02576nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260006900202300001200271490000700283520148100290653002001771653001801791653002801809653001401837653002501851653001601876100002901892700002701921700002601948700002001974700002301994700002502017700001902042700002602061700002702087700003402114856010202148       2008                        eng d  a1369-703X00aEffect of hydrodynamic cavitation on zooplankton: a tool for disinfection0 aEffect of hydrodynamic cavitation on zooplankton a tool for disi  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcDEC  a320-3280 v423 a<p>Application of hydrodynamic cavitation for disinfection of water is gaining momentum, as it provides environmentally and economically sound options. In this effort, the effect of cavitating conditions created by differential pump valve opening and that created by flowing through a cavitating element (orifice plates) on the microbes (zooplankton in sea water) is described. The experimental results are compared with modelling of cavitating conditions that includes cavity dynamics, turbulence generated by individual oscillating cavity, cell wall strength and geometrical and operating parameters of cavitation device. Theoretical model for quantifying the cavitationally generated turbulent shear and extent of microbial disinfection has been developed. Experimental results indicated that cavitation and/or turbulent fluid shear dominantly originating from cavitation are effective tools for sea water disinfection as more than 80% of the zooplankton present in the sea water were killed. It was also observed that shock waves generated due to cavitation is not the sole cause for zooplankton disruption. A correct physical mechanism accounting fluid turbulence and shear, generated from stable oscillation of cavity, significantly contribute towards the disruption. Further refinement of the model presented will serve as a basis for higher degree of disinfection and provide a practical tool for sea water disinfection. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCell disruption10aheat transfer10aHydrodynamic cavitation10aModelling10aWastewater treatment10aZooplankton1 aSawant, Subhash, Shivram1 aAnil, Arga, Chandrashe1 aKrishnamurthy, Venkat1 aGaonkar, Chetan1 aKolwalkar, Janhavi1 aKhandeparker, Lidita1 aDesai, Dattesh1 aMahulkar, Amit, Vinod1 aRanade, Vivek, Vinayak1 aPandit, Aniruddha, Balchandra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-hydrodynamic-cavitation-zooplankton-tool-disinfection-002300nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260007900228300001200307490000700319520138300326653001601709653001401725653001601739653001301755653002501768100002201793700003201815700002401847700002101871700002201892856013201914       2016                        eng d  a2194-574800aDifferentiating process performance of various coagulants in removal of congo red and orange G dyes0 aDifferentiating process performance of various coagulants in rem  aGENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANYbWALTER DE GRUYTER GMBHcFEB  a195-2110 v143 a<p>Two refractory azo dyes-Congo red and Orange G, especially at high concentrations were subjected to coagulation with different conventional coagulants and newer formulations developed from Aluminum sulfate, Iron (III) chloride, Aluminium chloride, Poly diallydimethylammonium chloride (Poly DADMAC) and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC). The highest COD reduction of 99 % was obtained with PAC SAB 18 (Powder Grade PAC) for Congo red at pH 4.5 while the color removal of 99 % was achieved with almost all the coagulants in the present study at specific pH within 3-8. The optimum dose for the iron-based coagulant is 200 mg/L while that of aluminum-based coagulants and PAC is 150-200 mg/L. Results showed that Orange G was more difficult to remove with a maximum COD removal of 65 % and 35 % color removal using various formulations. The combinational formulations of inorganic-inorganic and inorganic- organic produced a substantial enhancement in COD and color removal and reduced sludge. PAC-Fe30/70 produces the minimum sludge of 50 mL/g on Congo red. pH in the range 3-9 showed high reductions in COD and color (90-99 %) for Congo red while jerky rise in COD and color reduction was observed in the case of Orange G after pH 9. An attempt to understand the dye coagulation mechanism has been made based on the specific difference in dye structure and cation speciation.