02084nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260006800212300001400280490000700294520122900301653003201530653001401562653001001576653002401586653002401610100001901634700001901653700002501672700002401697856012101721       2005                        eng d  a0887-626600aPoly(acrylonitrile) ultrafiltration membranes. I. polymer-salt-solvent interactions0 aPolyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes I polymersaltsolvent  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcAUG  a2061-20730 v433 a<p>Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the interactions among LiCl, ZnCl2, and AlCl3 with NN-dimethylformamide (DMF) and poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN). It was observed that all three salts complex with DMF as well as PAN. The strength of the cation interaction with the &gt; C=O oxygen of DMF was found to be higher than that with the -CN group of PAN. The &gt; C=O stretching frequency of DMF with ZnCl2 was red shifted, indicating stronger complex formation compared with other two cations. With the addition of salt, the salt-DMF pseudo solvent was found to become a 0 solvent for PAN compared with neat DMF. This change in PAN solvation power was primarily the result of DMF-salt complexation. As a result of the complexation, Mark-Houwink constant a, was found to reduce from 0.75 (for pure DMF) to similar to 0.6 for DMF-salt solvents, indicating decreased PAN chain expansion. Comparison of intrinsic viscosity [n] values indicated that addition of salts to PAN-DMF solutions resulted in: (i) decrease in the DMF solvation. power, which causes less expanded polymer coils, and (ii) increased interpolymer chain entanglements via salt-promoted chain association. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10aactivation energy viscosity10aAdditives10aFT-IR10aPoly(acrylonitrile)10asolution properties1 aPhadke, M., A.1 aMusale, D., A.1 aKulkarni, Sudhir, S.1 aKarode, Sandeep, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polyacrylonitrile-ultrafiltration-membranes-i-polymer-salt-solvent-interactions-102030nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006400123260012500187300001100312490000800323520114800331653001401479653002001493653002001513653001701533653001401550653002401564653001801588100003101606700002101637700002701658856009101685       2009                        eng d  a0021-960600aPolymer crystallization in the presence of ``sticky'' additives0 aPolymer crystallization in the presence of sticky additives  aCIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USAbAMER INST PHYSICScAUG  a0749050 v1313 a<p>The effect of ``sticky'' additives (viz., those that have attractive interactions with the polymer) on polymer crystallization, has been investigated by dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) simulations. Additive-polymer attractive interactions result in a slowing down of the polymer chain diffusivity in the melt state. Our results show that with increasing additive stickiness, polymer crystallinity decreases monotonically, and thinner crystallites form, viz., crystallization is inhibited by the presence of sticky additives. Unusually, the observed ``specific heat'' peak at the phase transition shows nonmonotonic behavior with additive stickiness, and exhibits a maximum for intermediate values of additive stickiness. While the origins of this unexpected behavior are not clear, we show that it correlates with a large interchange between crystalline and amorphous states of the monomers, in the vicinity of the additives. At this intermediate additive stickiness, we also find that crystallization follows a qualitatively different route-crystallinity shows a non-Avrami-like evolution, unlike the case at low or high additive stickiness.</p>10aAdditives10aamorphous state10acrystallisation10acrystallites10aDiffusion10aMonte Carlo methods10apolymer melts1 aDasmahapatra, Ashok, Kumar1 aNanavati, Hemant1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polymer-crystallization-presence-sticky-additives-002004nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260007300217300001200290490000800302520123300310653001401543653002201557653001301579653001901592653001701611100001801628700002301646856011701669       2010                        eng d  a0921-510700aEffect of additives on the co-electrodeposition of Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solder composition0 aEffect of additives on the coelectrodeposition of SnAgCu leadfre  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a219-2230 v1683 a<p>We have developed a methane sulfonic acid (MSA) based ternary electrodeposition bath for the deposition of near eutectic Sn-Ag-Cu films aimed at solder bumping applications in electronics. The bath contains thiourea as chelating agent and iso-octyl phenoxy ethanol (OPPE) as surfactant. We added gelatin to this bath and studied its effect on bath stability, microstructure of the deposited films and the film composition. It is found that the bath containing both the additives, viz. OPPE and gelatin, show improved stability up to 8-10 days. Striking improvement in the film microstructure, in terms of the compactness, uniformity and refinement of grains was found when the bath contained these additives. Detailed electrochemical studies with the help of cyclic voltametry and impedance analysis helped in understanding the role played by these additives during deposition. It is confirmed that there is a formation of loosely connected, highly non-uniform passivating film on the cathode surface, which is removed competitively by the depositing metal ions during the deposition. It is also clear that the additives play a role in the formation of such a passivating film. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAdditives10aLead-free solders10aSn-Ag-Cu10aSolder bumping10aTernary bath1 aJoseph, Shany1 aPhatak, Girish, J.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-additives-co-electrodeposition-sn-ag-cu-lead-free-solder-composition-001304nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006900125260008600194300001200280490000700292520054400299653001400843653001900857653001800876653001900894653002600913100001800939700002800957856010100985       2014                        eng d  a0039-791100aRole of additives in chiral amine-catalyzed direct aldol reaction0 aRole of additives in chiral aminecatalyzed direct aldol reaction  a325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USAbTAYLOR & FRANCIS INCcFEB  a352-3600 v443 a<p>A systematic study of chiral adducts derived from amines as catalysts for aldol reaction revealed that enantioselective outcome depends on the chiral enamine intermediate and not the face-selective activation of aldehyde. A simple addition compound of proline and 8-hydroxy quinoline was found to be a good catalyst. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications (R) for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]</p>10aAdditives10aAldol reaction10achiral amines10aorganocatalyst10apyrrolidine-catalyzed1 aSutar, R., L.1 aJoshi, Navalkishore, N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/role-additives-chiral-amine-catalyzed-direct-aldol-reaction-0