01639nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260007300266300001200339490000800351520062700359653002100986653001901007653003701026653001901063653001701082653002001099653002201119653001901141653001701160100001901177700001901196700001701215856012901232 2005 eng d a1381-116900aFactors affecting activation and utilization of carbon dioxide in cyclic carbonates synthesis over Cu and Mn peraza macrocyclic complexes0 aFactors affecting activation and utilization of carbon dioxide i aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcFEB a199-2050 v2263 a

The catalytic activities of several Cu and Mn aza complexes for cyclic carbonate synthesis from CO2 and epoxides are reported. The various factors affecting activation of CO2 by metal complexes and its utilization in cyclic carbonate synthesis have been investigated. Fr-IR, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopic investigations reveal that CO2 coordinates to Cu in eta(1)-C mode of coordination. Nature of the ligand and substitution influence the lability of metal-CO2 bonding. The differences in the catalytic activities are correlated with the mode and strength of CO2 binding. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10abenign synthesis10aCarbon dioxide10acatalysis by Cu and Mn complexes10aCO2 activation10aCO2 fixation10aCO2 utilization10acyclic carbonates10apolycarbonates10aspectroscopy1 aSrivastava, R.1 aBennur, T., H.1 aSrinivas, D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/factors-affecting-activation-and-utilization-carbon-dioxide-cyclic-carbonates-synthesis-002595nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260007300240300001200313490000800325520158500333653003301918653002001951653003201971653001602003653005302019653003502072653003902107653003002146100001702176700001802193856013002211 2007 eng d a1387-181100aSpectroscopic and catalytic properties of SBA-15 molecular sieves functionalized with acidic and basic moieties0 aSpectroscopic and catalytic properties of SBA15 molecular sieves aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP a170-1800 v1053 a

SBA-15, grafted with Lewis acidic Ti4+ ions and basic amines (imidazole, guanine or adenine) exhibited high catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides yielding selectively cyclic carbonate precursors of polycarbonates. In the second class of materials, the surface of SBA-15 was grafted with thiol or sulfonic acid functionalities. Mn(Salen)Cl was, then, covalently bound to these acidic groups. The resulting catalysts show enhanced chemo-, regio- and stereo-selective catalytic activity in the epoxidation of terpenes such as R-(+)limonene, alpha-pinene and Delta-carene with molecular oxygen. The acid-base properties of these modified SBA- 15 materials were investigated by temperature-programmed desorption and diffuse-reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Ammonia and pyridine were used as probe molecules for acidic sites and CO2 for basic sites. Acidic Ti sites activated epoxides and the grafted basic amines activated CO2. The simultaneous presence of both acidic and basic sites on amine/adenine-functionalized Ti-SBA-15 enabled synergistic enhancement in catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 to epoxides. When Mn(Salen)Cl was immobilized on thiol or sulfonic acid-functionalized SBA-15, the oxidation state of Mn decreased from +3 to +2. The organo-acidic functional groups (thiol or sulfonic acid) axialk, coordinated to Mn ions modified the electronic structure of Mn ions enhancing the activity and selectivity of Mn(Salen) complexes in aerial oxidation reactions. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

10aaerial oxidation of terpenes10aCO2 utilization10acyclic carbonates synthesis10aepoxidation10afunctionalization with acidic and basic moieties10aimmobilization of Mn complexes10aorgano-functionalization of SBA-1510asolid acid-base catalysts1 aSrinivas, D.1 aRatnasamy, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/spectroscopic-and-catalytic-properties-sba-15-molecular-sieves-functionalized-acidic-and-001580nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006900125260006900194300001200263490000800275520085000283653002001133653003001153653002201183653001801205100002101223700002601244856010401270 2010 eng d a1385-894700aThermoneutral point analysis of ethanol dry autothermal reforming0 aThermoneutral point analysis of ethanol dry autothermal reformin aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcDEC a864-8730 v1653 a

{Dry autothermal reforming of ethanol can be used to produce a variety of value added products like hydrogen, syngas and also carbon (possible CNF). A thermodynamic analysis of dry autothermal reforming of ethanol has been carried out to locate the thermoneutral temperatures and product composition at those points at 1, 3, 6 and 9 bar reaction pressures. The variations of thermoneutral temperatures and individual product yields at those temperatures have been discussed to find the optimum operating parameters for desired product output from the process. The process operated at thermoneutral conditions can give useful products like hydrogen, syngas (of low ratio) and carbon (possibly CNFs) and also provide a way for CO2 sequestration using renewable ethanol fuel. A maximum of 2.58 moles of syngas of ratio 2.01 obtained at 1 bar

