01882nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260006900216300001000285490000800295520101100303653001301314653002001327653001601347653002401363653002601387100002501413700002601438700002901464700002201493856012501515       2005                        eng d  a0921-510700aRapid hydrothermal synthesis route for nanocrystalline SrZrO3 using reactive precursors0 aRapid hydrothermal synthesis route for nanocrystalline SrZrO3 us  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcMAY  a87-930 v1193 a<p>Synthesis of nanocrystalline, orthorhombic (space group Pnma) SrZrO3 was achieved using appropriate molar proportions of nitrate salts of strontium and zirconium as precursors. Formation of SrZrO3 (SZ) was facilitated hydrothermally in time period as less as half-an-hour, in aqueous medium with alkaline pH as confirmed by XRD. Sample characterization was performed by FT-IR spectroscopy; powder XRD, SEM, TEM and DSC. The results have been explained by proposing a suitable reaction mechanism based on the step-wise analysis of the reaction intermediates using FT-IR as well as XRD. A double cation hydroxide composite formation is anticipated that under hydrothermal conditions results in the formation of SrZrO3. Morphology of the samples was determined with the help of SEM and TEM. The particle size distribution as seen from the TEM micrograph lies in the range of 15-25 nm. Heats of reaction for different decomposition steps were obtained by DSC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCeramics10aCrystallization10adiffraction10aElectron microscopy10ainfrared spectroscopy1 aAthawale, Anjali, A.1 aChandwadkar, Asha, J.1 aKarandikar, Prashant, R.1 aBapat, Malini, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rapid-hydrothermal-synthesis-route-nanocrystalline-srzro3-using-reactive-precursors-001934nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260006800263300001200331490000700343520104200350653002001392653000801412653003801420653001501458653001801473653000801491100002201499700002101521700001801542856013201560       2005                        eng d  a0887-626600aStudies on characterization of nano CaCO3 prepared by the in situ deposition technique and its application in PP-nano CaCO3 composites0 aStudies on characterization of nano CaCO3 prepared by the in sit  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJAN  a107-1130 v433 a<p>The elegant approach of in situ deposition technique was used for the synthesis of nano CaCO3 the nanosize of particles was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for determination of the enthalpy. The nano CaCO3 polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by taking 2 and 10 wt % of different nanosizes (21-39 nm) of CaCO3. Conversion of the alpha phase to beta was observed in the case of 2 wt % of a 30-nm sized amount of CaCO3 in a PP composite. The decrement in DeltaH and percent. crystallinity, as well as the increment in melt temperature were recorded for 6 wt % nano CaCO3 with a decrease in nanosize from 39 to 21 nm. The increment in tensile strength with an increase in the amount of nano CaCO3 was observed, and the tower particle size shoved Greater improvement. The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties is because of the formation of a greater number of small spherulites uniformly present in the PP matrix. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10aCrystallization10aDSC10amechanical and thermal properties10anano CaCO310apolypropylene10aXRD1 aMishra, Satyendra1 aSonawane, S., H.1 aSingh, R., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-characterization-nano-caco3-prepared-situ-deposition-technique-and-its-application-001639nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245017900055210006900234260006800303300001200371490000700383520068300390653001801073653002001091653002101111653002001132653002701152653000801179653002401187100002901211700002501240856013201265       2007                        eng d  a0887-624X00aSynthesis and characterization of poly(higher-alpha-olefin)s with a nickel(alpha-diimine)/methylaluminoxane catalyst system: effect of chain running on the polymer properties0 aSynthesis and characterization of polyhigheralphaolefins with a   a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJAN  a191-2100 v453 a<p>Homopolymerization of octadecene-1 at different reaction conditions has been studied. Significant chain running can be seen at higher polymerization temperatures. Interestingly, insertion of octadecene-1 into a sterically hindered nickel-cation/carbon (secondary) bond is observed. The microstructure of the polymer was established using NMR spectroscopy. The effects of chain running on polymer melting, crystallization behavior, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties were studied using DSC and DMTA. The extent of chain running (i.e., 2 omega-, 1,omega-enchainments) decreases with an increase in the carbon number of alpha-olefins. