02043nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245005200055210005200107260009200159300001200251490000600263520113800269653001401407653003701421653001801458653002401476653002901500653002001529653001101549100001901560700001801579700001401597700002001611700001801631700001801649856008601667       2005                        eng d  a1533-488000aRecent advances in biodegradable nanocomposites0 aRecent advances in biodegradable nanocomposites  a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScAPR  a497-5260 v53 a<p>There is growing interest in developing bio-based products and innovative process technologies that can reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and move to a sustainable materials basis. Biodegradable bio-based nanocomposites are the next generation of materials for the future. Renewable resource-based biodegradable polymers including cellulosic plastic (plastic made from wood), corn-derived plastics, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (plastics made from bacterial sources) are some of the potential biopolymers which, in combination with nanoclay reinforcement, can produce nanocomposites for a variety of applications. Nanocomposites of this category are expected to possess improved strength and stiffness with little sacrifice of toughness, reduced gas/water vapor permeability, a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and an increased heat deflection temperature, opening an opportunity for the use of new, high performance, lightweight green nanocomposite materials to replace conventional petroleum-based composites. The present review addresses this green material, including its technical difficulties and their solutions.</p>10acellulose10alayered silicates and properties10aNanocomposite10apoly(caprolactone)s10apoly(hydroxy alkanoate)s10apolyiactic acid10aStarch1 aPandey, J., K.1 aKumar, A., P.1 aMisra, M.1 aMohanty, A., K.1 aDrzal, L., T.1 aSingh, R., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/recent-advances-biodegradable-nanocomposites-001830nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260009900230300001400329490000700343520102100350653001801371653001401389653003901403653001101442100003101453700002001484856012001504       2008                        eng d  a0960-852400aBiocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch: improvement of properties by photo-induced crosslinking0 aBiocomposites of cellulose reinforced starch improvement of prop  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC  a8803-88090 v993 a<p>In the present study, the composite films have been prepared from the aqueous dispersions of starch with microcrystalline cellulose using glycerol as plasticizer and irradiated under ultraviolet (UV) light using sodium benzoate as photo-sensitizer. Photocrosslinking was characterized by measuring the water absorption under 100% relative humidity, swelling degree and gel fraction in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSC), upon irradiation time. Both, the incorporation of cellulose and photo-irradiation were found to decrease the water absorption, swelling in DMSO and increase the gel fraction. Thermal transitions indicated the anti-plasticization of amylopectin chains at the fiber/matrix interface. With increasing content of cellulose and photo-irradiation time, the tensile modulus and strength were found to improve. It is summarized that the combination of cellulose reinforcement and photo-crosslinking of matrix has improved the physical and mechanical properties. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiocomposites10acellulose10aPhoto-irradiation and crosslinking10aStarch1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biocomposites-cellulose-reinforced-starch-improvement-properties-photo-induced-001421nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005500110260007700165300001200242490000600254520073500260653001200995653001401007653002801021653002401049100002901073700002101102856009201123       2008                        eng d  a1864-563100aCellulose conversion under heterogeneous catalysis0 aCellulose conversion under heterogeneous catalysis  aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcNOV  a969-9750 v13 a<p>In view of current problems such as global warming, high oil prices, food crisis, stricter environmental laws, and other geopolitical scenarios surrounding the use of fossil feedstocks and edible resources, the efficient conversion of cellulose, a non-food biomass, into energy, fuels, and chemicals has received much attention. The application of heterogeneous catalysis could allow researchers to develop environmentally benign processes that lead to selective formation of value-added products from cellulose under relatively mild conditions. This Minireview gives insight into