10aCO2 utilization10aDry autothermal reforming10aEthanol reforming10aThermoneutral1 aKale, Ganesh, R.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermoneutral-point-analysis-ethanol-dry-autothermal-reforming-001588nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006800124260010600192300001400298490000700312520080900319653002001128653002001148653001701168653002001185653002001205100002101225700002601246856009801272 2013 eng d a0360-319900aHydrogen generation with CO2 utilization: a solvay cluster study0 aHydrogen generation with CO2 utilization a solvay cluster study aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcFEB a2624-26330 v383 a

The fuel cell economy is yet to start research programs in hydrogen generation with CO2 utilization for hydrocarbon reforming processes used in fuel processor applications. A simple thermodynamic study using solvay clusters was done to investigate the feasibility of using the carbon species produced in the steam methane reforming process to produce value added chemicals. The results of this study are highly encouraging to start process development of closed systems of hydrogen generation with CO2 conversion to acetic acid/acrylic acid making easier the commercialization of fuel cells and hydrogen energy. Such studies can be specifically carried out for different fuel processor systems. Copyright (C) 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aCO2 utilization10aFuel processing10aGibbs energy10aSolvay clusters10aSteam reforming1 aKale, Ganesh, R.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogen-generation-co2-utilization-solvay-cluster-study-002036nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260007300203300001200276490000700288520122000295653002001515653002201535653001901557653002601576653002401602100002101626700002601647700002101673856011201694 2014 eng d a1876-107000aCombined gasification of lignite coal: thermodynamic and application study0 aCombined gasification of lignite coal thermodynamic and applicat aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN a163-1730 v453 a

Combined gasification (a combination of steam gasification and CO2 gasification) without air is an important process for research in coal gasification to reduce the steam generation energy in the gasification system and also to enhance the slow CO2 gasification reaction. A thermodynamic study involving the effect of temperature, pressure and feed CO2 and steam ratios in gasification of lignite coal was studied in this paper. The product generation trends of syngas and methane with carbon (in coal) conversion were studied in detail. The carbon (in lignite coal) was converted completely at a lower temperature than pure carbon in the combined gasification. Some applications of the gasifier product gas were also studied. Combined gasification offers great advantages to produce syngas of exact ratio in one step for use in petrochemical manufacture and fuel cell systems. The complete carbon (in coal) conversion occurred beyond the thermoneutral gasification temperature in the study. The combined gasification process was a useful way for CO2 utilization reducing the net CO2 emission to the atmosphere. (C) 2013 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCO2 utilization10aCoal gasification10aCoal to syngas10aCombined gasification10aThermodynamic study1 aKale, Ganesh, R.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, D.1 aChavan, Rank, N. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/combined-gasification-lignite-coal-thermodynamic-and-application-study-002079nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007300263300001200336490000800348520116000356653001901516653002001535653005001555653002501605653001801630653003601648100002001684700002101704856012401725 2014 eng d a0926-860X00aEffects of method of preparation on catalytic activity of Co-Zn double-metal cyanide catalysts for copolymerization of CO2 and epoxide0 aEffects of method of preparation on catalytic activity of CoZn d aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL a300-3080 v4823 a

Co-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes are well-known catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of epoxides and co-polymerization of CO2 and epoxides. This work provides an insight on structure-activity relationship of DMC for poly(cyclohexene carbonate) synthesis. Seven samples of DMC were prepared by different methods and mode of reagent addition. Highly active catalyst could be synthesized even without using a co-complexing agent. CO2 adsorption studies revealed that higher the guest-host interaction higher would be the catalytic activity. High density and strength of Lewis acid sites, moderate crystallinity, low crystal symmetry (rhombohedral/monoclinic), Cl- ions and coordinated tert.-butanol (complexing agent) control the catalytic activity for polycarbonates. Chloride in the structure avoided induction period by increasing acidity of the catalyst and thereby, improving the guest-host interactions. Polycarbonates with CO2 incorporation as high as 86 mol%, average molecular weight of 20900 and polydispersity index of 1.8 were prepared at complete conversion of cyclohexene oxide. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCarbon dioxide10aCO2 utilization10aCopolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide10aDouble-metal cyanide10aPolycarbonate10aStructure-activity relationship1 aSebastian, Joby1 aSrinivas, Darbha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effects-method-preparation-catalytic-activity-co-zn-double-metal-cyanide-catalysts-001964nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260010100237300001200338490000800350520108300358653002801441653002001469653003301489653002801522653002801550100002001578700002101598856012701619 2014 eng d a0974-362600aSolid, double-metal cyanide catalysts for synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters and aliphatic polycarbonates0 aSolid doublemetal cyanide catalysts for synthesis of hyperbranch aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbCatalysis Soc IndiacMAR a499-5090 v1263 a