</p>10acoagulation10aCongo red10adye removal10aOrange G10aWastewater treatment1 aPrajapati, Kavita1 aSorokhaibam, Laxmi, Gayatri1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.1 aKilledar, D., J.1 aRanade, Vivek, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/differentiating-process-performance-various-coagulants-removal-congo-red-and-orange-g-dyes-002784nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011900055210006900174260010600243300001200349490000800361520183000369653002202199653002002221653002402241653001002265653002502275653004402300100002202344700002302366700002702389856012602416       2016                        eng d  a0045-653500aEfficacy of zero-valent copper (Cu-0) nanoparticles and reducing agents for dechlorination of mono chloroaromatics0 aEfficacy of zerovalent copper Cu0 nanoparticles and reducing age  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcSEP  a359-3660 v1593 a<p>The zero-valent copper (Cu-0) nanoparticles were prepared by chemical reduction method. The morphology of nanoparticles was investigated by using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X ray, UV-visible spectrophotometer and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyser. The Cu-0 nanoparticles along with reducing agents, NaBH4/5% acidified alcohol were used for the dechlorination of chloroaromatics at room temperature. Chlorobenzene (Cl-B), chlorotoluene (Cl-T), chloropyridine (Cl-Py) and chlorobiphenyl (Cl-BPh) were selected as the contaminants. The effect of various operating parameters such as pH, concentration of the catalyst and reducing agent (NaBH4), and recycling of the catalyst on dechlorination were studied. Nearly complete dechlorination of all the chloroaromatics were achieved in the presence of Cu-0 nanoparticles (2.5 g L-1) and NaBH4 (1.0 g L-1.) within 12 h. On the contrary, approximately 70% of dechlorination was observed in the presence of 5% acidified alcohol at similar experimental conditions. The dechlorination mechanism highlighted the importance of Cu-0 nanoparticles as a surface mediator. The kinetics of the dechlorination of chloroaromatics was investigated and compared with chloroaliphatics. The dechlorination rate differed from 0.23 h(-1) (Cl-B) to 0.15 h(-1) (Cl-BPh) in the presence of Cu-0 nanoparticles and NaBH4. The effectiveness of Cu nanoparticles with NaBH4 (1 g L-1) and 5% acidified alcohol as electron donors were studied by oxidation-reduction potential and observed to be -1016 mV and -670 mV, respectively. Final products of the dechlorination were benzene, toluene, pyridine and biphenyl, as identified by gas chromatograph mass spectrometer and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAcidified alcohol10aChloroAromatics10aHydrodechlorination10aNaBH410aWastewater treatment10aZero-valent copper (Cu-0) nanoparticles1 aRaut, Sandesh, S.1 aKamble, Sanjay, P.1 aKulkarni, Prashant, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficacy-zero-valent-copper-cu-0-nanoparticles-and-reducing-agents-dechlorination-mono01441nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260008600248300001600334490000700350520055900357653001500916653001600931653001800947653001900965653002500984100002301009700002701032700002601059856012601085       2016                        eng d  a1944-399400aUtilization of banana peel for the removal of benzoic and salicylic acid from aqueous solutions and its potential reuse0 aUtilization of banana peel for the removal of benzoic and salicy  a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcJUN  a12717-127290 v573 a<p>We report on the adsorptive removal of benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) using banana peel (BP), an abundantly available agricultural waste material, for the first time. BP was characterized by proximate analysis, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, BET surface area, and XRF. The number of basic sites on BP (4.9mmolg(-1)) is relatively more than acidic sites (0.75mmolg(-1)). The Langmuir uptake capacity values obtained are 6.62mgg(-1) for BA and 9.80mgg(-1) for SA. A mechanism for binding acid molecule to the BP surface is proposed.</p>10aAdsorption10aBanana peel10aBenzoic acids10aSalicylic acid10aWastewater treatment1 aPathak, Pranav, D.1 aMandavgane, Sachin, A.1 aKulkarni, Bhaskar, D.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/utilization-banana-peel-removal-benzoic-and-salicylic-acid-aqueous-solutions-and-its-002647nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000900244300001200253490000800265520177000273653001502043653001702058653001302075653001402088653002502102100001602127700002402143700002102167700002202188700002202210700002502232856012402257       2019                        eng d  a0301-479700aHydrodynamic cavitation using vortex diode: an efficient approach for elimination of pathogenic bacteria from water0 aHydrodynamic cavitation using vortex diode an efficient approach  cJUL   a210-2190 v2423 a<p>The present study successfully demonstrates greener methodology of hydrodynamic cavitation using rotational flows for disinfection of water. Disinfection of two model microbial strains-gram-negative (Escherichia colt) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) using vortex diode was evaluated. The removal efficacy was quantified for two different cavitation reactors. Practically complete elimination