the importance of biomass utilization, the current status of cellulose conversion, and further transformation of the primary products obtained</p>10aBiomass10acellulose10aheterogeneous catalysis10asupported catalysts1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant1 aFukuoka, Atsushi  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cellulose-conversion-under-heterogeneous-catalysis-001754nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260010600227300001200333490000700345520096500352653001501317653001401332653001301346653002901359100001901388700001701407856012401424       2008                        eng d  a0045-653500aCellulose supported layered double hydroxides for the adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution0 aCellulose supported layered double hydroxides for the adsorption  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJUN  a995-9980 v723 a<p>Cellulose supported layered double hydroxides (CSLDHs) were synthesized and tested for adsorption of fluoride in aqueous medium. Three samples of cellulose supported LDHs were synthesized by varying the LDH loading on cellulose. The raw cellulose, unsupported LDH and cellulose supported LDHs were characterized by XRD, SEM and BET surface area. Batch adsorption as well as fixed-bed column experiments were performed for determining the fluoride adsorption characteristics of CSLDHs. The fluoride adsorption properties of CSLDHs were found to be superior to that of reported adsorbents, including activated alumina and carbon nanotubes. Defluoridation capacity of the CSLDHs was 2-4 times higher than that of unsupported LDH. The cellulose supported LDH, CSLDH-50, having an LDH loading of 27% showed maximum fluoride uptake capacity (5.29 mg g(-1) of CSLDH, 25.18 mg g(-1) of LDH) in fixed-bed column study. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAdsorption10acellulose10aFluoride10aLayered double hydroxide1 aMandal, Sujata1 aMayadevi, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cellulose-supported-layered-double-hydroxides-adsorption-fluoride-aqueous-solution-001780nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245006500055210006500120260006800185300001200253490000600265520104800271653001201319653001401331653001701345653002201362653002901384100002101413700002901434856009901463       2009                        eng d  a1527-899900aSustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles0 aSustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcAUG  a224-2350 v93 a<p>The recent progress of sustainable green catalysis by supported metal nanoparticles is described. The template synthesis of metal nanoparticles in ordered porous materials is studied for the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts capable of high activity and selectivity. The application of these materials in green catalytic processes results in a unique activity and selectivity arising from the concerted effect of metal nanoparticles and supports. The high catalytic performances of Pt nanoparticles in mesoporous silica is reported Supported metal catalysts have also been applied to biomass conversion by heterogeneous catalysis Additionally, the degradation of cellulose by supported metal catalysts, in which bifunctional catalysis of acid and metal plays the key role for the hydrolysis and reduction of cellulose, is also reported. (C) 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 224-235: 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.intersciencewiley.corn) DOI 10.1002/tcr.200900004</p>10aBiomass10acellulose10aCO oxidation10aMesoporous silica10asupported metal catalyst1 aFukuoka, Atsushi1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-green-catalysis-supported-metal-nanoparticles-002137nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260005700253300001400310490000700324520121300331653001501544653001401559653001901573653001801592653001801610653002201628100003101650700002801681700002601709700002001735856012801755       2010                        eng d  a1598-503200aPreparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)0 aPreparation and characterization of bioceramic nanocomposites ba  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcDEC  a1160-11670 v183 a<p>We report the synthesis of biomimetic nanocomposites based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles via a co-precipitation method. Physico-chemical characterization was performed before and after calcination by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The formation of nanocomposites was observed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spectral and crystallographic data indicated the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of CMC. They were observed as aggregates of HA nanoparticles and CMC, whose sizes were approximately similar to 260 +/- 40 nm. The crystallite size of the hydroxyapatite particles decreased (with 2 wt% 18 +/- 3 nm) with increasing CMC content. The morphological aspects of the calcined samples revealed the sintering ability of HA nanoparticles. Nanocomposites of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles that mimic the process of nucleation and growth in nature can be prepared using biomacromolecules such as CMC.