03148nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260006700256300001400323490000800337520227200345653002402617653003202641653005102673100001902724700001802743700002002761700002102781856012802802       2015                        eng d  a0006-359200aInterlinked population balance and cybernetic models for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of natural polymers0 aInterlinked population balance and cybernetic models for the sim  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcOCT  a2084-21050 v1123 a<p>Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) is a process where microbes have to first excrete extracellular enzymes to break polymeric substrates such as starch or cellulose into edible nutrients, followed by in situ conversion of those nutrients into more valuable metabolites via fermentation. As such, SSF is very attractive as a one-pot synthesis method of biological products. However, due to the co-existence of multiple biochemical steps, modeling SSF faces two major challenges. The first is to capture the successive chain-end and/or random scission of the polymeric substrates over time, which determines the rate of generation of various fermentable substrates. The second is to incorporate the response of microbes, including their preferential substrate utilization, to such a complex broth. Each of the above-mentioned challenges has manifested itself in many related areas, and has been competently but separately attacked with two diametrically different tools, i.e., the Population Balance Modeling (PBM) and the Cybernetic Modeling (CM), respectively. To date, they have yet to be applied in unison on SSF resulting in a general inadequacy or haphazard approaches to examine the dynamics and interactions of depolymerization and fermentation. To overcome this unsatisfactory state of affairs, here, the general linkage between PBM and CM is established to model SSF. A notable feature is the flexible linkage, which allows the individual PBM and CM models to be independently modified to the desired levels of detail. A more general treatment of the secretion of extracellular enzyme is also proposed in the CM model. Through a case study on the growth of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae capable of excreting a chain-end scission enzyme (glucoamylase) on starch, the interlinked model calibrated using data from the literature (Nakamura et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 53:21-25, 1997), captured features not attainable by existing approaches. In particular, the effect of various enzymatic actions on the temporal evolution of the polymer distribution and how the microbes respond to the diverse polymeric environment can be studied through this framework. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2084-2105. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10acybernetic modeling10apopulation balance modeling10asimultaneous saccharification and fermentation1 aHo, Yong, Kuen1 aDoshi, Pankaj1 aYeoh, Hak, Koon1 aNgoh, Gek, Cheng  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/interlinked-population-balance-and-cybernetic-models-simultaneous-saccharification-and-002594nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260000800206300001400214490000700228520178900235653001502024653002302039653002802062653001702090653005102107100002102158700001902179700001802198700002302216856011302239       2023                        eng d  a2190-681500aInvestigation of cold-active and mesophilic cellulases: opportunities awaited0 aInvestigation of coldactive and mesophilic cellulases opportunit  cJUL  a8829-88520 v133 a<p>
	In the recent decade, the global demand and fuel prices have urged a need to track down an alternate resource. Second-generation (2G) biofuel from the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is trending as the fundamental alternative resource. Although LCB is the most abundantly available renewable resource, its commercialization into 2G biofuel technology is a major challenge. Efficient LCB hydrolysis requires a proper lignocellulolytic enzyme cocktail. In view to addressing this problem, several researchers are investigating for efficient enzymes to hydrolyze LCB. To date, there are very few commercial enzymes that aid in the breakdown of LCB, and these enzymes are traditionally isolated from culturable microbes. As only 1% of the microbes can be cultivated in the laboratory, the potentials of the uncultured remain under-explored. In the recent decade, advances in metagenomics using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revealed the vast diversity of hydrolytic enzymes and multiple domain proteins in the ecosystem. Aiming this, we focus our review on investigating efficient cold-active and mesophilic cellulases from the metagenome. India is an agro-based country with various climatic regions, ranging from warm and humid in the south to mild or moderate and cold or snowy in the Himalayan north; therefore, both cold-active and mesophilic cellulases are needed for LCB to ethanol. Along with downsizing, the conversion cost of LCB to fermentable sugars not only increases the enzymatic conversion but also increases the fermentation efficiency, which ultimately helps to commercialize the second-generation biofuel technology. Metagenomics is an evolving concept, and it has opened new horizons for the discovery of micro-organisms and new enzymes.</p>
10acellulases10aGlycosyl hydrolase10aLignocellulosic biomass10aMetagenomics10asimultaneous saccharification and fermentation1 aChavan, Sambhaji1 aShete, Ashvini1 aMirza, Yasmin1 aDharne, Mahesh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/investigation-cold-active-and-mesophilic-cellulases-opportunities-awaited