02869nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260009000249300001200339490000700351520190100358653001802259653002402277653002102301653003402322653001902356653001102375100001802386700002102404700003702425700002102462856013202483       2015                        eng d  a0885-576500aRole of methyl jasmonate in the expression of mycorrhizal induced resistance against Fusarium oxysporum in tomato plants0 aRole of methyl jasmonate in the expression of mycorrhizal induce  a24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLANDbACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcOCT  a139-1450 v923 a<p>Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) colonization led to a decrease in the severity of fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in tomato plants. The involvement of two plant defense hormones, namely methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA), in the expression of mycorrhiza induced resistance (MIR) against this vascular pathogen was studied in the AM colonized and non-colonized (controls) plants. Activity of lipoxygenase (LOX), which plays a role in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, as well as levels of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increased in AM colonized plants as compared to controls, but did not show any further changes in response to F. oxysporum inoculation. On the other hand, activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), which is an enzyme from salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic pathway, as well as SA levels, increased in both controls and AM colonized plants in response to application of F. oxysporum spores. Hence the JA and not the SA signalling pathway appeared to play a role in the expression of MIR against this vascular pathogen. The resistance observed in AM colonized plants was completely compromised when plants were treated with the JA biosynthesis inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). This confirmed that the AM-induced increase in JA levels was involved in the expression of resistance toward F. oxysporum. The SA response gene pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) showed an increased expression in response to F. oxysporum infection in SHAM treated AM colonized plants as compared to plants that were not treated with this JA inhibitor. This suggested the possibility that JA inhibited SA responses, at least in the roots. AM colonization therefore appeared to prime plants for improved tolerance against the vascular pathogen F. oxysporum, which was mediated through the JA signalling pathway. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aFusarium wilt10aGlomus fasciculatum10aMethyl jasmonate10aMycorrhiza induced resistance10aSalicylic acid10aTomato1 aNair, Aswathy1 aKolet, Swati, P.1 aThulasiram, Hirekodathakallu, V.1 aBhargava, Sujata  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-methyl-jasmonate-expression-mycorrhizal-induced-resistance-against-fusarium-oxysporum-002610nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260000800245300001400253490000700267520170200274653002201976653001701998653002002015653001102035653001002046653000902056100002702065700002602092700002002118700001902138700002002157700002402177856013102201       2018                        eng d  a1467-764400aWRKY1 acts as a key component improving resistance against Alternaria solani in wild tomato, Solanum arcanum Peralta0 aWRKY1 acts as a key component improving resistance against Alter  cAUG  a1502-15130 v163 a<p>Early blight (EB), caused by Alternaria solani, is a major threat to global tomato production. In comparison with cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a wild relative, S.arcanum exhibits strong resistance against EB. However, molecular cascades operating during EB resistance in wild or cultivated tomato plants are largely obscure. Here, we provide novel insight into spatio-temporal molecular events in S.arcanum against A.solani. Transcriptome and co-expression analysis presented 33-WRKYs as promising candidates of which 12 SaWRKYs displayed differential expression patterns in resistant and susceptible accessions during EB disease progression. Among these, SaWRKY1 exhibited induced expression with significant modulation in xyloglucan endotrans hydrolase 5 (XTH5) and MYB2 expressions that correlated with the disease phenotypes. Electro-mobility shift assay confirmed physical interaction of recombinant SaWRKY1 to SaXTH5 and SaMYB2 promoters. Comparative WRKY1 promoter analysis between resistant and susceptible plants revealed the presence of crucial motifs for defence mechanism exclusively in resistant accession. Additionally, many defence-related genes displayed significant expression variations in both the accessions. Further, WRKY1 overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited higher levels of EB resistance while RNAi silencing lines had increased susceptibility to A.solani with altered expression of XTH5 and MYB2. Overall, these findings demonstrate the positive influence of WRKY1 in improving EB resistance in wild tomato and this could be further utilized as a potential target through genetic engineering to augment protection against A.solani in crop plants.</p>10aAlternaria solani10aearly blight10aSolanum arcanum10aTomato10aWRKY110aXTH51 aShinde, Balkrishna, A.1 aDholakia, Bhushan, B.1 aHussain, Khalid1 aAharoni, Asaph1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aKamble, Avinash, C.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/wrky1-acts-key-component-improving-resistance-against-alternaria-solani-wild-tomato-solanum02884nas a2200409   4500008004100000022001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001400254490000800268520160500276653001201881653002701893653003601920653002501956653001101981100002701992700001902019700002002038700002002058700001902078700002102097700002302118700001602141700001702157700001602174700001602190700002002206700002602226700002202252700002102274700002002295700001702315700001902332856012302351       2022                        eng d  a0028-646X00a2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases drive expansion of steroidal alkaloid structural diversity in the genus Solanum0 a2oxoglutaratedependent dioxygenases drive expansion of steroidal  cMAY  a1394-14100 v2343 a<p>