of E. coli was achieved (99%) after 1 h of cavitation at a pressure drop of only 0.5 bar. However, elimination of S. aureus using vortex diode was observed to be lower in comparison to the removal of E. coli and only 60% disinfection could be achieved under similar conditions, which can be subsequently enhanced up to 98% by increasing pressure drop. The results were compared with another cavitating device that employs linear flow for cavitation, orifice. The reactor geometry has significant impact on the disinfection process and orifice was found to require significantly higher pressure drop (10 bar) conditions for disinfection and for eliminating grain-positive bacteria with high efficiency. A plausible mechanism for disinfection was proposed to elucidate the role of cavitation in cell destruction leading to death of cells through the rupture of cell wall, oxidative damage and possible DNA denaturation. Also, a cavitation model using per pass disinfection was developed that can provide meaningful physical description of the disinfection process as against the conventional first order reaction rate model. This study would provide meaningful insight into cavitation process based on hydrodynamic cavitation for the destruction of both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria from various water sources, including industrial wastewaters.</p>
10aCavitation10aDisinfection10akinetics10apollution10aWastewater treatment1 aJain, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.1 aBalapure, Kshama1 aJena, Jyotsnarani1 aRanade, Vivek, V.1 aKilledar, Deepak, J.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrodynamic-cavitation-using-vortex-diode-efficient-approach-elimination-pathogenic02964nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001100259490000700270520214700277653001802424653001502442653001702457653000802474653002502482100001902507700002402526700002102550700002202571856012902593       2020                        eng d  a1350-417700aNovel hybrid cavitation process for enhancing and altering rate of disinfection by use of natural oils derived from plants0 aNovel hybrid cavitation process for enhancing and altering rate   cMAR  a1048200 v613 a<p>The present study is an attempt to improvise the hydrodynamic cavitation methodology for effective disinfection of water and also to suggest prototype development for practical application. The enhancement in the disinfection efficiency was evaluated specifically for the effect of pressure, temperature, pH, microbial inoculum size and also on effect of different additives for the two model microbial strains, gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The efficacy of the hydrodynamic cavitation is evaluated for the two types of flows/cavitation devices - linear flow in the case of orifice and vortex flow for vortex diode. The vortex diode requires significantly lower pressures, 50% lower as compared to orifice for the similar extent of disinfection. While the bacterial disinfection at high temperature is known, the usefulness of hydrodynamic cavitation is especially evident at ambient conditions and the process is effective even at very high concentrations of bacteria, not reported so far. The reactor geometry also has significant effect on the disinfection. The present study, for the first time, reports possible use of different natural oils such as castor oil, cinnamon oil, eucalyptus oil and clove oil in conjunction with hydrodynamic cavitation. The nature of oil modifies the cavitation behavior and an order of magnitude enhancement in the cavitation rate was observed for the two oils, eucalyptus and clove oil for a very small concentration of 0.1%. The increased rates of disinfection, of the order of 2-4 folds, using oil can drastically reduce the time of operation and consequently reduce cost of disinfection. A possible mechanism is proposed for the effect of oil and hydrodynamic cavitation in cell destruction through the rupture of cell wall, oxidative damage and possible DNA denaturation. A cavitation model using per pass disinfection was used to correlate the data. The increased efficiency using oils and possible benefits of the developed process, where natural oils can be perceived as biocatalysts, can have significant advantages in practical applications.</p>
