02238nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260010600248300001200354490000700366520128200373653002701655653001701682653001701699653001901716653001901735653002201754100002101776700002301797700001901820700001901839856012601858       2013                        eng d  a0360-544200aHBGS (hydrate based gas separation) process for carbon dioxide capture employing an unstirred reactor with cyclopentane0 aHBGS hydrate based gas separation process for carbon dioxide cap  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcDEC  a252-2590 v633 a<p>The effect of CP (cyclopentane) as a promoter/additive, in the HBGS (hydrate based gas separation) process for pre-combustion gas mixture was investigated by employing an unstirred reactor configuration. Gas uptake measurements were performed at two different temperatures (275.7 K and 285.7 K) and at an experimental pressure of 6.0 MPa to determine the kinetics of hydrate formation. Experiments were conducted with three different volumes (7.5, 15 and 22 ml) of CP and based on induction time and the rate of hydrate growth, 15 ml of CP was determined to be the optimal volume for carbon dioxide capture at 6.0 MPa and 275.7 K. In addition, the effect of a kinetic promoter, SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), was investigated. Surprisingly, no improvement in kinetic performance was observed at 6.0 MPa and 275.7 K in the presence of SDS and CP. From the study, it was found that at the optimal 15 ml CP (CP layer thickness of 1.8 mm), the average composition of carbon dioxide in the hydrate phase was 90.36 mol% with a separation factor of 17.82. Furthermore, the unstirred reactor also yielded better kinetic performance over the stirred tank reactor with the unstirred reactor having a 2.28 times higher average gas uptake. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarbon dioxide capture10aCyclopentane10aGas hydrates10aGas separation10aPre-combustion10aUnstirred reactor1 aHo, Leong, Chuan1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hbgs-hydrate-based-gas-separation-process-carbon-dioxide-capture-employing-unstirred-002025nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260010600228300001200334490000700346520114500353653002701498653002301525653001901548653001901567653001901586100002301605700001901628700001901647856012901666       2013                        eng d  a0360-544200aPre-combustion capture of carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor using the clathrate hydrate process0 aPrecombustion capture of carbon dioxide in a fixed bed reactor u  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcFEB  a364-3730 v503 a<p>Hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process with silica sand and silica gel as contact medium was employed to capture CO2 from fuel gas mixture. Gas uptake measurement at three different pressures (7.5, 8.5 and 9.0 MPa) and 274.15 K were conducted for hydrate formation kinetics and overall conversion of water to hydrate, rate of hydrate formation were determined. Water conversion of up to 36% was achieved with silica sand bed compared to 13% conversion in the silica gel bed. Effect of driving force on the rate of hydrate formation and gas consumption was significant in silica sand bed whereas it was found to be insignificant in silica gel bed. Hydrate dissociation experiments by thermal stimulation (at constant pressure) alone and a combination of depressurization and thermal stimulation were carried out for complete recovery of the hydrated gas. A driving force of 23 K was found to be sufficient to recover all the hydrated gas within 1 h. This study indicates that silica sand can be an effective porous media for separation of CO2 from fuel gas when compared to silica gel. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarbon dioxide capture10aClathrate hydrates10aGas separation10aGlobal warming10aPre-combustion1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pre-combustion-capture-carbon-dioxide-fixed-bed-reactor-using-clathrate-hydrate-process-002022nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260009900247300001400346490000700360520092100367653002701288653002201315653001701337653001901354653001401373653003501387100002301422700002001445700001901465700001901484700001201503700001601515700001701531700001701548700001101565856013201576       2014                        eng d  a1876-610200aImpact of pressure and temperature on tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide semi-clathrate process for carbon dioxide capture0 aImpact of pressure and temperature on tetranbutyl ammonium bromi  aSara Burgerhartstraat 25, Po Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, NetherlandsbElsevier Science BVcMAY  a1780-17830 v613 a<p>The pre-combustion capture of CO2 in an IGCC power plant employing the hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process is a novel method currently receiving attention around the world. Tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) is a promoter that has been shown to improve the efficiency of hydrate formation. In this study, the effect of temperature and pressure on 0.3 mol% TBAB solution is investigated. The induction time for the experiments conducted at 6.0 MPa and 274.8 K was found to be lower, while nucleation became increasingly random as temperature is increased and pressure is reduced. Total gas uptake and normalized rate of hydrate formation (NR5) is also the highest for the experiments conducted at 6.0 MPa and 274.8 K. However, it was found that the hydrate phase CO2 composition remains relatively constant at both reduced temperatures and pressures. