02318nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260007300221300001200294490000800306520143100314653001501745653002301760653001101783653001901794653001301813100001501826700002201841700002201863700002601885700002801911856012501939       2005                        eng d  a1381-116900aLiquid-phase alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts0 aLiquidphase alkylation of phenol with longchain olefins over WOx  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcOCT  a123-1310 v2403 a<p>The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with 1-dodecene was carried out over WOx/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconium oxyhydroxide and ammonium metatungstate. Catalysts with different WO3 loading (5-30 wt.%) were prepared and calcined at 800 degrees C and catalyst with 15% WO3 was calcined from 700-850 degrees C. All the catalysts were characterized by surface area, XRD, and FTIR. The catalyst with 15% WO3 calcined at 800 degrees C (15 WZ-800) was found to be the most active in the reaction. The effect of temperature, molar ratio and catalyst weight on dodecene conversion and products selectivity was studied in detail. Under the optimized reaction conditions of 120 degrees C, phenol/1-dodecene molar ratio 2 and time 2 h, the catalyst 15 WZ-800 gave &gt; 99% dodecene conversion with 90% dodecylphenol selectivity. Comparison of the catalytic activity of 15 WZ-800 with sulfated zirconia calcined at 500 degrees C (SZ-500) and HP zeolite showed that activity of SZ-500 was lower than that of 15 WZ-800, while HP zeolite showed negligible activity. It is observed that the presence of water in the reaction mixture was detrimental to the catalytic activity of WOx/ZrO2. The catalyst 15 WZ-800 also found to be an efficient catalyst for alkylation of phenol with long-chain olefins like 1-octene and 1-decene. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAlkylation10along-chain olefins10aphenol10atungsten oxide10aZirconia1 aSarish, S.1 aDevassy, Biju, M.1 aBohringer, Walter1 aFletcher, Jack, C. Q.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/liquid-phase-alkylation-phenol-long-chain-olefins-over-woxzro2-solid-acid-catalysts-002005nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260007300214300001200287490000800299520111400307653001101421653002401432653002001456653001301476100002201489700002101511700002601532700002201558700002601580700002801606856011701634       2005                        eng d  a1381-116900aSilicotungstate-modified zirconia as an efficient catalyst for phenol tert-butylation0 aSilicotungstatemodified zirconia as an efficient catalyst for ph  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a141-1460 v2333 a<p>The alkylation of phenol with tert-butanol was investigated using zirconia modified with silicotungstic acid (STA) as catalysts. The catalysts with different STA loading (5-25 wt.% calcined at 750 degrees C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.% calcined from 350 to 850 degrees C) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and NH3-TPD measurements. The XRD results indicate that STA stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. The catalyst with 15% STA on ZrO2 calcined at 750 degrees C shows the highest acidity and hence highest activity. Under the reaction conditions of 140 degrees C, tert-butanol/phenol molar ratio of 2 and LHSV of 4 h(-1), phenol conversion was 95.4% with selectivity to 2-tert-butyl phenol 4.3%, 4-tert-butyl phenol 59.2% and 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol 35.8%. The reaction was studied as a function of time for 50 It without appreciable change in phenol conversion and product selectivity. The deactivated catalyst could be regenerated by calcination with out appreciable lose in catalytic activity and product selectivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aphenol10aSilicotungstic acid10atert-butylation10aZirconia1 aDevassy, Biju, M.1 aShanbhag, G., V.1 aMirajkar, Subhash, P.1 aBohringer, Walter1 aFletcher, Jack, C. Q.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/silicotungstate-modified-zirconia-efficient-catalyst-phenol-tert-butylation-002048nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260007300225300001200298490000800310520115200318653001601470653001101486653002501497653001301522100002201535700002101557700001701578700002201595700002601617700002801643856012301671       2005                        eng d  a1381-116900aZirconia-supported phosphotungstic acid as catalyst for alkylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol0 aZirconiasupported phosphotungstic acid as catalyst for alkylatio  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a113-1190 v2303 a<p>The liquid-phase alkylation of phenol with benzyl alcohol was carried out using zirconia-supported phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as catalyst. The catalysts with different PTA loadings (5-20 wt.% calcined at 750 degrees C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.