10aAntimicrobial10aCavitation10aDisinfection10aOil10aWastewater treatment1 aMane, Maya, B.1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.1 aBalapure, Kshama1 aRanade, Vivek, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-hybrid-cavitation-process-enhancing-and-altering-rate-disinfection-use-natural-oils02683nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260000800231300001100239490000700250520191300257653001702170653001502187653001402202653001402216653002502230100002202255700002402277700002202301856013002323       2021                        eng d  a1350-417700aImproving efficiency for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewaters using hydrodynamic cavitation0 aImproving efficiency for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from was  cJAN  a1053060 v703 a<p>The present study reports significant improvements in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater which is an important problem for many industries such as dyes and pigment, distilleries and fisheries. Pilot plant studies (capacity, 1 m(3)/h) on synthetic wastewater using 4-amino phenol as model nitrogen containing organic compound and two real industrial effluents of high ammoniacal nitrogen content were carried out using hydrodynamic cavitation. Two reactor geometries were evaluated for increased efficiency in removal-orifice and vortex diode. Effect of initial concentration (100-500 mg/L), effect of pressure drop (0.5-5 bar) and nature of cavitating device (linear and vortex flow for cavitation) were evaluated along with effect of salt content, effect of hydrogen peroxide addition and aeration. Initial concentration was found to have significant impact on the extent of removal: similar to 5 g/m(3) removal for initial concentration of 100 mg/L and up to 12 g/m(3) removal at high concentration of 500 mg/L. Interestingly, significant improvement of the order of magnitude (up to 8 times) in removal of ammoniacal nitrogen could be obtained by sparging air or oxygen in hydrodynamic cavitation and a very high removal of above 80% could be achieved. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen by vortex diode was also found to be effective in the industrial wastewaters and results on two different effluent samples of distillery industry indicated up to 75% removal, though with longer time of treatment compared to that of synthetic wastewater. The developed methodology of hydrodynamic cavitation technology with aeration and vortex diode as a cavitating device was found to be highly effective for improving the efficiency of the conventional cavitation methods and hence can be highly useful in industrial wastewater treatment, specifically for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen.</p>
10aAmino phenol10aCavitation10aOxidation10apollution10aWastewater treatment1 aPatil, Pravin, B.1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.1 aRanade, Vivek, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/improving-efficiency-removal-ammoniacal-nitrogen-wastewaters-using-hydrodynamic-cavitation02381nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260000900208300001100217490000800228520148700236653001201723653001701735653002701752653002501779653001201804100001801816700002301834700002801857700002101885700001701906700001801923700001901941700002201960856010901982       2022                        eng d  a0926-669000aCrystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass with oral toxicity analysis0 aCrystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass with oral to  cNOV   a1154070 v1873 a<p>
	Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, has a steady global market and finds application as a natural sugar substitute in various food and confectionery products. Biocatalytic xylitol production, although touted as a greener alternative to conventional chemical catalysis, suffers from certain challenges, the primary being high cost of production. This study demonstrates a process for food-grade xylitol production from corncob biomass with energy reduction through two major process modifications. A non-conventional fermentation strategy was adopted whereby adjusting aeration without agitation, xylitol with high yield (0.86 +/- 0.015 g/g), and productivity (0.74 gL(-1)h(-1)) could be produced by a GRAS Pichia caribbica MTCC 5703 strain. Xylitol was recovered from the broth in the form of crystals using a combination of membrane-based filtration and crystallization. The crystals demonstrated similar to 98 % purity when quantified with H-1 NMR. Oral toxicity analysis of the crystals demonstrated no adverse effect in female Winstar rats (at a loading of 2000 mg/kg body weight of animals). Overall process statistics showed that 0.584 kg of food-grade xylitol crystals could be produced from 3.5 kg of corncob biomass. The two-process modifications during fermentation and xylitol recovery enabled an energy saving of similar to 20.842 kW/kg of crystals, providing tremendous advantages for biorefinery-based large-scale xylitol production from corncob biomass.</p>
