03201nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149260006700218300001400285490000700299520215700306653000602463653001602469653005502485653002202540653002702562653004802589653001802637653003602655653002402691653003102715653001202746100001502758700001602773856012202789 2005 eng d a0887-624X00aNovel tridentate nitrogen donor as ligand in copper catalyzed ATRP of methyl methacrylate0 aNovel tridentate nitrogen donor as ligand in copper catalyzed AT a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcNOV a4996-50080 v433 a

A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6-bis[1-(2,6-diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/''living'' radical polymerization of MXU at 90 degrees C in toluene as solvent, (CuBr)-Br-I as catalyst, and ethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well-defined polymers with polydispersities M-W/M-n <= 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first-order kinetics, k(app) = 3.4 x 10(-5) s(-1), indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] <= 10(-8)) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand-to-metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90 degrees C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (M-n,M-SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (M-n,M-Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., <= 1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed. with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50 degrees C the PDI is 1.18 (Ma = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of In kapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (Delta E-app(not equal)) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (Delta H-eq(0)) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10a210a6-bis [1-(210a6-diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine (BPIEP)10aActivation energy10aapparent rate constant10aAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)10adiphenylether10aethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB)10amethyl methacrylate10apolydispersity index (PDI)10aToluene1 aMittal, A.1 aSivaram, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-tridentate-nitrogen-donor-ligand-copper-catalyzed-atrp-methyl-methacrylate-102067nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007300229300001200302490000800314520122600322653002101548653001201569653001501581653002401596653001201620100001901632700002301651700003301674856013001707 2007 eng d a1381-116900aButylation of toluene: influence of zeolite structure and acidity on 4-tert-butyltoluene selectivity0 aButylation of toluene influence of zeolite structure and acidity aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR a109-1160 v2653 a

Vapour phase alkylation of toluene with tert-butyl alcohol was studied over the large pore zeolites H beta, HY and HMCM-22. The influence of the acidity, reaction temperature, run duration, feed rate (WHSV) and molar ratio of the reactants on conversion of toluene and selectivity for 4-tertbutyl toluene was studied. Among the isomers formed during the reaction, the para-isomer was the predominant one, followed by the meta-isomer, while no ortho-isomer was found in the products due to steric factors. 4-tert-Butyl toluene selectivity decreases at higher temperatures, while going through a maximum in the 413-433 K temperature range. Zeolite HY with a high silica to alumina ratio (SiO2/Al2O3 = 80), that has strong acidity, but lower acid site density, possesses high activity for toluene conversion, high alkylation selectivity and also high para-selectivity. The improved para-selectivity of high silica HY zeolite is attributed to the low isomerization activity that results in the suppression of the secondary isomerization of 4-tert-butyl toluene. Both alkylation and selectivity are higher with feed mixtures containing a lower fraction of tert-butyl alcohol. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10a4-t-butyltoluene10aAcidity10abutylation10alarge pore zeolites10aToluene1 aPai, Shivanand1 aGupta, Upendranath1 aChilukuri, Satyanarayana, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/butylation-toluene-influence-zeolite-structure-and-acidity-4-tert-butyltoluene-selectivity01206nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006500121260008900186300001200275490000700287520045600294653001600750653002300766653001200789653001400801653001200815100002000827700001700847700001700864856009500881 2009 eng d a0022-445600aEntrainer for batch distillation of acetic acid -water system0 aEntrainer for batch distillation of acetic acid water system aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONcOCT a871-8750 v683 a

Acetic acid-water system (AW) poses a challenge in reactive distillation, acetic acid purity and loss of acetic acid in aqueous solutions. Feasible separation of AW has been studied using entrainers but acetic acid loss in lean phase cannot be avoided. This study presents feasible region to operate column with toluene and benzene as entrainer for AW. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data and nature of tie line for ethyl acetate are given priority.

10aAcetic acid10aBatch distillation10aBenzene10aEntrainer10aToluene1 aGadekar, S., V.1 aNaik, R., V.1 aKaul, S., N. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/entrainer-batch-distillation-acetic-acid-water-system-002040nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000900271300001400280490000700294520113500301653001201436653000801448653000901456653001301465653001201478653001201490100002601502700002501528700002401553700002201577700001901599700002001618856012401638 2023 eng d a0149-639500aLiquid-liquid equilibria of ternary mixtures containing Aniline plus Toluene plus water at elevated temperatures: measurements and correlation0 aLiquidliquid equilibria of ternary mixtures containing Aniline p cNOV  a2718-27250 v583 a

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary system, Aniline + Toluene + Water, was measured at different temperatures of 298.15 K, 313.15 K and 323.15 K under atmospheric pressure with the help of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and Karl-Fischer technique. The efficiency of Toluene to extract Aniline from aqueous phase was then quantified in terms of the distribution coefficient and separation factor based on the tie line data. The system showed very good separation ability quantified in terms of high values of distribution factor (average around 7) and separation factors (as high as 1000). The experimental tie line data was verified by Hand and Othmer-Tobias equations. The LLE data was also correlated using NRTL and UNIQUAC models and both of them were able to represent the behavior of the system accurately when tested against experimental results. Toluene has been demonstrated to be very efficient to extract Aniline from reaction mixture, which is typically a by-product in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, a process commercially used to produce p-Aminophenol in industry.

10aAniline10aLLE10aNRTL10aTie line10aToluene10aUNIQUAC1 aGaikwad, Shashank, G.1 aPathak, Abhishek, A.1 aMote, Dhananjay, R.1 aGogate, Parag, R.1 aSingh, Shivani1 aModhera, Bharat uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/liquid-liquid-equilibria-ternary-mixtures-containing-aniline-plus-toluene-plus-water