02134nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245013000055210006900185260007900254300001200333490000800345520113900353653002701492653001401519653001601533653002601549653003201575653001601607100002501623700002801648700002301676700002001699700002001719856012901739       2005                        eng d  a1096-495900aUnraveling biochemical properties of cockroach (Periplaneta americana) proteinases with a gel X-ray film contact print method0 aUnraveling biochemical properties of cockroach Periplaneta ameri  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcJUL  a261-2660 v1413 a<p>Eleven proteinase activity bands were detected in American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) gut. These were partially purified and characterized using a gel X-ray film contact print method. Cockroach gut proteinases (CGPs) show activity over a broad range of pH with maximum activity between pH 6 and 10, and optimal activity at 50-70 degrees C. CGPs were partially purified by preparative gel electrophoresis and analyzed using synthetic substrates and inhibitors. Four of the proteases exhibited chymotrypsin-like (C1 to C4) activity and seven trypsin-like (T I to T7) activity. Accuracy of the gel X-ray film contact print method is confirmed by including bovine chymotrypsin in CGP analysis. Inhibition of CGPs with different plant proteinaceous proteinase inhibitors allowed identification of potential CGP inhibitors. Our results imply that presence of several CGP activity bands, and their stability and activity over a broad pH and temperature range might contribute to adaptation of P americana to extreme environmental conditions and the polyphagous nature of the species. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aactivity visualization10acockroach10agut enzymes10aPeriplaneta americana10aplant proteinase inhibitors10aProteinases1 aHivrale, Vandana, K.1 aChougule, Nanasaheb, P.1 aChhabda, Pavan, J.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aKachole, M., S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unraveling-biochemical-properties-cockroach-periplaneta-americana-proteinases-gel-x-ray-002551nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260010600215300001200321490000700333520162700340653002301967653000901990653003201999653001902031653001602050100002402066700002202090700002802112700002102140700002002161856011602181       2009                        eng d  a0022-191000aResponses of midgut amylases of Helicoverpa armigera to feeding on various host plants0 aResponses of midgut amylases of Helicoverpa armigera to feeding   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAUG  a663-6700 v553 a<p>Midgut digestive amylases and proteinases of Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous and devastating insect pest of economic importance have been studied. We also identified the potential of a sorghum amylase inhibitor against H. armigera midgut amylase. Amylase activities were detected in all the larval instars, pupae, moths and eggs; early instars had lower amylase levels which steadily increased up to the sixth larval instar. Qualitative and quantitative differences in midgut amylases of H. amigera upon feeding on natural and artificial diets were evident. Natural diets were categorized as one or more members of legumes, vegetables, flowers and cereals belonging to different plant families. Amylase activity and isoform patterns varied depending on host plant and/or artificial diet. Artificial diet-fed H. armigera larvae had comparatively high amylase activity and several unique amylase isoforms. Correlation of amylase and proteinase activities of H. armigera with the protein and carbohydrate content of various diets suggested that H. armigera regulates the levels of these digestive enzymes in response to macromolecular composition of the diet. These adjustments in the digestive enzymes of H. armigera may be to obtain better nourishment from the diet and avoid toxicity due to nutritional imbalance. H. armigera, a generalist feeder experiences a great degree of nutritional heterogeneity in its diet. An investigation of the differences in enzyme levels in response to macronutrient balance and imbalance highlight their importance in insect nutrition. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAmylase inhibitors10aDiet10aHelicoverpa armigera larvae10aMidgut amylase10aProteinases1 aKotkar, Hemlata, M.1 aSarate, Priya, J.1 aTamhane, Vaijayanti, A.1 aGupta, Vidya, S.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/responses-midgut-amylases-helicoverpa-armigera-feeding-various-host-plants-0