01731nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260007400274300001200348490000700360520079000367653002201157653005301179653004601232653000901278653001901287653003001306100001901336700002101355856012501376 2012 eng d a0141-549200aStructural determination and chemical esterification of the sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola grown on glucose and alpha-linolenic acid0 aStructural determination and chemical esterification of the soph aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcAPR a701-7070 v343 a

The extracellular surface-active glycolipids produced by the yeast, Candida bombicola when grown on glucose and alpha-linolenic acid, were analyzed by HPLC with electro-spray ionization (ESI-MS) and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry. The analysis confirmed that the sophorolipid (SL) mixture contained three different forms of C18:3 SL molecules: free acid, lactone and a diacetylated lactone, which has not been reported previously. Also a minor amount of diacetylated lactone form of C18:1 SL was detected. Further, the SL mixture was subjected to chemical esterification reaction with sodium methoxide. The reaction product was analyzed with ESI-MS and confirmed to be the single homogenous esterified product containing C18:3 moieties in its fatty acid chain.

10aCandida bombicola10aCollision-induced dissociation mass spectrometry10aElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry10aHPLC10aLinolenic acid10aSophorolipid methyl ester1 aGupta, Reetika1 aPrabhune, Asmita uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structural-determination-and-chemical-esterification-sophorolipids-produced-candida-002528nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245015000055210006900205260008000274300001200354490000700366520158700373653001901960653002201979653000802001653002602009653001802035653002002053100002902073700002302102700003102125856013002156 2013 eng d a1097-395800aMicrobial oxidation of medium chain fatty alcohol in the synthesis of sophorolipids by candida bombicola and its physicochemical characterization0 aMicrobial oxidation of medium chain fatty alcohol in the synthes aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcMAR a173-1810 v163 a

Sophorolipids (SL) are glycolipid biosurfactants abundantly produced from different feedstocks by yeasts and have been widely developed for various applications. The amphipathic structures of sophorolipids imparts to them surfactant type properties. These biosurfactants are readily isolated in high yield and are nontoxic and biodegradable, which make them industrially interesting as surfactants or emulsifiers. Sophorolipid production was carried out using glucose as a hydrophilic source and lauryl alcohol C12-14, as a hydrophobic source by Candida bombicola (ATCC 22214). Process economics and environmental attractiveness was increased by using a low cost substrate. Optimization studies were carried out where the effect of glucose concentration, pH, temperature and metal ions on sophorolipid production was studied. Optimum production of sophorolipid obtained using lauryl alcohol (SLLA) was achieved after 96 h, the initial pH of the medium was 6.0 with 10 % glucose at 30 A degrees C. Primary characterization of SLLA was done by FTIR. The SLLA showed high physicochemical properties in terms of the surface activities when compared with synthetic surfactants including dodecyl tetraethylene glycol ether and sodium lauryl sulfate. The surface tension of SLLA thus obtained was found to be 24 mN/m with a critical micellar concentration (CMC) value of 0.68 mg/L. Antimicrobial testing showed that SLLA have potent antimicrobial activity against both gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) and gram positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureuss (ATCC 2079).

10aBiosurfactants10aCandida bombicola10aCMC10aLauryl alcohol C12-1410asophorolipids10aSurface tension1 aPulate, Vrushali, Dengle1 aBhagwat, Sunil, S.1 aPrabhune, Asmita, Ashutosh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/microbial-oxidation-medium-chain-fatty-alcohol-synthesis-sophorolipids-candida-bombicola-002465nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008400055210006900139260008000208300001200288490000700300520158900307653002701896653001901923653002201942653001901964653001801983100002802001700002202029700002302051700003102074856011802105 2014 eng d a1097-395800aAntimicrobial and SEM studies of sophorolipids synthesized using lauryl alcohol0 aAntimicrobial and SEM studies of sophorolipids synthesized using aTIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANYbSPRINGER HEIDELBERGcMAY a543-5520 v173 a

In recent years, researchers have developed biosurfactants for industrial, pharmaceutical and medical applications revealing the promising biological activities of these biomolecules. One of the best studied microbial surfactants are glycolipids, especially sophorolipids (SLs) produced by selected non-pathogenic yeast species of Candida. They are biodegradable, non-toxic and are environmentally friendly. Sophorolipid production was carried out using glucose as the hydrophilic source and lauryl alcohol C12-14, as the hydrophobic source using Candida bombicola ATCC 22214. Primary characterization of the SL obtained using lauryl alcohol (SLLA) was done by FTIR which depicted the presence of alkyl sophorosides/SLs. Antimicrobial activity testing revealed that SLLA showed complete inhibition against gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) at 30 and 1 mu g/ml at a contact time of 2 and 4 h respectively. Whereas for gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6358), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), complete inhibition was observed at 6 and 1 mu g/ml respectively at a contact time of 4 h. The formed SLLA showed noteworthy inhibition against the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 2091) at 50 mu g/ml with a contact time of 4 h. These values are remarkably low compared to reported values of oleic acid SLs and linolenic acid SLs which were studied for antimicrobial properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the treated cells revealed the changes in morphology and topography of the microorganisms.

10aAntimicrobial property10aBiosurfactants10aCandida bombicola10aLauryl alcohol10asophorolipids1 aDengle-Pulate, Vrushali1 aChandorkar, Parul1 aBhagwat, Sunil, S.1 aPrabhune, Asmita, Ashutosh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/antimicrobial-and-sem-studies-sophorolipids-synthesized-using-lauryl-alcohol-0