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p>10aCarbon dioxide capture10aClathrate process10aGas hydrates10aGas separation10aPromoters10atetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aChin, Weng, Inn1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aLinga, Praveen1 aYan, J.1 aLee, D., J.1 aChou, S., K.1 aDesideri, U.1 aLi, H.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/impact-pressure-and-temperature-tetra-n-butyl-ammonium-bromide-semi-clathrate-process-carbon01880nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260010600228300001200334490000700346520093600353653002701289653002201316653001701338653001901355653001601374653002701390100002301417700001901440700001901459700002001478856012801498       2015                        eng d  a0360-544200aReview of the hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process for carbon dioxide pre-combustion capture0 aReview of the hydrate based gas separation HBGS process for carb  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN  a261-2790 v853 a<p>In this work, a systematic review of the literature work done so far on the use of hydrate crystallization as a basis to develop data for the hydrate based gas separation (HBGS) process for the capture of CO2 from fuel gas mixtures is presented. Such a gas mixture may arise in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. A thorough assessment of the thermodynamic, kinetic factors and economic aspects of the HBGS process and critical comments are presented. Compared with competing technologies, high CO2 capacity and the use of water as a solvent are key advantages for the HBGS process for CO2 capture. Furthermore, in this review, a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art is presented and further research and development opportunities and pathways for commercializing the HBGS process for pre-combustion capture of CO2 from IGCC power plants are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarbon dioxide capture10aClathrate process10aGas hydrates10aGas separation10aIGCC plants10aPre-combustion capture1 aBabu, Ponnivalavan1 aLinga, Praveen1 aKumar, Rajnish1 aEnglezos, Peter  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/review-hydrate-based-gas-separation-hbgs-process-carbon-dioxide-pre-combustion-capture-001447nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260007500263300001400338490000700352520051100359653003200870653001900902653001400921653002600935653002000961100002300981700002701004700002001031700002201051856013201073       2016                        eng d  a0947-653900aChemically stable covalent organic framework (COF)-polybenzimidazole hybrid membranes: enhanced gas separation through pore modulation0 aChemically stable covalent organic framework COFpolybenzimidazol  aPOSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcMAR  a4695-46990 v223 a<p>Highly flexible, TpPa-1@PBI-BuI and TpBD@PBI-BuI hybrid membranes based on chemically stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) could be obtained with the polymer. The loading obtained was substantially higher (50%) than generally observed with MOFs. These hybrid membranes show an exciting enhancement in permeability (about sevenfold) with appreciable separation factors for CO2/N-2 and CO2/CH4. Further, we found that with COF pore modulation, the gas permeability can be systematically enhanced.</p>10acovalent organic frameworks10aGas separation10amembranes10amicroporous materials10apore modulation1 aBiswal, Bishnu, P.1 aChaudhari, Harshal, D.1 aBanerjee, Rahul1 aKharul, Ulhas, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/chemically-stable-covalent-organic-framework-cof-polybenzimidazole-hybrid-membranes-enhanced02147nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260007300273300001200346490000800358520126700366653001901633653001901652653002201671653003501693100002101728700002601749700002201775856013201797       2016                        eng d  a0376-738800aPolybenzimidazole based polymeric ionic liquids possessing partial ionic character: effects of anion exchange on their gas permeation properties0 aPolybenzimidazole based polymeric ionic liquids possessing parti  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a282-2880 v4973 a<p>Polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) are emerging as promising membrane materials for CO2 separation. Present work is in continuation with our earlier efforts on evaluating gas permeation properties (especially, CO2) of film forming PILs based on polybenzimidazoles and efforts towards improving their permeability by structural tuning. This work specifically aims at evaluating effect of anion variation in chosen PILs possessing partial N-quaternization of imidazole moiety of PBI-Bul. Three anions (viz., Tf2N-, BF4- and Ac-) were chosen for the bromide exchange of two PILs, viz., [TBzPBI-Bul][Br](10) and [TBzPBI-Bul][Br](18), possessing degree of PEI N-quaternization (DQ) as 10 and 18%, respectively. Concurrent effects of variation in anion and DQ were analyzed in terms of physical and gas permeation properties of the resulting PILs. All of them possessed amorphous nature, adequate thermal stability ( &gt;= 250 degrees C) and solvent solubility, which are primary requisites towards their applicability as a membrane material. PILs possessing BF4- anion exhibited improved CO2 permeability coefficient as well as its permselectivity over CH4 and N-2, in comparison to their counterparts with other anions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAnion exchange10aGas separation10aPolybenzimidazole10aPolymeric ionic liquids (PILs)1 aRewar, Anita, S.1 aShaligram, Sayali, V.1 aKharul, Ulhas, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polybenzimidazole-based-polymeric-ionic-liquids-possessing-partial-ionic-character-effects-1