% calcined from 650 to 850 degrees C) were prepared and characterized by (31)p MAS NMR and FT-IR pyridine adsorption spectroscopy. The catalyst with optimum PTA loading (15%) and calcination temperature (750 degrees C) was prepared in different solvents. 31p MAS NMR spectra of the catalysts showed two types of phosphorous species, one is the Keggin unit and the other is the decomposition product of PTA and the relative amount of each depends on PTA loading, calcination temperature and the solvent used for the catalyst preparation. The catalysts with 15% PTA on zirconia calcined at 750 degrees C showed the highest Bronsted acidity. At 130 degrees C and phenol/benzyl alcohol molar ratio of 2 (time, I h), the most active catalyst, 15% PTA calcined at 750 degrees C gave 98% benzyl alcohol conversion with 83% benzyl phenol selectivity. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aBenzylation10aphenol10aPhosphotungstic acid10aZirconia1 aDevassy, Biju, M.1 aShanbhag, G., V.1 aLefebvre, F.1 aBohringer, Walter1 aFletcher, Jack, C. Q.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/zirconia-supported-phosphotungstic-acid-catalyst-alkylation-phenol-benzyl-alcohol-001801nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260007300201300001200274490000800286520104300294653001301337653001801350653001501368653001101383653001301394100002201407700001701429700001901446856010601465       2006                        eng d  a0926-860X00aLiquid phase alkylation of phenol with 1-octene over large pore zeolites0 aLiquid phase alkylation of phenol with 1octene over large pore z  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a106-1140 v3093 a<p>A comparative study is presented of the liquid phase alkylation of phenol with 1-octene over different zeolite catalysts: H-beta (BEA(15)), H-mordenite (MOR(11)) and H-USY (FAU(15)). A wide spectrum of monoalkylated products, identified as isomers of phenyl octyl ether (O-alkylate) and octyl phenol (C-alkylate), was formed in the reaction. The reaction was studied in detail over BEA(15), such studies included the influence of process variables such as temperature, reactant mole ratio, catalyst amount and alkali metal (K) poisoning on its performance in the alkylation reaction. A kinetic analysis of the reaction over BEA(15) was also carried out assuming a second order parallel reaction mechanism. The activity of the different catalysts for the reaction followed the order: BEA(15) &gt; FAU(15) &gt; MOR(11). The poisoning of BEA(15) with potassium resulted in a decrease in the catalyst activity concomitant with a decrease in the number of strong acid centres in the catalyst. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10a1-octene10aalkyl phenols10aAlkylation10aphenol10azeolites1 aWagholikar, Smita1 aMayadevi, S.1 aSivasanker, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/liquid-phase-alkylation-phenol-1-octene-over-large-pore-zeolites-002264nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260007300210300001200283490000800295520148700303653003001790653001101820653002001831653001301851100002201864700001901886700002001905856012101925       2006                        eng d  a1381-116900aPhenol tert-butylation over zirconia-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid catalyst0 aPhenol tertbutylation over zirconiasupported 12molybdophosphoric  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAR  a162-1700 v2473 a<p>The alkylation of phenol with tert-butanol was investigated using zirconia-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) as catalyst. The catalysts with different MPA loading (5-25 wt.% calcined at 700 degrees C) and calcination temperature (15 wt.% calcined from 500 to 750 degrees C) were prepared by suspending zirconium oxyhydroxide in methanol solution of MPA followed by drying and calcination. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction and (31)p MAS NMR spectroscopy measurements. The XRD results indicated that MPA stabilizes the tetragonal phase of zirconia. (31)p MAS NMR spectra showed the presence of three types of phosphorous species, phosphomolybdate in interaction with zirconia, decomposition product of MFPA and an unidentified species. IFTIR pyridine adsorption on 15% MPA catalyst calcined at different temperatures showed the presence of both Bronsted and Lewis acidity and the catalyst calcined at 700 degrees C showed the highest relative Bronsted acidity. Under the reaction conditions of 140 degrees C, tert-butanol/phenol molar ratio of 2 and LHSV of 4 h(-1), the phenol conversion was 80.6% at 2 h (selectivity to 2-TBP 11.5%, 2,4-DTBP 55.2%, and 4-TBP 25.7%), which decreased slowly with time and at 31 h, it was 58.5% (selectivity to 2-TBP 15.2%, 2,4-DTBP 41.6%, and 4-TBP 38.4%). The major reason for the catalyst deactivation was the reduction and leaching of MPA from the catalyst surface. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10a12-molybdophosphoric acid10aphenol10atert-butylation10aZirconia1 aDevassy, Biju, M.1 aShanbhag, G.V.1 aHalligudi, S.B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/phenol-tert-butylation-over-zirconia-supported-12-molybdophosphoric-acid-catalyst02512nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260007300275300001400348490000600362520159700368653002101965653003301986653002402019653001102043100002102054700002102075700002602096700002902122856013102151       2008                        eng d  a1566-736700aHighly selective synthesis of mono-ethylene glycol phenyl ethers via hydroxyalkoxylation of phenols by cyclic carbonates using large pore zeolites0 aHighly selective synthesis of monoethylene glycol phenyl ethers   aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcAPR  a1649-16550 v93 a<p>Hydroxyalkoxylation of phenols by cyclic carbonates catalyzed by alkali loaded large pore zeolites has been reported. The study shows that KL type zeolite was recyclable and selective in producing mono-ethylene glycol pheryl ethers in similar to 98.5% yield. Various substituted simple phenols were converted into mono-ethylene glycol ether of phenols with over 90% yields, except 3-bromo and 2-methyl phenols. Mono hydroxyl plienols such as hydroquinone, biphenol and BPA (2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane) also produce corresponding mono- and di-ethylene glycol ethers. The ratio of ethylene carbonate to phenol was found to be critical for selective formation of monoethylene glycol phenyl ether of phenols. A ratio of two results in formation of appreciable amount of diether derivative viz., 2-(2-phenoxyethoxy) ethanol. Compared to ethylene carbonate, a lower reactivity of 1,2-propane carbonate was found for hydroxyalkoxylation of phenol. It was found that ring opening at less hindered methylene carbon of 1,2-propylene carbonate prevailed giving rise to selective formation of beta-hydroxy phenyl ethers. The reactivity of ethylene carbonate towards O-alkylation versus transesterification of phenol has been explained on the basis of HSAB concept. Finally, it has been shown that yield of mono-ethylene glycol phenyl ether is controlled both by basicity and channel architecture of zeolite structure. KL zeolite was found to be the most effective zeolite because of it's intermediate basicity and one dimensional channel architect. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10acyclic carbonate10aethylene glycol phenyl ether10ahydroxyalkoxylation10aphenol1 aKinage, Anil, K.1 aGupte, Sunil, P.1 aChaturvedi, Rajiv, K.1 aChaudhari, Raghunath, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-selective-synthesis-mono-ethylene-glycol-phenyl-ethers-hydroxyalkoxylation-phenols-001923nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260007900217300001200296490000700308520112200315653001901437653002301456653002301479653001101502653002301513100002001536700002501556856012401581       2008                        eng d  a0141-022900aRapid and high biodegradation of phenols catalyzed by Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 cells0 aRapid and high biodegradation of phenols catalyzed by Candida tr  a360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USAbELSEVIER SCIENCE INCcNOV  a431-4350 v433 a<p>Cells of 19 yeast cultures, belonging to genus Candida were screened for biodegradation of phenol. The cultures procured from NCIM culture collection and were selected so as to contain a representative of varied strains of the species. These were grown in MGYP3 medium and tested for biodegradation of phenol. C. tropicalis (CT) nos. 3118, 3556 and C. lipolytica 3472 effectively degraded &gt;90% 2 g l(-1) phenol. The C. tropicalis 3556 strain was selected for further studies as it metabolized &gt;95% phenol in just 16 h as compared to the other two which took 48 h. The maximum substrate concentration that could be completely degraded was 2 g l(-1). A study of induction, of different concentration of phenol in the growth medium showed that toxicity to cell growth increased with increasing phenol levels in growth media. Biodegradation of phenol derivatives - o-cresol, m-cresol. 2,6-dimethyl phenol, alpha-naphthol, o-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol, by the selected three strains indicated that the specificity of each culture varied for different substrate. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiodegradation10aCandida lipolytica10aCandida tropicalis10aphenol10aPhenol derivatives1 aVarma, Rita, J.1 aGaikwad, Bhaskar, G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rapid-and-high-biodegradation-phenols-catalyzed-candida-tropicalis-ncim-3556-cells-001794nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260009900214300001200313490000700325520097900332653001901311653002301330653001501353653001101368653001201379653001401391100001801405700002001423856012101443       2009                        eng d  a0964-830500aBiodegradation and phenol tolerance by recycled cells of candida tropicalis NCIM 35560 aBiodegradation and phenol tolerance by recycled cells of candida  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUN  a539-5420 v633 a<p>Resting cells of Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 rapidly degraded almost completely 2 g L(-1) phenol in 16h. In this study, we explored the possibility of further increasing the