10aBiomass10aFermentation10aOral toxicity analysis10aWastewater treatment10axylitol1 aAhuja, Vishal1 aDasgupta, Diptarka1 aKshirsagar, Siddheshwar1 aGhosh, Prasenjit1 aMore, Snehal1 aGupta, Piyush1 aBehera, Babita1 aBhaskar, Thallada  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystalline-xylitol-production-corncob-biomass-oral-toxicity-analysis02171nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001100224490000800235520144300243653002401686653001901710653001401729653002501743100001701768700002001785700002401805856012401829       2022                        eng d  a0255-270100aDegradation of API pollutants using hydrodynamic cavitation and process intensification0 aDegradation of API pollutants using hydrodynamic cavitation and   cFEB  a1087990 v1723 aDegradation of Naproxen, a common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug as a model compound, has been reported using hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and process intensification. Two types of cavitating devices, vortex diode that employs vortex flow and a conventional linear flow based device, orifice have been investigated for their effectiveness in degradation. Process intensification was carried out by employing simple aeration and also by addition of oxidising agent, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Vortex diode required significantly lower pressure drop (1.5 bar) compared to the orifice (5 bar). A high extent of degradation, 67%, was possible using the process intensification; representing a very high enhancement, to an extent of more than 200%, by combining HC+H2O2. The degradation of naproxen progresses via intermediates formation and intermediates also eventually get gradually degraded. The kinetics of degradation was evaluated using per pass degradation model and for the different approaches, confirming higher per-pass degradation in the vortex diode and for the process intensification. The cavitational yield in HC+H2O2+aeration using vortex diode (23.4 × 10−5 mg/J) was ∼ 5 times greater than that for orifice (4.5 × 10−5 mg/J). The present study clearly highlights utility of process intensification approach for the degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) pollutants for increased efficacy.10aNaproxen: Oxidation10aPharmaceutical10apollution10aWastewater treatment1 aDixit, Divya1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/degradation-api-pollutants-using-hydrodynamic-cavitation-and-process-intensification02279nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260000800239300001200247490000800259520149000267653002401757653001801781653001601799653001401815653002501829100002201854700002001876700002401896856012901920       2022                        eng d  a0263-876200aIntensified hydrodynamic cavitation using vortex flow based cavitating device for degradation of ciprofloxacin0 aIntensified hydrodynamic cavitation using vortex flow based cavi  cNOV  a623-6320 v1873 a<p>
	The present work, for the first time, establishes degradation behavior of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used fluoroquinolone group of antibiotics, using vortex flow based hydro-dynamic cavitation (HC) for low to high concentrations of CIP (10 and 100 mg/L). Effect of pressure on the degradation of CIP and TOC reduction was investigated on pilot plant scale (capacity 1 m3/h). Process intensifications using aeration as well as hydrogen per-oxide (H2O2) were also investigated. While aeration did not yield any significant en-hancement, process intensification using H2O2 resulted in similar to 200% enhancement in the CIP degradation as compared to HC alone. Excellent degradations, to an extent of 79 &amp; 95%, were achieved corresponding to high cavitational yields of 7.2 x 10-4 mg/J and 86.8 x 10-4 mg/J for CIP concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively using the process intensified approach of HC and H2O2, not reported so far for cavitating devices without moving ele-ments. The developed methodology demonstrated 4-7 times improvement in per-pass degradation and low cost with high efficiency compared to the conventional cavitation. The results clearly highlight utility of the process intensified approach using H2O2 for the degradation of CIP even at high concentrations, specifically important for pharmaceutical industries requiring zero liquid discharge norms.(c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
10aAntibiotics removal10aciprofloxacin10aDegradation10aOxidation10aWastewater treatment1 aPatil, Pravin, B.1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/intensified-hydrodynamic-cavitation-using-vortex-flow-based-cavitating-device-degradation02494nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260000900230300001100239490000800250520173000258653002401988653002802012653001402040653002202054653002502076100002202101700002402123856012902147       2022                        eng d  a0301-479700aSolvent-assisted cavitation for enhanced removal of organic pollutants - degradation of 4-aminophenol0 aSolventassisted cavitation for enhanced removal of organic pollu  cJUN   a1148570 v3113 a<p>
