01978nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260007300236300001200309490000700321520111200328653002201440653002501462653003001487653000901517653001401526100002301540700003201563700002701595856012601622       2013                        eng d  a0141-813000aBiochemical characterization of recombinant cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 (Ll-CCRH1) from Leucaena leucocephala0 aBiochemical characterization of recombinant cinnamoyl CoA reduct  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a154-1590 v583 a<p>Recombinant cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1 (Ll-CCRH1) protein from Leucaena leucocephala was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) strain and purified to apparent homogeneity. Optimum pH for forward and reverse reaction was found to be 6.5 and 7.8 respectively. The enzyme was most stable around pH 6.5 at 25 degrees C for 90 min. The enzyme showed k(cat)/k(m) for feruloyl, caffeoyl, sinapoyl, coumaroyl CoA, coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde as 4.6, 2.4, 2.3, 1.7, 1.9 and 1.2 (x10(6) M-1 s(-1)), respectively, indicating affinity of enzyme for feruloyl CoA over other substrates and preference of reduction reaction over oxidation. Activation energy, E-a for various substrates was found to be in the range of 20-50 kJ/mol. Involvement of probable carboxylate ion, histidine, lysine or tyrosine at the active site of enzyme was predicted by pH activity profile. SAXS studies of protein showed radius 3.04 nm and volume 49.25 nm(3) with oblate ellipsoid shape. Finally, metal ion inhibition studies revealed that Ll-CCRH1 is a metal independent enzyme. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aActivation energy10aCinnamoyl CoA esters10aCinnamoyl CoA reductase 110aSAXS10astability1 aSonawane, Prashant1 aVishwakarma, Rishi, Kishore1 aKhan, Bashir, Mohammad  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biochemical-characterization-recombinant-cinnamoyl-coa-reductase-1-ll-ccrh1-leucaena-001898nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260010600241300001000347490000700357520096200364653001401326653002001340653003001360653001201390653001701402653000901419100002101428700002101449700002801470700002001498856012601518       2013                        eng d  a0014-305700aEffect of clay and of electrospinning on the polymorphism, structure and morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride)0 aEffect of clay and of electrospinning on the polymorphism struct  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJAN  a90-990 v493 a<p>Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fibers, containing different amounts of montmorillonite clay were produced, in order to study the effect of clay and of the electrospinning process on the polymorphism, structure and morphology of the PVDF matrix, Clay acted as a processing aid agent, avoiding the formation of beads and improving the quality of the fibers. Clay and the electrospinning process acted synergically on the chain mobility, favoring the formation of beta phase of PVDF, the most valuable for its piezoelectric properties, and shaping its semicrystalline morphology. Electrospinning did not significantly aid the dispersion of clay within the matrix. The interplay of formulation and processing in these composites allowed to obtain PVDF-based materials with varying polymorphism, structure and morphology, offering the possibility to ultimately control their functional properties. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aComposite10aelectrospinning10aPoly(vinylidene fluoride)10aPolymer10apolymorphism10aSAXS1 aNeppalli, Ramesh1 aWanjale, Santosh1 aBirajdar, Mallinath, S.1 aCausin, Valerio  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-clay-and-electrospinning-polymorphism-structure-and-morphology-polyvinylidene-002100nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245012500055210006900180260009500249300001200344490000800356520102200364653003201386653001901418653002601437653000901463653000901472653001801481653003301499100001701532700001901549700002101568700002401589700001801613700001501631700002101646856013101667       2014                        eng d  a0021-979700aEffect of self-assembly on triiodide diffusion in water based polymer gel electrolytes: an application in dye solar cell0 aEffect of selfassembly on triiodide diffusion in water based pol  a525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USAbACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCEcJUL  a110-1170 v4253 a<p>The preparation of ordered polymer gels from the amphiphilic block copolymers, Pluronic (R) F77, P123 and polyethylene glycol in the presence of ionic liquid, iodine and organic additives is presented. At 35%(w/w) concentration these copolymers (F77 and P123) self-assembled into cubic liquid crystalline phase in aqueous solution and characterized by using SAXS and AFM measurements. The effects of micellar aggregation formed by polymers on the ionic transport and triiodide diffusion have been studied by electro-chemistry and SANS experiments. The ionic migration or triiodide diffusion through these polymer gels is found to be affected by the PEO/PPO content in the polymer backbone. These gels were successfully employed as an electrolyte in a dye sensitized solar cell. A remarkable solar to electricity conversion efficiency and good stability was obtained using Pluronic (R) F77 based gel, which is attributed to its thermoreversible sol to gel transition. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aAmphiphilic block copolymer10aDye solar cell10aMicellar nanochannels10aSANS10aSAXS10aSelf-assembly10aWater based gel electrolytes1 aSoni, S., S.1 aFadadu, K., B.1 aVekariya, R., L.1 aDebgupta, Joyashish1 aPatel, K., D.1 aGibaud, A.1 aAswal, Vinod, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-self-assembly-triiodide-diffusion-water-based-polymer-gel-electrolytes-application-002076nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260000900209300001200218490000800230520120100238653001801439653001701457653001101474653000901485653001101494100001801505700001601523700002201539700002601561700001701587700001701604700002801621700002401649856011301673       2016                        eng d  a1387-181100aHighly stable In-SBA-15 catalyst for vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction0 aHighly stable InSBA15 catalyst for vapor phase Beckmann rearrang  cNOV   a293-3020 v2343 a<p>The Indium doped SBA-15 