Fe-Zn and Co-Zn double-metal cyanide (DMC) complexes exhibit highly efficient and selective catalytic activity for synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters (glycerol succinic acid (G-SA) and glycerol adipic acid (G-AA)) and aliphatic polycarbonates (via., alternative co-polymerization of cyclohexene oxide and CO2), respectively. The influence of method of preparation of DMC, in particular the mode of addition of reagents, on its physicochemical and catalytic properties was investigated. Co-Zn DMC was found highly selective for polycarbonate (than polyethers) formation. Catalysts prepared using tert-butanol and PEG-4000 as complexing and co-complexing agents, respectively, were found superior to those prepared without these agents. Apart from its role as a coordinating ligand, tert-butanol activated the Lewis acidic Zn2+ sites for reactions in polyester and polycarbonate formation. Hydrophobicity, micro-mesoporosity, acid strength and the amount of coordinated complexing agent are some of the crucial factors influenced the catalytic activity of DMC complexes.

10aaliphatic polycarbonate10aCO2 utilization10aDouble-metal cyanide complex10aheterogeneous catalysis10ahyperbranched polyester1 aSebastian, Joby1 aDarbha, Srinivas uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solid-double-metal-cyanide-catalysts-synthesis-hyperbranched-polyesters-and-aliphatic-002189nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245005700055210005700112260006700169300001200236490000600248520147100254653002501725653002001750653001801770653002201788653002601810100002101836700002601857856008801883 2014 eng d a1932-213500aThermoneutral conditions in dry reforming of ethanol0 aThermoneutral conditions in dry reforming of ethanol a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcMAR a196-2040 v93 a

The reaction enthalpy (Delta H) of reforming processes like steam and dry (CO2) reforming is of great importance for scale-up and process development. Generally, the reforming processes are considered endothermic in nature. However, a detailed study of the reaction enthalpy of reforming process, taking the example of dry reforming of ethanol considered in this study, reveals the existence of exothermic reaction enthalpy at low temperatures. A study of reaction enthalpy of ethanol dry reforming within pressure (1-10 bar), temperature range (300-900 degrees C), and CO2 to carbon in ethanol ratio (CCER 1-5) was initiated to determine the existence of thermoneutral temperatures for the overall reaction. The variation of thermoneutral conditions and product yields at the thermoneutral temperatures was studied. The utilization potential of the products generated at thermoneutral conditions was also evaluated. The low-pressure thermoneutral operation favored higher hydrogen production, lower methane and water formation, whereas the high-pressure thermoneutral operation favored product gas of lower syngas ratio with higher CO2 conversion (utilization) in the process. The study can be extended to steam and dry reforming of other fuels to generate valuable products at thermoneutral conditions avoiding use of air in the process and subsequent N-2 dilution of the product gas. (c) 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

10acarbon nanofilaments10aCO2 utilization10aDry reforming10aethanol to syngas10athermoneutral process1 aKale, Ganesh, R.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, D. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermoneutral-conditions-dry-reforming-ethanol-001775nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260007300258300001200331490000800343520094400351653002001295653004101315653002501356653001801381100002001399700002101419856012901440 2015 eng d a0926-860X00aFactors influencing catalytic activity of Co-Zn double-metal cyanide complexes for alternating polymerization of epoxides and CO20 aFactors influencing catalytic activity of CoZn doublemetal cyani aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcOCT a163-1720 v5063 a

Co-Zn double-metal cyanides (DMCs) show good catalytic activity towards copolymerization of epoxides and CO2. A deep insight into the structural aspects of the catalysts that control their catalytic performance is addressed in this work. Method of preparation of DMC catalysts was found to have influence on their structure, which in turn dictated their catalytic activity. Complexing agent (t-BuOH) and density of strong acid sites of DMC catalysts were found critical factors responsible for their activity. Selectivity of DMC towards polycarbonates depends on the amount of alkali ion content in their composition. Induction period of the catalysts was governed by the strength of acid sites and by the presence of dispersed ZnCl2 in the composition. This study provides an understanding of the prime features of DMC catalysts that can be tuned for high productivity of polycarbonates. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aCO2 utilization10aCopolymerization of epoxides and CO210aDouble-metal cyanide10aPolycarbonate1 aSebastian, Joby1 aSrinivas, Darbha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/factors-influencing-catalytic-activity-co-zn-double-metal-cyanide-complexes-alternating-001538nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260000900235300001200244490000700256520072700263653002300990653002001013653002201033653001301055100003001068700003201098700002301130700002801153856012701181 2015 eng d a1566-736700aSupported imidazole as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO20 aSupported imidazole as heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis  cJAN  a201-2050 v593 a