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10achain running10aCrystallization10aglass transition10amelt transition10anickel (alpha-diimine)10aNMR10apoly(alpha-olefin)s1 aSubramanyam, Ummadisetty1 aSivaram, Swaminathan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-polyhigher-alpha-olefins-nickelalpha-diiminemethylaluminoxane01950nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260007700248300001200325490000800337520113500345653002001480653002101500653002601521653002901547100002001576700001901596856012901615       2008                        eng d  a1022-136000aStudies on the effect of glass transition on the crystalline transition in syndiotactic polystyrene - solvent complexes0 aStudies on the effect of glass transition on the crystalline tra  aPO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcNOV  a109-1140 v2733 a<p>Amorphous syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) was crystallized at room temperature in Norbornadiene (bicyclo[2,2,1]-hepta-2,5-diene), Mesitylene (1,3,5-Trimethyl benzene), 3-Carene (3,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-ene) and DMN (1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene) to form the sPS-solvent complex (h form) with respective solvent molecules. In situ HTFTIR studies showed that the delta form to gamma form transformation temperature occurs well below the glass transition temperature of sPS, which is depressed due to the presence of solvent in the amorphous phase; higher the solvent content in the complex, lower the transition temperature. Glass transition temperatures determined by Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) coincide with the transition temperatures, indicating that the delta form transforms into gamma form at the glass transition temperature for these complexes. Such a behavior is very different from the behaviour of the sPS- solvent complexes formed by dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, o-dichlorobenzene, decalin (cis-trans) etc. and for these complexes the transition occur well above the T(g).</p>10aCrystallization10aglass transition10ainfrared spectroscopy10aSyndiotactic polystyrene1 aNaidu, Sudhakar1 aRamesh, N., C.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/studies-effect-glass-transition-crystalline-transition-syndiotactic-polystyrene-solvent-001826nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260007300264300001200337490000800349520081600357653001501173653002001188653003801208653003101246653001401277653001101291100002801302700002101330700002401351700002901375700002501404856013101429       2010                        eng d  a1387-181100aMicro-/meso-porous stannosilicate composites (Sn-MFI/MCM-41) via two-step crystallization process: process parameter-phase relationship0 aMicromesoporous stannosilicate composites SnMFIMCM41 via twostep  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC  a115-1250 v1363 a<p>Sn-MFI/MCM-41 composite material was successfully synthesized by monitoring the re-crystallization time in a simple two-step crystallization process. The length of period allowed for the recrystallization of the precursor species was found to be a controlling factor to achieve either the end members viz. Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-MFI or Sn-MFI/MCM-41 composite material. Powder XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, nitrogen sorption measurement, DRUV-vis and hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol reaction were used as the characterization tools. Attempts were also made to establish the relationship between type of phase formed and the process parameters such as aging time, re-crystallization temperature, time and molar ratios of TPAOH/SiO(2), CTMABr/SiO(2) and SiO(2)/SnO(2) in the gel. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10acomposites10aCrystallization10aMicro-/meso-porous stannosilicate10ap-Cresol hydroxyalkylation10aSn-MCM-4110aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, Prashant, S.1 aGarade, Ajit, C.1 aJha, Ratnesh, Kumar1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V.1 aJoshi, Praphulla, N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/micro-meso-porous-stannosilicate-composites-sn-mfimcm-41-two-step-crystallization-process-001968nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245019500055210006900250260007900319300001400398490000800412520102600420653002001446653001001466653002101476653003001497653001201527100002201539700002601561700002101587856013001608       2013                        eng d  a0273-228900aCrystalline xylitol production by a novel yeast, pichia caribbica (HQ222812), and its application for quorum sensing inhibition in gram-negative marker strain chromobacterium violaceum CV0260 aCrystalline xylitol production by a novel yeast pichia caribbica  a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcMAR  a1753-17630 v1693 a<p>Xylitol, a sugar alcohol, is fast gaining ground over other artificial sugar substitutes owing to its advantageous properties. Xylitol is a safer alternative for diabetics because of insulin-independent metabolism. It has beneficial properties suitable to form an important part of odontological formulations. Conventional commercial production of xylitol involves harsh chemical method operating at high temperature and pressure. Thus, microbial production of xylitol is preferred over chemical method, and yeasts have been extensively exploited for this purpose. In the present manuscript, quantitative production of xylitol from d-xylose with the yield of 0.852 gm/gm and volumetric productivity of 1.83 gm/l/h in crystalline form, using novel yeast Pichia caribbica is reported. Also, a mild, safe procedure for product extraction is described. The ability of xylitol to act as a quorum sensing antagonist in gram-negative marker strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 has been demonstrated for the first time.