	A new approach of solvent-assisted cavitation process was proposed for degradation of organic pollutants. The process envisages the use of suitable solvent as an additive, (1-5% v/V), in the conventional cavitation process to enhance the pollutant removal efficiency. A proof of concept was provided for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen with significantly improved efficiency using solvent-assisted hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) compared to conventional HC. The efficacy of the process was studied on a pilot plant scale (1 m(3)/h) and using vortex flow based vortex diode as a cavitating device. Degradation studies were carried out using a model pollutant, 4-amino phenol and four different solvents as additives, 1-octanol, cyclohexanol, 1-octane and toluene. Relatively polar solvents were found to increase the efficiency of the pollutant removal (&gt; 65%) and also increase the rates to an extent of more than 200%, compared to only HC. A very high removal of ammoniacal nitrogen, more than 90%, was obtained for solvents 1-octanol and cyclohexanol, indicating the importance of the selection of solvent. Per pass degradation model showed 3 to 4 times increase in the per pass degradation for polar solvents compared to cavitation alone. The results confirm no role of conventional solvent extraction and no specific contamination of wastewater due to the use of solvent as an additive in the process. Further, the cost was 2-3 times lower as compared to the conventional HC. The interesting observations in the proposed process can fuel further research to provide possible improvements in existing methodologies of wastewater treatment, in general, and for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen, in particular.</p>
10aAmmoniacal nitrogen10aHydrodynamic cavitation10aOxidation10aPollution Control10aWastewater treatment1 aPatil, Pravin, B.1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solvent-assisted-cavitation-enhanced-removal-organic-pollutants-degradation-4-aminophenol02273nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260000800264300001200272490000800284520146600292653002301758653001601781653001401797653001501811653002501826100001701851700002001868700002401888856013101912       2023                        eng d  a0263-876200aDual activity cavitation reactors for increased efficacy in degradation of refractory pollutants-A case study on cephalexin degradation0 aDual activity cavitation reactors for increased efficacy in degr  cAPR  a310-3220 v1923 a<p>
	The present work discloses a new form of cavitation processes using reactors of dual activity for increased efficiency. A proof of concept is established for the degradation of a refractory pollutant-cephalexin using both conventional and dual function cavitation reactors for the first time using acoustic and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC). A vortex diode as a cavitating device was employed for HC using aluminium as a non-catalytic and copper as dual function device for providing additional catalytic effect. The process in-tensification using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) coupled with the dual function devices was highly effective. A negligible degradation with only HC and 81% for HC coupled with H2O2 in 60 min for Al-vortex diode compared to 100% degradation in only 5 min for the copper device clearly demonstrates the order of magnitude enhancements establishing dual function due to catalytic activity. Also, pH modification (pH 11) yields enhancement over 300% for Cu-vortex diode. The use of dual function reactors drastically reduces H2O2 do-sage. The overall enhancements in the per pass degradation and cavitation yields were huge, similar to 3000% and 1450% respectively, highlighting the potential of the dual function ca-vitation reactors in real-life applications, not just for increased efficiencies but also for significantly reduced costs.(c) 2023 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
10aAdvanced oxidation10aDegradation10apollution10aTechnology10aWastewater treatment1 aDixit, Divya1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dual-activity-cavitation-reactors-increased-efficacy-degradation-refractory-pollutants-case02050nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260000800197490000800205520137000213653001501583653001401598653001401612653001501626653002501641100001701666700002001683700002401703856010501727       2023                        eng d  a0255-270100aEnhanced degradation of metformin using surface-coated vortex diodes0 aEnhanced degradation of metformin using surfacecoated vortex dio  cNOV0 v1933 a<p>The present work successfully demonstrates, for the first time, complete degradation of metformin using newer surface-coated vortex diode (SCVD) with copper and nickel coating to provide catalytic activity in the conventional hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for significantly enhanced degradation efficiency. The SCVDs have dual functionality and the efficacy of catalytic cavitation reactors get enhanced using process intensifications of