01241nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260010600263300001400369490000800383520037800391653002300769653003400792653001900826653001600845100003100861700002000892856012300912       2007                        eng d  a0957-416600aNovel hybrid of clay, cellulose, and thermoplastics. I. preparation and characterization of composites of ethylene-propylene copolymer0 aNovel hybrid of clay cellulose and thermoplastics I preparation   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcMAY  a2672-26820 v1043 a<p>{The present study is aimed to prepare hybrid materials by incorporating layered silicates and microcrystalline cellulose into thermoplastic polymer. Using ethylene-propylene (EP) copolymer as thermoplastic polymer matrix and maleated EP (MEP) copolymer as compatibilizer, three types of composites were prepared by (i) melt mixing of cellulose with thermoplastics [</p>10aabrupt contraction10aArbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian10afinite element10asimulations1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hybrid-clay-cellulose-and-thermoplastics-i-preparation-and-characterization-002670nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245015400055210006900209260007300278300001200351490000800363520176700371653002302138653003402161653001902195653001602214100001802230700002102248700002102269700002702290856012302317       2007                        eng d  a0377-025700aSimulation of viscoelastic flows of polymer solutions in abrupt contractions using an arbitrary lagrangian eulerian (ALE) based finite element method0 aSimulation of viscoelastic flows of polymer solutions in abrupt   aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a157-1690 v1433 a<p>We present a method for simulation of viscoelastic flows using an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique based finite element formulation. The ALE technique provides advantages of both Lagrangian and Eulerian frameworks by allowing the computational mesh to move in an arbitrary manner, independent of the material motion. In the present method, a fractional step ALE technique is employed in which the Lagrangian phase of material motion and convection arising out of mesh motion are decoupled. In the first step the relevant flow and constitutive equations are solved in Lagrangian framework. The simpler representation of polymer constitutive equations in a Lagrangian framework avoids the difficulties associated with convective terms thereby resulting in a robust numerical formulation. In the second step the mesh is moved in ALE mode and the associated convection of the stress is performed using a Godunov type scheme. This ALE technique is easy to implement and can accurately simulate the complex viscoelastic behaviour of transient polymer flow through complex geometries. In the present study, steady flows through abrupt contractions of planar and axisymmetric geometries are studied by performing transient flow simulations until steady state is achieved. The proposed method is validated with previously published numerical and experimental studies for polymer solutions obeying the Oldroyd B and Phan Thien Tanner (PTT) models. The simulated corner and lip vortex enhancement mechanism and flow behavior are in good agreement with experimentally obtained flow visualization photographs. The strength of the proposed method lies in its ability to simulate free surface flows such as swell. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aabrupt contraction10aArbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian10afinite element10asimulations1 aGanvir, Vivek1 aLele, Ashish, K.1 aThaokar, Rochish1 aGautham, Basavarsu, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simulation-viscoelastic-flows-polymer-solutions-abrupt-contractions-using-arbitrary