</p>10abiopolymer10acellulose10ahydroxyapatite10aNanoparticles10aParticle size10aX-ray diffraction1 aKumar, Annamalai, Pratheep1 aMohaideen, Kamal, Khaja1 aAlariqi, Sameh, A. S.1 aSingh, Raj, Pal  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/preparation-and-characterization-bioceramic-nanocomposites-based-hydroxyapatite-ha-and-001672nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260009900234300001200333490000800345520083000353653002301183653001401206653000801220653001501228653001801243653000801261100002501269700002301294856012501317       2014                        eng d  a0144-861700aFunctionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles: morphology, thermal properties, and solubility studies0 aFunctionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles morphology the  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAPR  a135-1420 v1043 a<p>Agricultural residues derived cellulose was used to synthesize a new series of carboxy functionalized cellulosic nanoparticles (quasi-spherical shaped, 13.2-21.5% carboxyl content) and macro-sized 6-carboxycelluloses (long-fibril shaped, 1.7-22% carboxyl content). The DP (50-70) and yield (upto 46%) of nanoparticles were manipulated by controlling the reaction temperature and time. TGA/DTG thermographs of the carboxycelluloses gave thermostability data and co-related well with the residual crystalline, amorphous, and anhydroglucuronic acid content. The particle shape and size had no effect on the thermal stability. Some derivatives were fully or partially soluble in aqueous alkali and non-aqueous solvents, which can lead to increased versatility of these polymers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10a6-Carboxycellulose10acellulose10aDTG10aMorphology10aNanoparticles10aTGA1 aSharma, Priyanka, R.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/functionalized-celluloses-and-their-nanoparticles-morphology-thermal-properties-and-002266nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245015400055210006900209260009900278300001200377490000800389520136000397653002101757653001401778653001801792653000801810653001001818100002501828700003501853700002301888856012501911       2014                        eng d  a0144-861700aSupramolecular transitions in native cellulose-I during progressive oxidation reaction leading to quasi-spherical nanoparticles of 6-carboxycellulose0 aSupramolecular transitions in native celluloseI during progressi  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcNOV  a615-6230 v1133 a<p>Cellulose-I swells considerably in phosphoric acid, and converts to amorphous cellulose via a cellulose-II transition state. Controlled oxidation of cellulose-I to 6-carboxycellulose (6CC) using HNO3-H3PO4-NaNO2 oxidation system led to the selective production of 6CC's of varying carboxyl contents (1.7-22%) as well as various shapes and sizes (macro-sized fibrils of several micron length and/or spherical nanoparticles of 25-35 nm), depending on the reaction conditions. 6CC's having less than 14% carboxyl content were largely in cellulose-II form (WAXRD values in-between cellulose I and cellulose II), whereas at 14-22% the 6CC's were largely amorphous; only trace crystallinity was observed at 19% and 22% carboxyl 6CC. Spherical nanoparticles retained a high degree of crystallinity having cellulose-I structure, whereas the macro-sized fibrils were largely converted to cellulose-II structure. Analysis by WAXRD as well as by CP-MAS C-13 NMR studies gave similar conclusions. Reduced molecular weight with progressive oxidation, including presence of oligomers, was also evident from an increase in the reducing-end carbon peak at similar to 92 ppm. For high oxidation levels (&gt;14%) the NMR 92-96 ppm peaks disappeared on extracting with dilute alkali, due to soluble oligomers being removed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCarboxycellulose10acellulose10aNanoparticles10aNMR10aWAXRD1 aSharma, Priyanka, R.1 aRajamohanan, Pattuparambil, R.