02540nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260007900234300001200313490000800325520151400333653001401847653001801861653002401879653002301903653005501926653002301981100001802004700002802022700002602050700002702076700000902103700002702112856012302139 2013 eng d a0273-228900aFunctional characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene from withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)0 aFunctional characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase g a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcJUN a729-7410 v1703 a

Glycosylation of flavonoids is mediated by family 1 uridine diphosphate (UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs). Until date, there are few reports on functionally characterized flavonoid glycosyltransferases from Withania somnifera. In this study, we cloned the glycosyltransferase gene from W. somnifera (UGT73A16) showing 85-92 % homology with UGTs from other plants. UGT73A16 was expressed as a His(6)-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Several compounds, including flavonoids, were screened as potential substrates for UGT73A16. HPLC analysis and hypsochromic shift indicated that UGT73A16 transfers a glucose molecule to several different flavonoids. Based on kinetic parameters, UGT73A16 shows more catalytic efficiency towards naringenin. Here, we explored UGT73A16 of W. somnifera as whole cell catalyst in E. coli. We used flavonoids (genistein, apigenin, kaempferol, naringenin, biochanin A, and daidzein) as substrates for this study. More than 95 % of the glucoside products were released into the medium, facilitating their isolation. Glycosylation of substrates occurred on the 7- and 3-hydroxyl group of the aglycone. UGT73A16 also displayed regiospecific glucosyl transfer activity towards 3-hydroxy flavone compound, which is the backbone of all flavonols and also for a chemically synthesized compound, not found naturally. The present study generates essential knowledge and molecular as well as biochemical tools that allow the verification of UGT73A16 in glycosylation.

10aFlavonoid10aglycosylation10aGlycosyltransferase10aHypsochromic shift10aPlant secondary product glycosyltransferase (PSPG)10aWithania somnifera1 aSingh, Somesh1 aVishwakarma, Rishi., K.1 aKumar, R., J. Santosh1 aSonawane, Prashant, D.1 aRuby1 aKhan, Bashir, Mohammad uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/functional-characterization-flavonoid-glycosyltransferase-gene-withania-somnifera-002606nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001100229490000800240520174200248653001601990653001202006653001402018653002002032653005502052100001602107700001802123700001702141700002102158700002102179700001602200856012402216 2026 eng d a0981-942800aPhenylpropanoid-specific glycosyltransferases from mango and their potential role in defense0 aPhenylpropanoidspecific glycosyltransferases from mango and thei cMAR a1111370 v2323 a

Alphonso mango (Mangifera indica cv. Alphonso) is a cornerstone of India's fruit industry due to its distinct aroma and shelf-life characteristics. The uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play a crucial role in stabilising aroma and defense-related specialised metabolites in fruits. The present study explores the potential role of UGTs during mango ripening and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. Gene expression analysis indicated that UGTs showed dynamic expression in skin and pulp during ripening. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substrate-driven divergence of UGTs, with MiUGT92A14 and MiUGT95B15 forming distinct clades associated with flavonoid glycosylation. Recombinant UGTs showed a higher preference for UDP-glucose, which is corroborated by the high accumulation of UDP-glucose during ripening. Furthermore, it was observed that MiUGT92A14 prefers phenolic acids as substrates, while MiGT95B15 shows flavonoid specificity. Spore germination assays demonstrated that both aglycones and their glycosylated derivatives suppressed early fungal morphogenesis, supporting a role for UGT-mediated glycosylation in maintaining defense-related metabolites in a bioactive yet non-toxic form during fruit ripening. Additionally, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inhibition assays demonstrated that glycosylated products of selected UGTs exhibited equal or enhanced antifungal activity compared with their aglycone forms, indicating that glycosylation promotes the safe accumulation of antifungal compounds by reducing aglycone toxicity to the plant. These findings suggest that glycosylation of specific metabolites is a key for ripening process and to potentiate defence against fungal pathogen.

10aAnthracnose10adefense10aFlavonoid10aGlycoconjugates10aUridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyl-transferase1 aVare, Tejas1 aJoshi, Rakesh1 aLiao, Jieren1 aHoffmann, Thomas1 aSchwab, Wilfried1 aGiri, Ashok uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phenylpropanoid-specific-glycosyltransferases-mango-and-their-potential-role-defense02499nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245003300055210003300088260000800121300001100129490000800140520189500148653001002043653001402053653002402067653002602091653001302117100002902130700002502159700002002184856006502204 2026 eng d a0168-945200aRootless survivors in plants0 aRootless survivors in plants cMAR a1129510 v3643 a

The root system provides anchorage, uptakes of nutrients and water, and forms different associations within soil environments that govern plant fitness, crop performance, and yield. Auxin controls almost all aspects of root development. Both shoot- and root-derived auxins contribute to formation of polar auxin transport, which is crucial for establishing and maintaining normal root architecture. The coordinated activities of auxin influx and efflux carriers establish necessary polar auxin transport. A variety of natural metabolites and synthetic compounds are shown to interfere with auxin metabolism, transporters and signaling pathways having a negative impact on root growth. In this review, we highlight the reports demonstrating the observance of rootless phenotypes in plants and associated molecular mechanisms. Rootless phenotypes can be produced under in vitro culture conditions by modulation of phytohormone combinations (especially auxin and cytokinin), and supplementation of naturally-occurring flavonoids and their glycosides or synthetic auxin transport inhibitors (1-Nnaphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid) or under in vivo conditions by modulation of several genes directly or indirectly associated with auxin biology. Further, we describe the crosstalk of naturallyoccurring flavonoids (e.g. kaempferol, quercetin), their glycosides, and other metabolites (e.g. azelaic acid, cis-cinnamic acid) with auxin transporters, their mobile nature, and influence on root development. Moreover, we provide evolutionary perspective on the auxin and flavonoid pathways and their possible roles in naturally rootless plants. We also emphasize the importance of rootless or reduced root growth phenotypes in modern agriculture, and the pressing needs to utilize naturally occurring auxin transport inhibitors for industrial and research applications.

10aAuxin10aFlavonoid10aFlavonoid-glycoside10aPolar auxin transport10arootless1 aKondhare, Kirtikumar, R.1 aLavhale, Santosh, G.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rootless-survivors-plants