004201526653001201568653002401580653002801604653002601632653002301658100001401681700001801695700002001713700002001733700001801753700002301771700003701794700002501831700002701856856012701883 2025 eng d a2190-681500aSustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabellifer: a comprehensive study and analytical insights0 aSustainable cellulose nanofiber extraction from Borassus flabell cSEP a25359-253730 v153 a

Cellulose, a biodegradable and renewable material, is versatile and transforms various fields. This work uses a chemo-mechanical method to discuss the extraction and analysis of palmyra (Borassus flabellifer) fruit derived cellulose nanofibers (PFCNF). The mild acid treatment, steam explosion, and homogenization could increase the physico-chemical properties of Borassus flabellifer fiber. The chemical composition and FTIR analysis confirmed the successful elimination of the hemicellulose, lignin, and other extractives in the palmyra fruit pulp. The solid-state 13C NMR proved the cellulose type I structure of the extracted PFCNF. The crystallinity index of PFCNF was found to be 57%. The yield of the cellulose was calculated to be 44%. PFCNF exhibited fibrous morphology with a nanodimension of 10-80 nm, validated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With progressive treatments, the thermal stability was increased, and the Tmax of PFCNF was 32 degrees C higher compared to the raw fibers. These superior properties further support their potential in eco-friendly packaging, advanced composites, biomedical materials, film production, electronics, coating materials, and paper production.

10aBorassus flabellifer10aBiomass10aCellulose nanofiber10aEco-friendly extraction10aSustainable materials10aWaste valorization1 aSurya, S.1 aSoman, Arathy1 aKrishnan, Akhil1 aSuresh, Parvana1 aNeenu, K., V.1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-cellulose-nanofiber-extraction-borassus-flabellifer-comprehensive-study-and02034nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001100259490000700270520122500277653001201502653001601514653001901530653002001549653002401569100002501593700003501618700002001653856013101673 2025 eng d a2213-292900aUpcycling solid wastes: using abundant egg shell wastes for the greener production of lactic acid under ambient conditions0 aUpcycling solid wastes using abundant egg shell wastes for the g cAPR a1156030 v133 a

In this study, we explore a sustainable approach to repurposing eggshell waste as a catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived sucrose, sugar syrup, xylan, and cellulose into lactic acid, a chemical in high demand. Currently, lactic acid is industrially produced using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which require precise pH control and temperature maintenance, complicating their application. Our work demonstrates a one-pot synthesis of lactic acid using calcined eggshells in an aqueous medium via simple thermal treatment. Comprehensive characterization of the eggshell catalyst was carried out using techniques such as XRD, BET, FT-IR, FE-SEM, XPS, and TGA, revealing that calcination above 700 degrees C transformed the eggshell into CaO, drastically altering its morphology and enhancing its basicity. At 200 degrees C, using 70 wt% of catalyst for 1 h, we achieved a remarkable 92 C-mol% lactic acid yield with excellent carbon balance. The increased basicity played a key role in selectively driving lactic acid production. Our approach offers a green, sustainable solution with significant implications for future research in valorizing waste materials and advancing bio-based chemical production.

10aBiomass10aLactic acid10aSustainability10aWaste egg shell10aWaste-to- chemicals1 aSreekantan, Sreejith1 aSudhakaran, Amitha, Kalappurak1 aMarimuthu, Banu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upcycling-solid-wastes-using-abundant-egg-shell-wastes-greener-production-lactic-acid-under