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supramolecular-transitions-native-cellulose-i-during-progressive-oxidation-reaction-002292nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260009900248300001200347490000800359520139000367653000601757653000601763653002701769653002301796653002601819653001401845653001201859100002501871700002301896856013101919       2014                        eng d  a0144-861700aThermal stability of cellulose and their nanoparticles: Effect of incremental increases in carboxyl and aldehyde groups0 aThermal stability of cellulose and their nanoparticles Effect of  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcDEC  a339-3430 v1143 a<p>Oxidized cellulose containing carboxyl and aldehyde functional groups represent an important class of cellulose derivatives. In this study effect of incrementally increasing COOH and CHO groups at C2, C3, and C6 positions of cellulose and nanocellulose has been investigated, with a view to understanding their effect on thermal treatment of cellulose. The results show that 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) is the most thermally stable oxidized product of cellulose while the most unstable derivatives contain carboxyl group at the C6 position (6CC). Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with carboxymethyl group on C6 position, is more stable than 6CC. Multi-functionalized celluloses 2,3,6-tricarboxycellulose and 6-carboxy-2,3-dialdehyde, have the same level of thermal stability as 6CC, showing that the presence of carboxyl at the C6 is a key destabilizing factor in the thermal stability of oxidized cellulose products. More the number of reducing end groups on the polymer chain, lower the thermal stability of the cellulose, as proved by comparing the TGA/DTG of monomeric analogs dextrose, cellobiose and glucuronic acid with the oxidized celluloses. The thermal stability trend observed for oxidized celluloses was DAC &gt; DCC &gt; nanoparticles &gt; dextrose &gt;glucuronic acid, caused by extent of reducing ends and COOH groups. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10a210a310a3-Dialdehyde cellulose10a6-Carboxycellulose10a6-Tricarboxycellulose10acellulose10aTGA/DTG1 aSharma, Priyanka, R.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermal-stability-cellulose-and-their-nanoparticles-effect-incremental-increases-carboxyl-002057nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260007300222300001200295490000700307520118200314653001901496653001401515653002801529653002401557100002501581700001801606700001901624700001901643700002301662856013001685       2016                        eng d  a0141-813000aShape and size engineered cellulosic nanomaterials as broad spectrum anti-microbial compounds0 aShape and size engineered cellulosic nanomaterials as broad spec  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a460-4650 v873 a<p>Oxidized celluloses have been used for decades as antimicrobial wound gauzes and surgical cotton. We now report the successful synthesis of a next generation narrow size range (25-35 nm) spherical shaped nanoparticles of 2,3,6-tricarboxycellulose based on cellulose I structural features, for applications as new antimicrobial materials. This study adds to our previous study of 6-carboxycellulose. A wide range of bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphloccocus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (non-pathogenic as well as pathogenic strains) were affected by these polymers in in vitro studies. Activity against Mycobacteria were noted at high concentrations (MIC99 values 250-1000 mu g/ml, as compared to anti-TB drug Isoniazid 0.3 mu g/ml). However, the broad spectrum activity of oxidized celluloses and their nanoparticles against a wide range of bacteria, including Mycobacteria, show that these materials are promising new biocompatible and biodegradable drug delivery vehicles wherein they can play the dual role of being a drug encapsulant as well as a broad spectrum anti-microbial and anti-TB drug. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.</p>10aAnti-microbial10acellulose10aSpherical nanoparticles10aTricarboxycellulose1 aSharma, Priyanka, R.1 aKamble, Sunil1 aSarkar, Dhiman1 aAnand, Amitesh1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/shape-and-size-engineered-cellulosic-nanomaterials-broad-spectrum-anti-microbial-compounds01746nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006400055210006400119260008600183300001100269490000700280520093000287653002301217653001801240653001401258653001101272653001301283653001901296653000801315653002401323100002301347700002901370856009301399       2016                        eng d  a0161-494000aSolid acid catalyzed synthesis of furans from carbohydrates0 aSolid acid catalyzed synthesis of furans from carbohydrates  a530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcJAN  a36-1120 v583 a<p>The alternative feedstock, biomass (particularly lignocelluloses), having the profuse availability, is promising for the synthesis of several value-added chemicals which are currently obtained from fossil feedstock. In this article, the synthesis of two extremely significant furan chemicals viz. furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are discussed. In the synthesis of furans from biomass, numerous challenges, i.e., use of edible sugars as substrates, selectivity to furans, their isolation in pure form, reuse of catalyst, environmental issues, etc., are perceived and in the recent past researchers tried to resolve those by developing advance methodologies. This article comprehensively summarizes the latest progress made in the above-mentioned areas and also provides commentary on the analyses of results, rationale for observed activity and mechanisms, etc. It also discusses future aspects of this work.