02053nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260007300233300001000306490000800316520118000324653002201504653001901526653002201545653002401567653001601591653002301607100001301630700001401643700002201657856013201679 2005 eng d a1381-116900aImmobilization of metallporphyrins on polystyrene: efficient catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols0 aImmobilization of metallporphyrins on polystyrene efficient cata aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcSEP a46-500 v2383 a

Metalloporphyrins of iron and cobalt have been successfully encapsulated for the first time using polystyrene matrix, exhibiting high activity for aerobic oxidation of alcohols mimicking cytochrome P-450 dependent mono oxygenases. This communication provides a simple and environmentally friendly protocol for immobilization of metalloporphyrins (MPs) on to polystyrenes in general, which gives stable,I reusable (see Footnote 1) and efficient catalysts for aerobic oxidation of alcohols. These catalysts were characterized by UV-vis as well as diffuse reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy. These catalysts not only have high turnover frequencies but also could be recovered quantitatively by simple filtration and reused without loss of activity. Considering their high dispersing capacity in organic solvents, they will definitely find broad spectrum of applications in the electronic as well as optical fields. This methodology will lead to a potential model to mimic the catalytic action of metalloporphyrins in the niche areas such as catalytic oxidations, drug metabolism, DNA cleavage, photodynamic therapy and many others. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aaerobic oxidation10aImmobilization10ametalloporphyrins10amicro-encapsulation10aPolystyrene10aturnover frequency1 aNaik, R.1 aJoshi, P.1 aDeshpande, R., K. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/immobilization-metallporphyrins-polystyrene-efficient-catalysts-aerobic-oxidation-alcohols-002500nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260007300266300001000339490000800349520157500357653004001932653002501972653002901997653001602026653002502042100002302067700002002090700002802110856013202138 2006 eng d a0926-860X00aOxovanadium(IV) complex of 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole covalently bonded to chloromethylated polystyrene for oxidation of benzoin0 aOxovanadiumIV complex of 2alphahydroxyethylbenzimidazole covalen aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcNOV a74-820 v3153 a

Vanadyl sulphate reacts with 2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole covalently bonded to chloromethylated polystyrene (PS-Hhebmz) cross-linked with 5% divinyl benzene to give PS-[VO(hebmZ)(2)]. Characterisation of the catalyst was carried out by IR, electronic and EPR spectroscopic studies, thermogravimetry, scanning electron micrographs and elemental analyses. Catalytic potential of the complex was tested for the oxidation of benzoin using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an oxidant in methanol where benzil, methylbenzoate, benzoic acid and dimethylacetal were obtained as products. Various parameters such as different solvents and concentration of the substrate as well as oxidant have been taken into consideration for the maximum oxidation of the benzoin. Under optimised reaction conditions, a maximum of 98.9% conversion of the benzoin was achieved after 6 h of reaction time where selectivity of the obtained reaction products varied in the order: methylbenzoate (48.5%) > benzil (19.5%) > dimethylacetal (17.1%) > benzoic acid (11.5%). Neat complex was also prepared to compare its catalytic property with polymer-anchored one. EPR spectra of neat and polymer anchored catalyst are characteristics of V(IV) complexes with typical axial pattern and possible square pyramidal geometry. The identical EPR spectral patterns of both freshly prepared and recovered anchored catalysts indicate that the complex is stable and the coordination environment is retained at the end of the catalytic reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10a2-(alpha-hydroxyethyl)benzimidazole10aoxidation of benzoin10apolymer-anchored complex10aPolystyrene10avanadium(IV) complex1 aMaurya, Mannar, R.1 aSikarwar, Sweta1 aManikandan, Palanichamy uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxovanadiumiv-complex-2-alpha-hydroxyethylbenzimidazole-covalently-bonded-chloromethylated-102294nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260006800247300001400315490000800329520139100337653002601728653001901754653001501773653002601788653001601814653002301830100002501853700002301878700002301901856012801924 2008 eng d a0021-899500aNew poly(phenylene oxide)/polystyrene blend nanocomposites with clay: intercalation, thermal and mechanical properties0 aNew polyphenylene oxidepolystyrene blend nanocomposites with cla a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcMAY a1818-18280 v1083 a