material was prepared by sol-gel method and tested for vapor phase Beckman rearrangement reaction. Among three indium loading, In/Si ratio of 2/100 was found as an optimum composition in terms of caprolactam selectivity (100%) and cyclohexanone oxime conversion (100%). The catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption, small-angle X-rays/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, UV, FTIR and NH3-TPD techniques. In-situ SANS experiment was performed on the adsorption of CO2 to detect the micropores in the mesopore wall. All catalysts samples have highly ordered hexagonal structure with well dispersed indium in the silica matrix. The fine tuning of weak and strong acid sites were found in indium doped SBA-15 (In/Si = 2/100) catalyst. The same catalyst showed optimum catalytic performance, high space time yield 114.4 mol/h/g(cat) and high stability till 6 h of reaction without deactivation. The micro-kinetic analysis showed that there were no external and internal diffusion limitations in the SBA-15 catalyst. The reaction mechanism of Beckmann rearrangement over In-SBA-15 has been elucidated. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10ae-Caprolactam10aIn-situ SANS10aindium10aSAXS10aSBA-151 aKumar, Rawesh1 aShah, Sneha1 aBahadur, Jitendra1 aMelnichenko, Yuri, B.1 aSen, Debasis1 aMazumder, S.1 aVinod, Chathakudath, P.1 aChowdhury, Biswajit  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-stable-sba-15-catalyst-vapor-phase-beckmann-rearrangement-reaction02065nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260000800204300000800212490000700220520134200227653001801569653002401587653001101611653001401622653000901636100001801645700001701663700001701680700001901697856010701716       2019                        eng d  a1530-993200aMapping fusogenicity of ciprofloxacin-loaded liposomes with bacterial cells0 aMapping fusogenicity of ciprofloxacinloaded liposomes with bacte  cJUL  a1800 v203 a<p>The process of liposome fusion with cellular membrane plays key role in delivering encapsulated drug molecule into the cell. This process becomes very important for molecules having low permeability as they fail to reach the site of action located inside the cell. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a broad-spectrum BCS class IV antibiotic, has poor permeability. In the present work, CIP-loaded liposomes were prepared using solvent evaporation method and optimized by 3(2) factorial design approach. The optimized batch of CIP-loaded liposomes was characterized for size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, FTIR, and microbial susceptibility study on Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Confocal microscopy was used to study the fusogenicity process of CIP-loaded liposomes with bacterial cells. Additionally, the kinetics of fusogenicity process was studied using SAXS for the first time. Surprisingly, the rate of fusion of CIP-loaded liposomes with cell wall of S. aureus was twice when compared to the cell wall of E. coli. It is believed that the current work can act as a roadmap in selection of proper excipients while developing formulations which would expedite the fusogenicity and may execute pharmacological activity of poorly penetrable drug molecules at lower dose.</p>10aciprofloxacin10aconfocal microscopy10afusion10aliposomes10aSAXS1 aPatil, Runali1 aTorris, Arun1 aBhat, Suresh1 aPatil, Sharvil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/mapping-fusogenicity-ciprofloxacin-loaded-liposomes-bacterial-cells03020nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260000900259300001400268490000600282520205800288653001702346653002502363653001102388653001202399653002302411653002602434653000902460100001902469700002402488700002002512700002302532700002002555700002702575856012802602       2021                        eng d  a2637-610500aProcess-induced microstructure in viscose and lyocell regenerated cellulose fibers revealed by SAXS and SEM of acid-etched samples0 aProcessinduced microstructure in viscose and lyocell regenerated  cMAY   a2598-26070 v33 a<p>Regenerated cellulose fibers represent an important class of bioderived commercial fibers. The traditional viscose process requires the use of environmentally harmful carbon disulfide solvent to produce fibers. Lyocell fibers, produced using a more sustainable recent process, exhibit differences in properties from viscose. These differences arise from their semicrystalline microstructure, formed during fiber spinning. It is widely believed that regenerated cellulose fibers predominantly form fringed fibrillar crystals. We optimize acid etching, followed by SEM as an experimental tool to visualize this fibrillar structure. Acid etching provides sufficient topological contrast to directly visualize similar to O(10 nm) fibrils using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We combine SEM with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to reveal other microstructural details. We observe a Bragg peak, indicating the coexistence of stacked lamellar structure with crystalline fibrils for viscose fibers, but not for lyocell. Viscose and lyocell fibers are characterized by partially oriented semicrystalline microstructure. We present a methodology to calculate the Lorentz correction for such microstructure and employ this to analyze the lamellar scattering from viscose fibers using a 1D correlation function approach. We characterize the lamellar microstructure after swelling viscose fibers with water and observe expansion of the Bragg spacing due to water absorption in the amorphous regions. Our data suggest that the water-induced plasticization of amorphous regions is inhomogeneous. Lamellar stacks that are more misoriented from the fiber direction exhibit lower swelling than those along the fiber direction. The experimental methods described in this work reveal interesting details of semicrystalline microstructure in regenerated cellulose fibers, with important implications for the mechanical response of dry and wet fibers. The methods developed here might find use in investigations of other polymer fibers as well.</p>10aacid etching10acrystalline lamellae10afibers10afibrils10aLorentz correction10aRegenerated cellulose10aSAXS1 aSharma, Aakash1 aWankhede, Parnashri1 aSamant, Roopali1 aNagarkar, Shailesh1 aThakre, Shirish1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/process-induced-microstructure-viscose-and-lyocell-regenerated-cellulose-fibers-revealed