</p>10aBiomass conversion10acarbohydrates10acellulose10afurans10afurfural10ahemicelluloses10aHMF10asolid acid catalyst1 aBhaumik, Prasenjit1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solid-acid-catalyzed-synthesis-furans-carbohydrates-002679nas a2200385   4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000800266520138600274653001201660653002901672653002601701653001601727653001501743653001401758653003101772653001901803653001101822653002401833653002501857653002801882653001801910653001401928653002701942653003301969653001902002653002502021100002802046700002502074700002002099700002302119700002302142856012802165       2017                        eng d  a0273-228900aNew insight into sugarcane industry waste utilization (press mud) for cleaner biobutanol production by using c. acetobutylicum nrrl b-5270 aNew insight into sugarcane industry waste utilization press mud   cMAY3 a<p>In the present study, press mud, a sugar industry waste, was explored for biobutanol production to strengthen agricultural economy. The fermentative production of biobutanol was investigated via series of steps, viz. characterization, drying, acid hydrolysis, detoxification, and fermentation. Press mud contains an adequate amount of cellulose (22.3%) and hemicellulose (21.67%) on dry basis, and hence, it can be utilized for further acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production. Drying experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 60–120 °C to circumvent microbial spoilage and enhance storability of press mud. Furthermore, acidic pretreatment variables, viz. sulfuric acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, and time, were optimized using response surface methodology. The corresponding values were found to be 1.5% (v/v), 1:5 g/mL, and 15 min, respectively. In addition, detoxification studies were also conducted using activated charcoal, which removed almost 93–97% phenolics and around 98% furans, which are toxic to microorganisms during fermentation. Finally, the batch fermentation of detoxified press mud slurry (the sample dried at 100 °C and pretreated) using Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B-527 resulted in a higher butanol production of 4.43 g/L with a total ABE of 6.69 g/L. © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York Author keywords</p>10aAcetone10aAcetone butanol ethanols10aAcidic pre treatments10aAgriculture10aBiobutanol10acellulose10aClostridium acetobutylicum10aDetoxification10aDrying10aDrying Fermentation10aFermentationSpoilage10aFermentative production10aPre-treatment10aPress mud10aPress mud Pretreatment10aResponse surface methodology10aSugar industry10aSulfur determination1 aNimbalkar, Pranhita, R.1 aKhedkar, Manisha, A.1 aGaikwad, S., G.1 aChavan, Pramod, V.1 aBankar, Sandip, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-insight-sugarcane-industry-waste-utilization-press-mud-cleaner-biobutanol-production02089nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001200247490000800259520111300267653001401380653001801394653002001412653003401432653004901466653001301515653001701528100001801545700001901563700002201582700001701604700002201621700002501643856013101668       2018                        eng d  a0144-861700aElectrospinning of non-ionic cellulose ethers/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers: characterization and applications0 aElectrospinning of nonionic cellulose etherspolyvinyl alcohol na  cFEB   a175-1820 v1813 a<p>The morphology of spin-coated films and electrospun fibers of ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose (EHEC), hydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose (HM-EHEC) and their blends with Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was examined by AFM, SEM and contact angle measurements. These polysaccharides upon blending with PVA exhibited smooth surface which was evidenced by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) observation. The electrospinnability of above polysaccharides with PVA was demonstrated for the first time. The oriented fibers could be obtained using a rotating disc collector. Contact angles of spin-coated films and electrospun fibers were discussed in terms of hydrophobicity and wetting characteristics. Further, The nanofibers of EHEC/PVA were in-situ crosslinked using citric acid and were used for controlled release of an antibacterial drug, Chlorhexidine Digluconate (ChD). In-vitro studies of cytotoxicity, cell growth and cell proliferation were performed using L929 mouse fibroblast cells. These nanofiber mats show potential in drug delivery and as scaffolds in tissue engineering applications.