We present the first study and results on the preparation and characterization of montmorillonite clay filter based polymer blend nanocomposites of the miscible poly(phenylene oxide)/polystyrene blend. Intercalated nanocomposites, prepared by a melt-processing method with 2-6 wt % commercially available organically modified sodium montmorillonite, have been characterized with wide-angle X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy analysis, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), and mechanical tensile tests. We show that nanocomposites can be successfully prepared in a batch mixer at temperatures much below the conditions conventionally used for this blend without organic degradation. Thermal stability is enhanced by nanoscale hybrid formation. The level of intercalation (change in the d-spacing) does not change with the clay loading. Better dispersion of clay in the blend matrix has been observed at a low level of clay content. The nanocomposites show improved tensile modulus (by 31%) in comparison to the blend, whereas the tensile strength (stress at break) and elongation decrease in the presence of the filler with an increase in the clay loading. The Halpin-Tsai model is able to predict the modulus of the nanocomposites in very good agreement with the experimental data. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10amechanical properties10aNanocomposites10aorganoclay10apoly(phenylene oxide)10aPolystyrene10aThermal properties1 aTiwari, Rajkiran, R.1 aKhilar, Kartic, C.1 aNatarajan, Upendra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-polyphenylene-oxidepolystyrene-blend-nanocomposites-clay-intercalation-thermal-and-001857nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260008600240300001300326490000700339520098100346653002101327653001601348653003001364653001601394653002101410653002101431100002401452700002301476856012801499 2011 eng d a0022-234800aEffect of composition on chain dimensions of styrene-methylmethacrylate random copolymers under theta condition0 aEffect of composition on chain dimensions of styrenemethylmethac a325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcAPR a996-10050 v503 a

Rotational-isomeric-state (RIS)-Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations are performed on poly(styrene-ran-methylmethacrylate) random copolymers to study the intrinsic unperturbed (theta-condition) dimensions. Mean-squared end-to-end distance (< r(2)>(o)), mean-squared radius of gyration (< s(2)>(o)), and characteristic ratio (C(n)) have been calculated for these copolymers constituted by different overall chemical compositions (styrene fractions 0.29, 0.56, and 0.70). Calculations were carried out with chains of 500 repeating units. With an increase in the styrene content there is an increase in (< r(2)>(o)), `, and C(n), in agreement with experimental observations. An increase in the fraction of trans conformational states in the backbone torsion angles is found to be responsible for the exhibited chain expansion behavior. The dimensions calculated by the Monte Carlo simulations agree well with experimental values reported in the literature.

10achain dimensions10aMonte Carlo10apoly(methyl methacrylate)10aPolystyrene10arandom copolymer10atheta conditions1 aKaryappa, Rahul, B.1 aNatarajan, Upendra uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-composition-chain-dimensions-styrene-methylmethacrylate-random-copolymers-under-002026nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260006700252300001400319490000700333520095100340653002301291653002701314653002201341653003101363653001601394653003101410100002401441700001801465700001701483700002201500700002201522700001801544700002301562700002201585856011701607 2011 eng d a1042-714700aStudies on the feasibility of recycled polystyrene doped with NLO active meta-Nitroaniline for optoelectronics applications0 aStudies on the feasibility of recycled polystyrene doped with NL a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcDEC a1865-18710 v223 a

A Guest-Host system based on meta-Nitroaniline (m-NA) and recycled polystyrene (RPS) susceptible to generate nonlinear optically (NLO) active property such as second harmonic generation (SHG) has been prepared. Pure, sublimed, optical grade, crystalline m-NA is used as a guest and RPS from the disposable packaging waste as available utilized as the host polymer. In this paper we report the effect of NLO active m-NA on the bulk and optical properties of RPS. The purified m-NA was incorporated from 1-10 wt% in the RPS polymer matrix by conventional solution casting method. Thin, transparent, freestanding films obtained were characterized with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), viscosity measurement, and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy for bulk properties evaluation and Nd:YAG laser studies for optoelectronics application such as SHG through frequency doubling. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