Imidazole anchored onto a silica matrix, by means of a propyl linkage, is found to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 in near quantitative yield. The versatility of this catalyst is demonstrated by using different substrates (epichlorohydrin, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide) for this cycloaddition reaction. These CO2 insertion reactions were typically carried out in the temperature range of 343 to 403 K at 0.6 MPa CO2 pressure under solvent-free conditions. Several spectroscopic methods were used to characterize the catalyst and study the integrity of the fresh and spent catalysts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aAnchored imidazole10aCO2 utilization10acyclic carbonates10aepoxides1 aSankar, Meenakshisundaram1 aAjithkumar, Thalasseril, G.1 aSankar, Gopinathan1 aManikandan, Palanichamy uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supported-imidazole-heterogeneous-catalyst-synthesis-cyclic-carbonates-epoxides-and-co201906nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260010200235300001200337490000800349520106200357653002401419653001001443653002001453653002301473653002801496100002101524700002101545856012201566 2016 eng d a0974-362600aDirect synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol over CeO2 catalysts of different morphologies0 aDirect synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol ove aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACAD SCIENCEScJUN a957-9650 v1283 a

The direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and methanol is an attractive approach towards conversion of the greenhouse gas - CO2 into value-added chemicals and fuels. Ceria (CeO2) catalyzes this reaction. But the conversion efficiency of CeO2 is enhanced when the byproduct water in the reaction medium is separated by employing trapping agents like 2-cyanopyridine (2-CP). In this work, the influence of morphology of CeO2 on the direct synthesis of DMC in presence of 2-CP is reported. CeO2 catalysts of cube, rod, spindle and irregular morphology (Ce - C, Ce - R, Ce - S and Ce - N, respectively) were prepared, characterized and studied as catalysts in the said reaction conducted in a batch mode. Among all, Ce - S shows superior catalytic performance with nearly 100 mol% of DMC selectivity. Catalytic activity correlates with the concentration of acid and base sites of medium strength as well as defect sites. Ce - S has an optimum number of these active sites and thereby shows superior catalytic performance.

10aacid-base catalysis10aceria10aCO2 utilization10aDimethyl carbonate10ainfluence of morphology1 aUnnikrishnan, P.1 aDarbha, Srinivas uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/direct-synthesis-dimethyl-carbonate-co2-and-methanol-over-ceo2-catalysts-different01902nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260000800222300001100230490000800241520108800249653002001337653001601357653001701373653002601390653002001416100001601436700001101452700001801463700002201481700001501503856013001518 2022 eng d a0016-236100aProtophilic solvent-impelled quasi-catalytic CO2 valorization to formic acid and N-formamides0 aProtophilic solventimpelled quasicatalytic CO2 valorization to f cOCT a1250740 v3263 a

As a low-price and luxuriant C1 sustainable resource, CO2 has the privilege of synthesizing hydrogen carriers and valuable chemicals. However, expensive metallic and organic catalysts are often indispensable for going on wheels of the relevant reaction processes. In this work, a protophilic solvent-impelled quasi-catalytic system was developed for efficient synthesis of formic acid and various N-formamides with high yields of 76-94% via reductive CO2 functionalization under mild reaction conditions (50 ?). Direct activation of the liquid hydrosilane toward the reduction of CO2 enabled by DMSO with optimum basicity/protophilicity is the predominant reaction route among the examined interaction models, while carbonic acid potentially derived from excessive CO2 and residual water inhibits the reaction, as explicitly disclosed by theoretical calculations and isotope labeling experiments. In addition, the in situ formed O-formyl species is conductive to the cascade CO2 reduction steps, which remarkably facilitated the overall quasi-catalytic upgrading process.

10aCO2 utilization10aFormic acid10aGreen energy10aNitrogenous chemicals10aQuasi-catalysis1 aWu, Hongguo1 aLi, Hu1 aZhao, Wenfeng1 aSudarsanam, Putla1 aYang, Song uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/protophilic-solvent-impelled-quasi-catalytic-co2-valorization-formic-acid-and-n-formamides