the type H2O2 addition, pH modification, and combined approach of HC+ pH+ H2O2 apart from the advantage of low pressure drop for the vortex flow based cavitation in vortex diode (Delta P of 1 bar). Complete, 100%, degradation of metformin (MTF) was achieved within 5 min with integration of optimized H2O2 dose and exceptionally high synergistic index value over 300, indicating extraordinary synergy for both Cu and Ni-SCVD. Acidic condition promote degradation and a complete degradation with a high 43-48% mineralization was observed using HC+ pH 4+ (1:200) H2O2 with less intermediates formation. The SCVDs reveal remarkable enhancement of similar to 9800% in per-pass degradation and 1400-3400% in cavitational yield as compared to conventional cavitation process under similar conditions. The newer SCVDs with catalytic activity can provide more cost-effective solutions for industrial and real-life applications.</p>
10aCavitation10aOxidation10apollution10aTechnology10aWastewater treatment1 aDixit, Divya1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhanced-degradation-metformin-using-surface-coated-vortex-diodes02133nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260000800209300001200217490000800229520136500237653002801602653001401630653001401644653001201658653001501670653002501685100001701710700002001727700002401747856012001771       2023                        eng d  a0263-876200aImproving hydrodynamic cavitation using newer surface-coated cavitation reactors0 aImproving hydrodynamic cavitation using newer surfacecoated cavi  cNOV  a238-2510 v1993 a<p>
	Surface-coated cavitation devices, vortex diode (SCVD) have been reported for the first time for enhancing efficiency of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC). Two surface-coated cavitation reactors using coating of copper and nickel (-50 mu m) were evaluated, also comparing results with conventional reactor vortex diode. The proof of concept is successfully demonstrated for complete degradation of two model organic pollutants, antibioticscephalexin (CFX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The surface-coated reactors provide dual activity, and the catalytic effect is highly pronounced with process intensification using H2O2 and/ or pH alternations. Integration of SCVD, pH and H2O2 was the most effective strategy. Complete degradation of the antibiotics was achieved within minutes with H2O2 (-1000 molar ratio) for both Cu and Ni-surface-coated cavitation reactors compared to lower degradation of-19% for CFX and-37% for CIP using only HC. An excellent enhancement of over 300% for CFX degradation at pH 11 and-170% for CIP degradation at pH 4 was obtained. Huge enhancements in per-pass degradation and cavitational yields (up to 400 times) clearly highlight the utility of the surface-coated cavitation reactors in various applications and for cost-effectiveness.(c) 2023 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>
10aHydrodynamic cavitation10aOxidation10apollution10aReactor10aTechnology10aWastewater treatment1 aDixit, Divya1 aThanekar, Pooja1 aBhandari, Vinay, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/improving-hydrodynamic-cavitation-using-newer-surface-coated-cavitation-reactors01730nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260000800208300000800216490000800224520096300232653001801195653002301213653001601236653002201252653002501274100001801299700002001317700001901337700002001356856011201376       2024                        eng d  a0049-697900aApplication of eco-friendly cationic celluloses for effective sludge dewatering0 aApplication of ecofriendly cationic celluloses for effective slu  cJUN  a3880 v2353 a<p>
	The study presents the application of cationic celluloses in sludge dewatering. The source of cellulose used in this study were microcrystalline cellulose and alkaline-treated rice straw. The cationic celluloses were synthesized in a two-step reaction involving oxidation of cellulose with sodium periodate and followed by Schiff base reaction with Girard reagent T to introduce quaternary ammonium cations. The functional groups and chemical structure were confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and cationicity index of cationic cellulose were determined. Owing to their low molecular weight, the cationic celluloses functioned as coagulants and brought about charge neutralization through electric patches. The cationic celluloses were effective in promoting rapid sludge settling and improving the sludge filterability. The cationic celluloses are eco-friendly and non-toxic alternatives to acrylamide-based flocculants.</p>