10afrequency doubling10aguest-host NLO systems10ameta-Nitroaniline10anonlinear optical activity10aPolystyrene10asecond harmonic generation1 aSureshkumar, M., S.1 aGoyal, R., K.1 aNegi, Y., S.1 aPratheepkumar, A.1 aReddy, Raghunatha1 aSingh, R., P.1 aDadge, Jagdish, W.1 aAiyer, Rohini, C. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-feasibility-recycled-polystyrene-doped-nlo-active-meta-nitroaniline-002104nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260010600253300001400359490000700373520114500380653003601525653004801561653001801609653003101627653001601658100002201674700003001696700002801726856012001754 2011 eng d a0014-305700aSynthesis of bis-allyloxy functionalized polystyrene and poly (methyl methacrylate) macromonomers using a new ATRP initiator0 aSynthesis of bisallyloxy functionalized polystyrene and poly met aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAUG a1621-16290 v473 a

A new bis-allyloxy functionalized ATRP initiator, viz, 4,4-bis (4-(allyloxy) phenyl) penty1-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate was synthesized starting from commercially available 4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid. Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene in bulk and that of methyl methacrylate in anisole using CuBr/N,N,N',N',N `'-pentamethyldiethyl-enetriamine system was carried out. The kinetic study of styrene polymerization showed controlled polymerization behavior. Bis-allyloxy functionalized well-defined polystyrene (M(n)(GPC): 13,600-28,250, PDI: 1.07-1.09) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (M(n)(GPC): 10,100-18,450, PDI: 1.23-1.34) macromonomers were obtained. The presence of allyloxy functionality was confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of allyloxy functionality was demonstrated by carrying out organic reactions such as addition of bromine and hydrosilylation on polystyrene macromonomer. Polystyrene macromonomer with bis-allyloxy functionality was transformed into bis-epoxy functionalized polystyrene macromonomer using 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aAllyloxy end-functional polymer10aAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)10aMacromonomers10aPoly (methyl methacrylate)10aPolystyrene1 aSane, Prakash, S.1 aPalaskar, Dnyaneshwar, V.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-bis-allyloxy-functionalized-polystyrene-and-poly-methyl-methacrylate-002108nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260007300274300001200347490000700359520113700366653003801503653000901541653002101550653001601571653000801587100002201595700002601617700003001643700002201673700002801695856013101723 2012 eng d a1381-514800aAromatic aldehyde functionalized polycaprolactone and polystyrene macromonomers: synthesis, characterization and aldehyde-aminooxy click reaction0 aAromatic aldehyde functionalized polycaprolactone and polystyren aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcOCT a713-7210 v723 a

New bis-aldehyde functionalized initiators, viz, 4,4'-(4,4'-(5-hydroxypentane-2,2-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy)dibenza ldehyde (1) and 4,4'-bis(4-(4-(formylphenoxy) phenyl) pentyl 2-bromopropanoate (2) were synthesized starting from commercially available 4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid. These initiators were utilized, respectively, for ring opening polymerization of E-caprolactone and atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene. Well-defined polycaprolactone macromonomers (M-n(GPC): 2600-19400, PDI: 1.37-1.47) and polystyrene macromonomers (M-n(GPC): 2800-28200, PDI: 1.11-1.16) with bis-aldehyde functionality were synthesized. The kinetic study of styrene polymerization showed controlled polymerization behaviour. The presence of aldehyde functionality in macromonomers was confirmed by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of aldehyde functionality was demonstrated by carrying out aldehyde-aminooxy click reaction of polycaprolactone macromonomer with O-(2-azidoethyl) hydroxylamine which proceeded in a quantitative manner without backbone degradation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10aAldehyde-terminated macromonomers10aATRP10aPolycaprolactone10aPolystyrene10aROP1 aSane, Prakash, S.1 aTawade, Bhausaheb, V.1 aPalaskar, Dnyaneshwar, V.1 aMenon, Shamal, K.1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/aromatic-aldehyde-functionalized-polycaprolactone-and-polystyrene-macromonomers-synthesis-002347nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000800262300001200270490000700282520146200289653003301751653001801784653002301802653002501825653001601850653003801866100002001904700001501924700003401939856013201973 2019 eng d a1022-134400aImpact of plasticizer addition on molecular properties of polybutadiene rubber and its manifestations to glass transition temperature0 aImpact of plasticizer addition on molecular properties of polybu cJUL a19000030 v283 a