</p>10aCrystallization10aCV02610aPichia caribbica10aQuorum sensing antagonist10axylitol1 aMukherji, Ruchira1 aJoshi-Navare, Kasturi1 aPrabhune, Asmita  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystalline-xylitol-production-novel-yeast-pichia-caribbica-hq222812-and-its-application-002328nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260010200197300001400299490000700313520153300320653000801853653002001861653001101881653001501892653001701907653002001924100002401944700002201968856010801990       2013                        eng d  a0256-249900aCrystallization: key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects0 aCrystallization key thermodynamic kinetic and hydrodynamic aspec  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbINDIAN ACAD SCIENCEScDEC  a1287-13370 v383 a<p>Crystallization is extensively used in different industrial applications, including the production of a wide range of materials such as fertilizers, detergents, food and pharmaceutical products, as well as in the mineral processing industries and treatment of waste effluents. In spite of the wide-spread use of crystallization, a clear understanding of the thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of the design methodologies are not yet well established. More often than not crystallization is still considered an art especially in fine-chemicals, pharmaceuticals and life-sciences sector. It is essential to understand and relate key thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects to crystallizer performance, not just in terms of yield but also in terms of product quality (characterized by particle size distribution, morphology, polymorphism and the amount of strain as well as the uptake of solvent or impurities in the crystal lattice). This paper attempts to do that by critically reviewing published experimental and modelling studies on establishing and enhancing state-of-the-art thermodynamic, kinetic and hydrodynamic aspects of crystallization. Efforts are made to discuss and raise points for emerging modelling tools needed for a flexible design and operation of crystallizers and crystallization processes that are needed to meet the ever increasing demand on precise product specifications. Focus is on bringing out the trends which can be used as perspectives for future studies in this field.</p>10aCFD10aCrystallization10agrowth10aNucleation10apolymorphism10asupersaturation1 aVedantam, Sreepriya1 aRanade, Vivek, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystallization-key-thermodynamic-kinetic-and-hydrodynamic-aspects-002213nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160260007300229300001000302490000800312520137700320653002001697653000801717653001301725653001501738653001101753100002201764700002001786700001801806700001801824856012901842       2013                        eng d  a1387-181100aCrystallization kinetics of Sn-MFI molecular sieve formation by dry gel cross mark conversion method0 aCrystallization kinetics of SnMFI molecular sieve formation by d  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcDEC  a73-800 v1823 a<p>The conversion of amorphous stannosilicate dry gel into crystalline molecular sieve with MFI structure (Sn-MFI) was achieved by dry gel conversion (DGC) method at 413, 443 and 473 K. For comparison purpose, Sn-MFI molecular sieve with similar SiO2/SnO2 mole ratio was also obtained by hydrothermal crystallization route. Crystallization curves were established by conducting time dependant studies on progressive crystallization processes for both the systems. The values of activation energy of nucleation (E-n), activation energy of crystallization (E-c), and their pre-exponential factors (InA(n), InA(c) respectively) were calculated from Arrhenius plots. Compared to the hydrothermal method, shorter induction period was observed when DGC method was employed. Both the E-n (49.70 kJ/mol) and E-c (52.82 kJ/mol) for DGC method were found to be lower than that of the E-n (55.70 kJ/mop and E-c (60.23 kJ/mol) for hydrothermal method. The kinetics parameters viz. K and q were derived from kinetic expressions and DGC method showed higher value of K and lower value of q compared to hydrothermal crystallization method at identical temperature. Various DGC method parameters such as water content at the bottom of autoclave and SiO2/SnO2 mole ratio have shown the influence on the kinetics of crystallization of Sn-MFI. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aCrystallization10aDGC10akinetics10aNucleation10aSn-MFI1 aNiphadkar, P., S.1 aTangale, N., P.1 aJoshi, P., N.1 aAwate, S., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/crystallization-kinetics-sn-mfi-molecular-sieve-formation-dry-gel-cross-mark-conversion-001671nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245015900055210006900214260007300283300001200356490001000368520061900378653002100997653002001018653002001038653001601058653001901074100002301093700002001116700001701136700002501153700001701178700001801195700001801213700001801231856013201249       2013                        eng d  a0169-131700aUltrasound promoted efficient and green protocol for the expeditious synthesis of 1, 4 disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles using Cu(II) doped clay as catalyst0 aUltrasound promoted efficient and green protocol for the expedit  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAUG  a351-3570 v80-813 a<p>Cu(II) doped clay catalyst has been prepared by an easy technique from inexpensive starting materials and investigated for the one pot synthesis of 1, 4-disubstituted 1, 2, 3-triazoles via Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. The catalyst is highly active, selective, and stable and can be reused several times. The prepared catalyst has been characterized by XRD, BET-SA, H-2-TPR, SEM and XPS techniques. This transformation is fast, efficient and does not require nitrogen atmosphere or anoxic conditions and additive. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCatalyst support10aCopper catalyst10aCrystallization10aselectivity10aSustainability1 aDar, Bashir, Ahmad1 aBhowmik, Amrita1 aSharma, Amit1 aSharma, Parduman, R.1 aLazar, Anish1 aSingh, A., P.1 aSharma, Meena1 aSingh, Baldev  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ultrasound-promoted-efficient-and-green-protocol-expeditious-synthesis-1-4-disubstituted-1-002012nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300001100229490000800240520133000248653002001578653001201598653002201610653001701632653001501649100002101664856012101685       2022                        eng d  a0032-386100aEffect of ionic interactions on crystallization of star telechelic poly (L-lactide) ionomers0 aEffect of ionic interactions on crystallization of star telechel  cJUN  a1249390 v2523 a<p>
	Effect of ionic interactions on crystallization properties of star telechelic poly(L-lactide) ionomers was studied by performing isothermal crystallization experiments. We report a comparison between star PLLA and star telechelic PLLA ionomer. It was evident that the ionic interactions in the ionomer affected the crystallization rate as well as modified the spherulitic morphology. Employing Avrami analysis on the isothermal crystallization data we show that star PLLA shows faster crystallization at higher temperatures (closer to melting point) than the star PLLA ionomer. However, a reversal of this trend in crystallization is observed at lower temperatures (closer to glass transition temperature). The origin of high temperatures behaviour comparison is explained in terms of the higher secondary nucleation barrier for ionomers using the famous Lauritzen- Hoffman secondary nucleation theory. However, we point out that the assumption of equal diffusion barrier in this theory limits its range of applicability. In order to explain the low temperature behaviour, we invoke the activation energy comparison in PLLA and ionomer using rheological studies. We show that although the presence of ions in the polymer impede the secondary nucleation process, its effect is only observed at higher temperatures.</p>
10aCrystallization10aIonomer10aPoly( L -lactide)10aStar polymer10aTelechelic1 aKulkarni, Amruta  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-ionic-interactions-crystallization-star-telechelic-poly-l-lactide-ionomers02487nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000900249300001400258490000600272520153800278653002001816653002001836653003501856653002101891653001401912100002501926700002001951700001901971700002301990700001902013700002002032700003102052856012602083       2024                        eng d  a2637-610500aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) blends for 3D printing application0 aEnhancing the crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties  cMAY   a5754-57620 v63 a<p>
	3D printing of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends has been attempted to resolve issues such as inherent brittleness and slow crystallization rate of PLA. However, a persistent challenge remains in the form of phase separation or gradual migration of the blended soft polymer or plasticizers. To simultaneously enhance the miscibility of the blends and toughness of 3D-printed parts, a triblock copolymer PLA-PEG-PLA was synthesized and blended with PLA in varying proportions (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt %). Blending only 10-20 wt % low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA into PLA yielded a miscible blend that showed a 45-fold increase in elongation at break and a 23-fold enhancement in toughness over neat PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of fractured cross sections revealed a brittle to ductile transition in 3D-printed PLA/PLA-PEG-PLA samples. Isothermal crystallization studies and data analysis using the Avrami equation showed an enhancement in the crystal growth rate and overall rate of crystallization. The blends achieved half of their crystallinity in approximately 3 min, a significant improvement over the 9 min required by PLA alone. This underscores the efficiency of our approach. This was also evident in the spherulite growth of 3D-printed PLA and mPLA blends when examined using polarized optical microscopy (POM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report exploring the use of blends that include PLA and low molecular weight PLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymers for 3D printing applications.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10aPLA-PEG-PLA triblock copolymer10apoly(lacticacid)10atoughness1 aKothavade, Premkumar1 aYadav, Prashant1 aGopal, Animesh1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aKafi, Abdullah1 aBateman, Stuart1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhancing-crystallization-kinetics-and-mechanical-properties-polylactic-acid-blends-3d01698nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245003700055210003600092260000800128300001100136490000800147520103300155653001701188653002001205653001301225653001601238653001301254653001001267100002401277700002301301700002401324700002701348856006901375       2025                        eng d  a0008-621500aDesymmetrization of myo-inositol0 aDesymmetrization of myoinositol  cJUL  a1095050 v5533 a<p>
	Chemistry and biology of phosphoinositols have been intensely investigated areas of research over the last 4-5 decades due to their involvement in cellular signal transduction pathways. Efficient laboratory synthesis of enantiomeric derivatives of inositols was a central issue since they were required for the delineation of the myo-inositol cycle as well as for the total synthesis of polyol based natural products and their derivatives. This essentially meant the development of competent methods for the desymmetrization of myo-inositol leading to the preparation of enantiomeric O-substituted derivatives of myo-inositol. This was approached by: the classical resolution methods involving separable diastereomers, the chiral pool synthesis, enzyme catalysis, asymmetric catalysis and preferential crystallization of enantiomers in a racemic conglomerate. This review summarizes results obtained in author's laboratory, as well as those reported in the literature on attempts at desymmetrization of myo-inositol.</p>
10aConglomerate10aCrystallization10aCyclitol10aEnantiomers10aInositol10aLipid1 aPatil, Nivedita, T.1 aPatil, Madhuri, T.1 aGonnade, Rajesh, G.1 aShashidhar, Mysore, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/desymmetrization-myo-inositol02521nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260000800197300001400205490000600219520170800225653000901933653002001942653001801962653001701980653001901997100001802016700002002034700001802054700002702072700002402099700002702123856010502150       2025                        eng d  a2637-610500aThermal properties of polyethylene-grafted sheetlike silsesquioxanes0 aThermal properties of polyethylenegrafted sheetlike silsesquioxa  cMAR  a4290-43000 v73 a<p>
	Polyethylene-grafted layered silsesquioxanes, termed polyethylene-clays (PEC), are nanocomposites comprising polyethylene chains tethered to inorganic sheets with a phyllosilicate-like structure. Here, we report that these nanocomposites show two-stage crystallization on cooling, qualitatively different from previous reports on polyethylene nanocomposites. We employ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study the melting and crystallization of PEC. End tethering of the polyethylene chains to a nanosheet strongly influences the manner in which PEC crystallizes from the melt on cooling. PEC exhibits two-step crystallization, characterized by a sharp high-temperature exotherm, followed by a broader exotherm at lower temperatures, in contrast to a single sharp exotherm for neat polyethylene. SAXS indicates that lamellar stacks form at high temperatures and that the low-temperature exotherm corresponds to the formation of additional lamellae and their insertion within these stacks. PEC exhibits lower peak melting temperature, lower crystallinity, and a wider melting range relative to polyethylene. We show that the progress of crystallization of PEC is determined by its ultraslow relaxation dynamics. In contrast, PEC in xylene solution exhibits a significantly shorter relaxation time than the melt PEC. Such systems exhibited a single exotherm on cooling and SAXS structure factor peaks with peak positions in a ratio of 1:2. We hypothesize that the high melt viscosity inhibits the crystallization-induced decrease in the specific volume of PEC, resulting in tensile internal stresses that determine the observed thermal behavior.</p>