</p>10acellulose10adrug delivery10aelectrospinning10aEthyl hydroxy ethyl cellulose10aHydrophobically modified ethyl hydroxy ethyl10ascaffold10aSpin coating1 aWali, Ashwini1 aZhang, Yucheng1 aSengupta, Poulomi1 aHigaki, Yuji1 aTakahara, Atsushi1 aBadiger, Manohar, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/electrospinning-non-ionic-cellulose-etherspolyvinyl-alcohol-nanofibers-characterization-and02034nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000800271300001400279490000700293520120200300653001401502653001401516653001301530653001501543653002401558100002401582700002401606700001801630700002201648856012201670       2022                        eng d  a2168-048500aEfficient synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural esters from polymeric carbohydrates using 5-(chloromethyl)furfural as a reactive intermediate0 aEfficient synthesis of 5hydroxymethylfurfural esters from polyme  cMAY  a5803-58090 v103 a<p>
	This work reports an efficient, gram-scale synthesis of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) esters using biomass-derived 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) as a reactive intermediate. The HMF-esters have potential applications as chemicalintermediates, fuel additives, and bioactive compounds. Initially, CMF was prepared in good yields directly from polymericcarbohydrates (starch, inulin, and cellulose) and cellulosic materials (cotton andfilter paper) using a biphasic batch reaction system,consisting of aqueous hydrochloric acid and 1,2-dichloroethane. The use of ZnCl2as an additive allowed the reaction to proceedunder milder conditions while significantly improving the isolated yield of CMF. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time,extracting solvent, and ZnCl2loading on CMF yield were investigated. Microcrystalline cellulose was converted into CMF with a72% isolated yield under optimized reaction conditions (80 degrees C, 2 h). After that, CMF was transformed into various novel esters ofHMF in excellent isolated yields (&gt;85%) by reacting with a slight excess amount of the triethylammonium salt of various alkyl/arylcarboxylic acids under solvent-free conditions</p>
10acatalysis10acellulose10afuranics10aHMF-esters10arenewable synthesis1 aBhat, Navya, Subray1 aHegde, Shobhita, L.1 aDutta, Saikat1 aSudarsanam, Putla  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-synthesis-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-esters-polymeric-carbohydrates-using-501788nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260000800232300001500240490000800255520098800263653001401251653001201265653001401277653001501291653004801306100002601354700003001380700002501410856012301435       2022                        eng d  a0018-019X00aRecent developments in the applications of biomass-derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts0 aRecent developments in the applications of biomassderived sulfon  cAUG  ae2022000320 v1053 a<p>
	Recently, carbon-based materials are gaining a lot of attraction. It is considered as an emerging area of research and has gained significant importance as an efficient catalyst/material in various fields. Biomass is abundantly available, cheap and a renewable carbon resource. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst can be derived by sulfonation of various sources of biomass such as sugars, lignin, fruit waste, agro-waste, bio-char, etc. Sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts can be used as a substitute to liquid acids. These catalysts possess a stable carbon skeleton and are insoluble in almost all organic solvents as well as under acidic/basic conditions. This review covers details about biomass-derived sulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalysts and its catalytic activities in many important transformations such as hydrolysis of cellulose, synthesis of biodiesel, synthesis of various important chemicals and for various organic transformations.</p>