Effect of blending low and high T-g polymer on the structural, spatial, and temporal properties of the polybutadiene rubber are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. It is elucidated that smaller chain length counterpart of polybutadiene (5mer-OB) acts as plasticizer for the polybutadiene rubber matrix (32mer-PB). Observed flexibility at macroscopic level by plasticizer addition is corroborated at the molecular level in the form of lower conformational rigidity and faster diffusion of polybutadiene chains in the mixtures. It is inferred that plasticizers decreases T-g of the matrix, due to cooperative influence of decreased chain packing and rigidity. Opposite effect is observed in mixtures with high T-g polymer, polystyrene. T-g of the mixtures showed substantial dependence on the type, concentration, chain length as well as miscibility of plasticizers in the matrix. However, the effect of increasing chain length is more pronounced but counter-controlled by the spatially heterogeneous distribution of the plasticizer. Clustering of polystyrene chains induced significant dynamic heterogeneity in the homogeneous polybutadiene matrix, which apparently lead to reduced plasticization effect. Addition of plasticizers in rubber induce discernible changes in the structural and dynamic properties of the rubber matrix, which manifest as the variation in glass transition and explains the real-life activity of plasticizers.

10aGlass transition temperature10aMD Simulation10aplasticizer action10apolybutadiene rubber10aPolystyrene10aspatial and dynamic heterogeneity1 aSharma, Pragati1 aRoy, Sudip1 aKarimi-Varzaneh, Hossein, Ali uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/impact-plasticizer-addition-molecular-properties-polybutadiene-rubber-and-its-manifestations02398nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260000800235300001100243490000800254520145100262653001901713653003101732653002401763653001601787653001601803653002001819100002101839700001601860700002201876700001801898700002501916700001801941700002301959856012601982 2026 eng d a0141-391000aNovel biosurfactant assisted biodegradation of polystyrene by Actinomycetes and its chemical understanding0 aNovel biosurfactant assisted biodegradation of polystyrene by Ac cAPR a1119460 v2463 a

The current study highlights the effective biodegradation of polystyrene by two actinobacterial strains, Glutamicibacter sp. K-1 and Rhodococcus sp. BG-30. FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, and GPC data showed the degradation pattern of polystyrene. Additionally, GC-MS analysis showed that strain K-1 produced a variety of degradation by-products, including alkanes, 2,4-Di-ter-butyl phenol, 2-propenoic acid, tridecyl ester, and dibutyl phthalate, while strain BG-30 produced a greater amount of alkenes, phthalic acid, and isobutyl octyl esters. GPC detected a drop in polystyrene's average molecular weight (Mn), which suggests chain scission of the polymer. Changes in polystyrene's roughness and other morphological properties were shown by AFM and FE-SEM. The effects of a conventional rhamnolipid and a novel thermostable biosurfactant fatty alkene (0.1 % each) on the breakdown of polystyrene were examined. Strain K-1 and BG-30 resulted in increasing the degradation of polystyrene to 12 % (w/w) and 16 % (w/w), respectively in the presence of fatty alkene biosurfactant, there was 10 % (w/w) and 8 % (w/w), degradation in presence of rhamnolipid. To the best of our knowledge, degradation of polystyrene by Glutamicibacter sp. has been reported as a newly identified strain and use of a novel biosurfactant together revealed their potential in biodegradation of plastic to mitigate the plastic pollution using microbial resources.

10aBiodegradation10aFatty alkene biosurfactant10aGlutamicibacter sp.10aPolystyrene10aRhamnolipid10aRhodococcus sp.1 aSakpal, Amrapali1 aHaq, Nazrul1 aDasgupta, Santanu1 aAlanazi, Fars1 aAlsarra, Ibrahim, A.1 aAlam, Mahboob1 aDastager, Syed, G. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-biosurfactant-assisted-biodegradation-polystyrene-actinomycetes-and-its-chemical