10aclay10aCrystallization10aNanocomposite10aPolyethylene10asilsesquioxane1 aSharma, Vivek1 aPaulbudhe, Uday1 aGupta, Poonam1 aZalte, Akshat, Shirish1 aChikkali, Samir, H.1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermal-properties-polyethylene-grafted-sheetlike-silsesquioxanes02707nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000900237300001400246490000600260520184600266653002002112653002002132653006402152653001402216653001202230100001902242700002002261700002302281700003102304856013002335       2025                        eng d  a2637-610500aUpcycling of postconsumer recyclate polypropylene into low warping and high toughness 3D printable filaments0 aUpcycling of postconsumer recyclate polypropylene into low warpi  cJUN   a7373-73810 v73 a<p>
	Polypropylene (PP) is widely used in commodity applications owing to its chemical stability, mechanical properties and low cost. However, almost 50% of the produced PP ends up as postconsumer waste (PCW) within a short period of usage. Being a non-biodegradable polymer, recycling PCW PP is important to mitigate plastic waste in landfills. Nonetheless, recycling or upcycling postconsumer recyclate (PCR) PP into valuable resources without deterioration in physical and mechanical properties is a challenge. This report presents an approach to upcycle PCR polypropylene (rPP) into high quality 3D printing filament that not only prints with very low warpage but with significantly high elongation at break and toughness. Incorporation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) along with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) in specific proportions led to a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, miscibility, crystallization behavior, and 3D printability. rPP/PBAT blends with 20 wt % PBAT and 10 wt % MAPP exhibited a 62-fold enhancement in elongation at break over rPP (from 1.88 to 118.29%) and a 72-fold increase in toughness (from 2 to 143.60 kJ/m3) with almost similar tensile strength. The final printed components had better layer adhesion and structural stability with a dramatic decrease in warpage, from 25.82% for pristine rPP to only 7.86% for rPP/PBAT blend. Isothermal crystallization studies and data analysis using the Avrami equation showed that crystallization half-time (t 1/2), which measures the duration needed for half of the total crystallinity to form, increased from 12.6 s for rPP to 66 s for the rPP/PBAT blend. This report demonstrates an approach to upcycle PCR PP, a positive step toward realizing the goals of circular economy and sustainable additive manufacturing.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10apolypropylene/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)blends10atoughness10awarpage1 aGopal, Animesh1 aPatil, Prashant1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upcycling-postconsumer-recyclate-polypropylene-low-warping-and-high-toughness-3d-printable02302nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011300055210006900168260000800237300001400245490000700259520147700266653002001743653002001763653003701783653001401820653001401834653001201848100001901860700001801879700003101897856013201928       2026                        eng d  a0032-388800aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylene for fused filament fabrication 3D printing0 aLow warping and high toughness recycled high density polyethylen  cJUN  a4390-44020 v663 a<p>
	The incorporation of recycled polymers in additive manufacturing offers a sustainable pathway to reduce plastic waste while enabling cost-effective production of functional components. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is an attractive material for 3D printing owing to its low density, chemical resistance, and recyclability. However, its high crystallinity and tendency to shrink often lead to warpage and poor interlayer adhesion. This study proposes a blend-based strategy to overcome these limitations by incorporating tough linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) into recycled HDPE (rHDPE). The blends were prepared through melt extrusion, and their mechanical, rheological, morphological, and thermal properties, and 3D printability were comprehensively evaluated. rHDPE/LLDPE blends showed a remarkable improvement in elongation at break (from 3.2% to 84.7%) and toughness without compromising tensile strength. Addition of LLDPE led to a moderate reduction in the crystallinity of rHDPE/LLDPE blends (from 69% to 52.5%) but a significant reduction in the warpage of 3D printed samples (from 27% to 7.6%). Rheological and morphological analyses confirmed good miscibility and uniform phase distribution in the blends, with increasing LLDPE content enhancing complex viscosity and melt elasticity. Overall, the rHDPE/LLDPE blends exhibit superior mechanical performance and reduced warpage, establishing their potential for FFF 3D printing applications.</p>
10aCrystallization10aFFF 3D printing10ahigh-density polyethylene blends10aRecycling10atoughness10awarpage1 aGopal, Animesh1 aChaubal, Aman1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-warping-and-high-toughness-recycled-high-density-polyethylene-fused-filament-fabrication