	Solanum steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are renowned defence metabolites exhibiting spectacular structural diversity. Genes and enzymes generating the SGA precursor pathway, SGA scaffold and glycosylated forms have been largely identified. Yet, the majority of downstream metabolic steps creating the vast repertoire of SGAs remain untapped. Here, we discovered that members of the 2-OXOGLUTARATE-DEPENDENT DIOXYGENASE (2-ODD) family play a prominent role in SGA metabolism, carrying out three distinct backbone-modifying oxidative steps in addition to the three formerly reported pathway reactions. The GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM34 (GAME34) enzyme catalyses the conversion of core SGAs to habrochaitosides in wild tomato S. habrochaites. Cultivated tomato plants overexpressing GAME34 ectopically accumulate habrochaitosides. These habrochaitoside enriched plants extracts potently inhibit Puccinia spp. spore germination, a significant Solanaceae crops fungal pathogen. Another 2-ODD enzyme, GAME33, acts as a desaturase (via hydroxylation and E/F ring rearrangement) forming unique, yet unreported SGAs. Conversion of bitter alpha-tomatine to ripe fruit, nonbitter SGAs (e.g. esculeoside A) requires two hydroxylations; while the known GAME31 2-ODD enzyme catalyses hydroxytomatine formation, we find that GAME40 catalyses the penultimate step in the pathway and generates acetoxy-hydroxytomatine towards esculeosides accumulation. Our results highlight the significant contribution of 2-ODD enzymes to the remarkable structural diversity found in plant steroidal specialized metabolism.</p>
10aSolanum10aspecialized metabolism10asteroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs)10astructural diversity10aTomato1 aSonawane, Prashant, D.1 aJozawiak, Adam1 aBarbole, Ranjit1 aPanda, Sayantan1 aAbebie, Bekele1 aKazachkova, Yana1 aGharat, Sachin, A.1 aRamot, Ofir1 aUnger, Tamar1 aWizler, Guy1 aMeir, Sagit1 aRogachev, Ilana1 aDoron-Faigenboim, Adi1 aPetreikov, Marina1 aSchaffer, Arthur1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aScherf, Tali1 aAharoni, Asaph  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/2-oxoglutarate-dependent-dioxygenases-drive-expansion-steroidal-alkaloid-structural02802nas a2200445   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260000800258300001400266490000800280520142600288653001901714653001201733653002101745653001101766653001901777653003601796653001101832100002001843700001801863700002701881700002301908700002101931700001901952700003101971700002602002700002002028700002002048700001802068700001602086700001602102700002002118700002202138700001702160700001802177700002002195700001902215856012202234       2022                        eng d  a0028-646X00aSteroidal alkaloids defence metabolism and plant growth are modulated by the joint action of gibberellin and jasmonate signalling0 aSteroidal alkaloids defence metabolism and plant growth are modu  cFEB  a1220-12370 v2333 aSteroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are protective metabolites constitutively produced by Solanaceae species. Genes and enzymes generating the vast structural diversity of SGAs have been largely identified. Yet, mechanisms of hormone pathways coordinating defence (jasmonate; JA) and growth (gibberellin; GA) controlling SGAs metabolism remain unclear. We used tomato to decipher the hormonal regulation of SGAs metabolism during growth vs defence tradeoff. This was performed by genetic and biochemical characterisation of different JA and GA pathways components, coupled with in vitro experiments to elucidate the crosstalk between these hormone pathways mediating SGAs metabolism. We discovered that reduced active JA results in decreased SGA production, while low levels of GA or its receptor led to elevated SGA accumulation. We showed that MYC1 and MYC2 transcription factors mediate the JA/GA crosstalk by transcriptional activation of SGA biosynthesis and GA catabolism genes. Furthermore, MYC1 and MYC2 transcriptionally regulate the GA signalling suppressor DELLA that by itself interferes in JA-mediated SGA control by modulating MYC activity through protein-protein interaction. Chemical and fungal pathogen treatments reinforced the concept of JA/GA crosstalk during SGA metabolism. These findings revealed the mechanism of JA/GA interplay in SGA biosynthesis to balance the cost of chemical defence with growth.10aalpha-tomatine10adefence10agibberellin (GA)10agrowth10ajasmonate (JA)10asteroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs)10aTomato1 aPanda, Sayantan1 aJozwiak, Adam1 aSonawane, Prashant, D.1 aSzymanski, Jedrzej1 aKazachkova, Yana1 aVainer, Andrii1 aKilambi, Himabindu, Vasuki1 aAlmekias-Siegl, Efrat1 aDikaya, Varvara1 aBocobza, Samuel1 aShohat, Hagai1 aMeir, Sagit1 aWizler, Guy1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aSchuurink, Robert1 aWeiss, David1 aYasuor, Hagai1 aKamble, Avinash1 aAharoni, Asaph  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/steroidal-alkaloids-defence-metabolism-and-plant-growth-are-modulated-joint-action