10aBiodiesel10aBiomass10acellulose10aHydrolysis10asulfonated carbonaceous solid acid catalyst1 aKirdant, Swapnali, P.1 aTamboli, Asma, T. Biradar1 aJadhav, Vrushali, H.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/recent-developments-applications-biomass-derived-sulfonated-carbonaceous-solid-acid02591nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242300001200250490000700262520179600269653001502065653001402080653001802094653001902112653002502131653001002156100001802166700001402184700001902198856013202217       2023                        eng d  a0233-111X00aMultipurpose cellulases of Promicromonospora sp. VP111, with broad substrate specificity and tolerance properties0 aMultipurpose cellulases of Promicromonospora sp VP111 with broad  cJUL  a790-8000 v633 a<p>
	Cellulolytic actinobacterium, Promicromonospora sp. VP111 concomitantly produced cellulases (CELs), xylanase and pectinase when grown on commercial cellulose and untreated agricultural lignocellulosic residues (wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse). Secreted CELs hydrolyzed (enhanced with Co2+ ion) multiple cellulosic substrates, including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), Whatman filter paper no. 1, microcrystalline cellulose (avicel), p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), laminarin, and cellulose powder. The CELs showed stabilities in the presence of various chemicals, including glucose (0.2 M), detergents (1%, w/v or v/v), denaturants (1%, w/v or v/v), and sodium chloride (NaCl, 30%, w/v). The CELs were fractionated using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Activities (%) of fractionated CELs were retained at 60 degrees C for endoglucanase/carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) (88.38), filter paper cellulase (FPase) (77.55), and beta-glucosidase (90.52), which indicated of thermo-stability. Similarly, the activities (%) for CMCase (85.79), FPase (82.48), and beta-glucosidase (85.92) at pH 8.5 indicated of alkaline-stability. Kinetic factors, K-m and V-max for endoglucanase component of fractionated CELs were 0.014 g/l and 158.23 mu M glucose/min/mL, respectively. Fractionated CELs yielded activation energies (kJ/mol) of 17.933, 6.294, and 4.207 for CMCase, FPase, and beta-glucosidase activities, respectively in linear thermostable Arrhenius plots. Thus, this study reports on the multipurpose CELs from an untreated agricultural residue utilizing Promicromonospora in relation to broad substrate specificity, halo-tolerance, alkaline-tolerance, detergent-tolerance, thermo-tolerance, organic solvent-tolerance, and end product-tolerance.</p>
10acellulases10acellulose10aEndoglucanase10aLignocellulose10aPromicromonospora sp10aVP1111 aThomas, Lebin1 aRam, Hari1 aSingh, Ved, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/multipurpose-cellulases-promicromonospora-sp-vp111-broad-substrate-specificity-and-tolerance02182nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000800226300001100234490000800245520148200253653001701735653001401752653001201766653002401778653002501802100002601827856012301853       2024                        eng d  a0961-953400aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose: State-of-the-art of green depolymerisation technique0 aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose Stateoftheart of gre  cMAY  a1071820 v1843 a<p>
	Bio-refinery is a critical infrastructure to facilitate the fullest energy extraction from the pivotal energy resource biomass. Hydrolysis of the most abundant biomass constituent biopolymer cellulose to produce cello-oligomers and glucose is a critical step for the efficient production of various chemicals and fuels. Supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) of cellulose has emerged as the promising greener technology for the production of glucose and simple sugars. Glucose production by SCWH enables the process integration or cascading for the production of various biofuels, bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and various bio-products, necessary for the impeccable success of cellulosic biomass-based bio-refinery. Starting from the unique interaction of cellulose and supercritical water, this minireview provides an insight into the various aspects of the SCWH of cellulose including mechanism, reaction pathways, product distribution, process optimization, and kinetic modelling. The batch reactors are simple reactor configurations for such high pressure and temperature; however, continuous flow reactors are essential for better control over process conditions and for an efficient process. With more understanding of reaction mechanism and product distribution, heat and mass transfer conjugation with reaction rates and design of high-pressure equipment, an efficient completely green process can be developed for cellulose and such biopolymer hydrolysis.</p>