10abiodegradable10aCationic cellulose10acoagulation10aSludge dewatering10aWastewater treatment1 aMenon, Snehal1 aSuresha, P., R.1 aKhairnar, Ajay1 aKalyanraman, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/application-eco-friendly-cationic-celluloses-effective-sludge-dewatering02718nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240300001100248490000800259520187500267653002602142653001802168653001802186653002402204653002502228100002202253700002402275700003002299700001702329856013002346       2025                        eng d  a1387-700300aEfficient hydrogen liberation from autocatalytic wastewater treatment by green synthesized Ag2SeO3 nanocatalyst0 aEfficient hydrogen liberation from autocatalytic wastewater trea  cMAY  a1141060 v1753 a<p>
	Concerns about wastewater management, secure hydrogen storage, and interest in an affordable, effective, and user-friendly technique for releasing hydrogen have grown globally. Developing sustainable synthetic processes that result in industrially significant nanocatalyst to synergistically accelerate the evolution of hydrogen from wastewater treatment is extremely desirable. This work, for the first time, demonstrates the design and green fabrication of bactericidal silver selenite nanoparticles (Ag2SeO3 NPs) using the fungus Aspergillus niger for autocatalytic hydrogen production and methylene blue dye reduction by hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NaBH4. The morphology of Ag2SeO3 nanocatalysts with an average particle size of 60 nm was assessed by FETEM, while their surface chemistry, crystal structure, and optical properties were examined using XPS, XRD, and FTIR/ UV-Visible spectrophotometers, respectively. The sigmoidal trajectory of NaBH4 dehydrogenation with turnover frequencies (TOF) of 4750 mL g- 1 min- 1 suggested good autocatalytic activity of Ag2SeO3 NPs. The mechanistic study unveiled that autocatalysis was made possible by the creation of novel, active Ag co-catalyst which works synergistically with Ag2SeO3 NPs. For in-situ, real time assessment of Ag concentration during catalysis, hydrolysis of NaBH4 was carried out in the presence of methylene blue dye. The results showed that the active cocatalyst centers have a significant influence on autocatalytic hydrogen production at room temperature, reducing 98.8 % methylene blue (MB) dye in 6 min with a lesser hydrogen generation rate of 4174 mL g- 1 min- 1. The catalyst exhibited excellent stability and durability after fourth consecutive cycle, demonstrating its promise for long-term and recurring application in hydrogen liberation from autocatalytic MB dye reduction.</p>
10aAg2SeO3 nanoparticles10aAntibacterial10aautocatalysis10aHydrogen generation10aWastewater treatment1 aIslam, Sk, Najrul1 aAnsari, Ifra, Ilyas1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aAhmad, Absar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-hydrogen-liberation-autocatalytic-wastewater-treatment-green-synthesized-ag2seo302213nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245016700055210006900222260000800291300001100299490000800310520121200318653001501530653004201545653003001587653002001617653002501637100002201662700002001684700002701704700001701731700002401748700001701772700001801789856012801807       2025                        eng d  a1387-700300aNovel extruded palm tree wood-derived activated carbon-based SrTiO3 for wastewater treatment in continuous system: evaluation of synthesis condition, LHSV, and pH0 aNovel extruded palm tree woodderived activated carbonbased SrTiO  cMAR  a1138980 v1733 a<p>
	SrTiO3 is a potential photocatalyst, while its wide band gap hinders sufficient adsorption of visible light and decreases the photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, activated carbon (AC) derived from palm tree wood was functionalized with varying weight percentages (10, 20, and 30 wt%) of SrTiO3 nanoparticles and evaluated for its efficiency in the photodegradation of Cefixime (CFX) in a continuous system. The effects of activation temperature on the morphological properties of AC, along with operational parameters such as Liquid Hourly Space Velocity (LHSV) (3, 4, and 5 h- 1) and the pH of the initial CFX solution (4, 6.5, and 9), were examined to optimize the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalyst activated at 900 degrees C with 30 wt% SrTiO3 exhibited the highest activity, and were characterized by XRD, BET, FE-SEM, and UV-Vis analyses. Optimal conditions for CFX degradation were found at pH of 6.5 and LHSV of 5 h- 1. Additionally, hydroxyl (center dot OH) and superoxide (center dot O2-) radicals were identified as key species in CFX photodegradation process. Hence, these findings contribute to the design and development of highly-active continuous photocatalytic system.</p>
10aantibiotic10aContinuous Photocatalytic Degradation10aenvironmental remediation10aRisk Management10aWastewater treatment1 aGhandour, Raymond1 aAli, Ali, B. M.1 aKadhum, Abdul, Amir H.1 aDiab, M., A.1 aEl-Sabban, Heba, A.1 aShah, Mumtaj1 aNagar, Harsha  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-extruded-palm-tree-wood-derived-activated-carbon-based-srtio3-wastewater-treatment