02423nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260007700249300001200326490000600338520156500344653001301909653001401922653001901936653001901955653001301974100002901987700002302016700002202039856013202061 2014 eng d a2194-428800aGlycerol etherification using n-butanol to produce oxygenated additives for biodiesel fuel over H-beta zeolite catalysts0 aGlycerol etherification using nbutanol to produce oxygenated add aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcMAY a446-4520 v23 a

The catalytic etherification of glycerol has been systematically studied in batch process by using n-butanol to produce oxygenated additives for biodiesel fuels over various solid-acid catalysts, such as H-beta zeolite, ZSM-5, K10, etc.. The present work includes a detailed study of the optimization of the etherification process parameters, such as catalyst loading (7-20 wt% of glycerol), molar ratio of glycerol/n-butanol (1: 6 to 1: 15), speed of agitation (100-400 rpm), reaction temperature (413-453 K), and reaction time (0.5-4 h) in view of maximizing the glycerol conversion and selectivity towards mono-butyl-glycerol ether (ME). The catalyst reusability was studied using the optimized process parameters. Amongst the studied catalysts, the H-beta zeolite was found to be the most promising for the etherification of glycerol with glycerol conversion of 55% and a 98% selectivity towards ME formation. The H-beta zeolite was found to be an active and stable catalyst for up to 4 cycles. The use of n-butanol as alkylating agent is presented for first time, to the authors knowledge. The reaction was performed at milder operating conditions (0.5 MPa) than previously reported (2 MPa). A kinetic model was developed for the etherification reaction and the data obtained at optimized process parameters was used to calculate the kinetic parameters. The reaction rate constants at different reaction temperatures, activation energies, and pre-exponential factors were obtained for the etherification reaction with an accuracy of R-2 > 0.989.

10abiofuels10acatalysis10aetherification10afuel additives10azeolites1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aPatil, Shivraj, E.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/glycerol-etherification-using-n-butanol-produce-oxygenated-additives-biodiesel-fuel-over-h-001997nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260000800249300001100257490000800268520118700276653001901463653001801482653003301500653002401533653001701557100001801574700001801592700002501610856013201635 2020 eng d a0378-382000aMagnetically separable catalyst for condensation of renewable aldehydes and 2-methylfuran to saturated cyclic oxygenates0 aMagnetically separable catalyst for condensation of renewable al cJAN a1061910 v1973 a

The saturated cyclic ethers produced from biomass derived aldehydes and 2-methylfuran are the potential diesel fuel candidates. The synthesis of saturated cyclic ethers is a two step process which involves acid catalyzed condensation of aldehydes with 2-methylfuran and the subsequent selective furan ring hydrogenation of the condensation products. Here, we designed a novel recyclable magnetic solid acid catalyst such as [Fe3O4@SiO2-Pr-Py-H][2HSO(4)(2-)] and employed for the condensation of 2-methylfuran with formaldehyde as model substrates and reaction parameters were optimized. Under the set reaction conditions, condensation of 2-methylfuran with several other aldehydes were also successfully achieved with very good yields. Further, several supported noble metal catalysts were screened in order to find suitable catalyst system for selective furan ring hydrogenation of condensation products. Among those, 5% Pd/C was found to be very active and selective for furan ring hydrogenation without formation of ring opened products under very low hydrogen pressure at room temperature. Prepared catalysts were thoroughly characterized with sophisticated techniques.

10afuel additives10aHydrogenation10aHydroxyalkylation-alkylation10aMagnetic solid acid10aOrganosilica1 aTarade, Komal1 aShinde, Suhas1 aRode, Chandrashekhar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/magnetically-separable-catalyst-condensation-renewable-aldehydes-and-2-methylfuran-saturated02339nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260000800294300001600302490000700318520139900325653001401724653001901738653001901757653001501776653001701791653001301808653001301821100002301834700001901857700002301876700002201899700002901921856011101950 2023 eng d a2190-681500aEtherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies0 aEtherification of biomassderived glycerol to oxygenated fuel add cNOV a16285-162950 v133 a

Commercial biodiesel production is becoming popular due to its sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production involves the co-generation of crude glycerol that is not directly viable. Valorization of glycerol is essential from techno-economic perspective to achieve goals of circular economy. In this study, the glycerol etherification was carried out using tert-butyl alcohol in presence of dodecatungstophosphoric/silica (DTP/SiO2) catalyst for production of tert-butyl glycerol ethers that can be used as fuel additives. A series of DTP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with various compositions by impregnating heteropoly acids (HPA, H3PW12O40). The product analysis was performed to monitor mono-, di-, and tri-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. The kinetic studies were conducted based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constants were determined from experimental data by regression analysis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and thermogravimetric analysis. Varying DTP loadings resulted in different catalytic activities. Activation energy (38.23 kJ/mol), activation enthalpy (25.94 kJ/mol), activation entropy (-163.8 J/mol/K), and Gibbs free energy of activation (88.67 kJ/mol) were attained for DTP/SiO2 (20%) catalyst that exhibited the best selectivity for di-tert-butyl glycerol ethers.

10aCatalytic10aetherification10afuel additives10aHinselwood10aImpregnation10akinetics10aLangmuir1 aMagar, Subhash, B.1 aKapoor, Ashish1 aJana, Sumit, Kumar1 aPal, Dan, Bahadur1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/etherification-biomass-derived-glycerol-oxygenated-fuel-additives-using