10aBio-refinery10acellulose10aglucose10aSupercritical water10aUltra-fast reactions1 aKulkarni, Sphurti, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supercritical-water-hydrolysis-cellulose-state-art-green-depolymerisation-technique00811nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260000900252490000800261653001400269653002300283653002400306100001900330700002100349700001900370700001800389700002400407700003100431856013100462       2025                        eng d  a0144-861700aStructure and properties of the cellulose fibres spun from imidazolium-based carboxylate functionalized zwitterionic liquid0 aStructure and properties of the cellulose fibres spun from imida  cJAN 0 v34810acellulose10aDirect dissolution10aZwitterionic liquid1 aJadhav, Sachin1 aSingh, Dhirendra1 aGupta, Deepika1 aGanvir, Vivek1 aSingh, Madan, Kumar1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-and-properties-cellulose-fibres-spun-imidazolium-based-carboxylate-functionalized02393nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300001600276490000700292520136200299653001401661653002401675653002001699653002001719100001501739700002301754700001701777700002001794700002301814700001601837700003701853700002201890700002501912700002701937856012701964       2025                        eng d  a2190-681500aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crystallinity and thermal stability from Terminalia catappa L. fruit peel waste0 aSustainable isolation of cellulose nanofibers with superior crys  cJUL  a21557-215720 v153 a<p>
	Turning agricultural waste into value-added products is a key focus of sustainable development. Herein, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted from the pericarp of Terminalia catappa L. for the first time. The CNF was extracted by chlorine-free pretreatment methods followed by oxalic acid hydrolysis (5 wt%) assisted with steam explosion. The prepared CNF were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTG). FTIR analysis confirmed the successful removal of lignin and hemicellulose during chemical treatment which was again validated by solid-state 13C NMR analysis. TEM image revealed that the diameter of the extracted nanofibers ranges from 14 to 18 nm. From XRD analysis, the crystallinity index of the CNF was 82%, while that of the raw sample was 62 %. The temperature at which the maximum degradation (Tmax) of CNF occurred was found to be 372 degrees C which is superior to that of the raw sample (334 degrees C). The extracted cellulose nanofibers were used to prepare cellulose paper, demonstrating a tensile strength of 1.1 MPa, indicating its potential suitability for biodegradable packaging applications.</p>
10acellulose10aCellulose nanofiber10agreen synthesis10aWaste to wealth1 aHarsha, R.1 aMol, A., P. Princy1 aPaul, Sharon1 aBadawi, Michael1 aAjithkumar, T., G.1 aRao, Jeevan1 aParameswaranpillai, Jyotishkumar1 aNair, Ajalesh, B.1 aBegum, P., M. Sabura1 aDominic, C., D. Midhun  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sustainable-isolation-cellulose-nanofibers-superior-crystallinity-and-thermal-stability02056nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001400224490000700238520127500245653001601520653002801536653001401564653000901578100001801587700001601605700001901621700001901640700003101659856012401690       2026                        eng d  a0969-023900aSimple two-step gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy methyl cellulose gels0 aSimple twostep gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy  cMAR  a2015-20300 v333 a<p>
	Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose ether that is widely utilized in hydrogel applications due to its exceptional water absorption and biocompatibility. This study reports a simple two step strategy to make mechanically robust CMC gels without any additional chemical crosslinkers and how it could be leveraged to strengthen 3D printed CMC gels. These hydrogels, prepared through acid-induced gelation followed by freeze-thawing, exhibited a compressive modulus of 12.4 +/- 0.92 kPa and a compressive strength of 491.0 +/- 18.1 kPa. They could be leveraged for strengthening 3D printing hydrogels of intricate shapes by direct ink writing. Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests indicated an order of magnitude higher storage modulus for freeze-thawed gels (FC) as compared to only acid-induced CMC gels (HCMC). Nonetheless, stress relaxation experiments revealed that FC, as well as HCMC gels, relax at similar time scales. FC gels exhibited clear birefringence under crossed polarizers, indicating molecular ordering that is consistent with the presence of ordered/crystalline domains. Such ordered domains likely contribute to the higher elastic modulus and compressive strength observed in FC gels as compared to HCMC gels.</p>
10a3D printing10aCarboxymethyl cellulose10acellulose10aGels1 aRajput, Tejas1 aSathe, Asmi1 aGopal, Animesh1 aSharma, Aakash1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simple-two-step-gelation-process-strengthen-3d-printed-carboxy-methyl-cellulose-gels