efficiency of the culture by repeatedly reusing the cell for biodegradation. The effect of continuous recycling of whole cells of C. tropicalis, for biodegradation of phenol indicated that though with each recycle of the cell there was steady decline in phenol biodegradation the conversion was appreciable for five recycle (similar to 70%) and reached half-life of 50% after eleven recycles. Inhibition due to substrate, recycling of cells and adaptation of residual cell were estimated and an equation derived; which indicated that the cell resilience to phenol increased with each cycle and at the end of eleven recycle adaptation was 68%. However, when the adapted cells were sub cultured and showed marginal increase &lt;10% in biodegradation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiodegradation10aCandida tropicalis10aInhibition10aphenol10aRecycle10aTolerance1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGaikwad, B., G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradation-and-phenol-tolerance-recycled-cells-candida-tropicalis-ncim-3556-001942nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260005700258300001200315490000700327520113200334653001901466653001601485653002301501653001901524653001101543100001801554700002001572856013201592       2010                        eng d  a0959-399300aContinuous phenol biodegradation in a simple packed bed bioreactor of calcium alginate-immobilized Candida tropicalis (NCIM 3556)0 aContinuous phenol biodegradation in a simple packed bed bioreact  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcMAY  a805-8090 v263 a<p>Phenol biodegradation in a continuous system of immobilized Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 was studied. The bioreactor was simple, it had a feed inlet from the bottom and the effluent outlet from top, no supplementary oxygen was supplied, the reactor was operated continuously for 116 days. Initially the column was run continuously with a feed concentration of 2 g l(-1) for 42 days whence a degradation of &gt; 97% was achieved. The feed concentration was then increased to 3 g l(-1), for which a similar to 80% biodegradation was sustained for 90 days after which there was a steady decrease in the performance. When the phenol degradation was reduced to similar to 50% in 116 days, the reactor was stopped. The efficiency of free cells recycled every 24 h and immobilized cells were compared; it was estimated that repeated reuse of free cells in batch mode gave an overall efficiency of 0.102 g phenol degradation g(-1) cell wet weight in 12 days. In contrast, the immobilized system of the same biomass had a longer working lifetime of similar to 4 months indicating an efficiency of 3.72 g phenol g(-1) cell wet wt.</p>10aBiodegradation10aCa alginate10aCandida tropicalis10aImmobilization10aphenol1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGaikwad, B., G.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-phenol-biodegradation-simple-packed-bed-bioreactor-calcium-alginate-immobilized-001684nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260010600244300001400350490000700364520074300371653001501114653002401129653001801153653001101171653002101182100003101203700002501234700002701259700002401286856013201310       2012                        eng d  a0040-403900aLigand free, highly efficient synthesis of diaryl ether over copper fluorapatite as heterogeneous reusable catalyst0 aLigand free highly efficient synthesis of diaryl ether over copp  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcAPR  a1826-18290 v533 a<p>A novel ligand-free, highly efficient, and an inexpensive method has been developed by using ecofriendly, heterogeneous reusable copper fluorapatite (CuFAP) catalyst for the synthesis of diaryl ethers from the cross coupling reaction of the various substituted aryl halides (fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide) with the potassium salts of various substituted phenols in the presence of N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent at 120 degrees C. The protocol obtained the corresponding cross coupling products in good to excellent yield. The CuFAP catalyst was recovered by simple filtration from the reaction mixture and reused several times without the loss of catalytic activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aArylhalide10aCopper fluorapatite10aDiaryl ethers10aphenol10aUllmann coupling1 aMulla, Shafeek, Abdul Rash1 aInamdar, Suleman, M.1 aPathan, Mohsinkhan, Y.1 aChavan, Santosh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ligand-free-highly-efficient-synthesis-diaryl-ether-over-copper-fluorapatite-heterogeneous-001863nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260007900223300001400302490000800316520096200324653001701286653002001303653001401323653001101337653002101348653001101369100002101380700002401401700002001425700001801445700001501463856011901478       2013                        eng d  a0273-228900aBiodegradation of phenol by the yeast candida tropicalis: an investigation by NMR spectroscopy0 aBiodegradation of phenol by the yeast candida tropicalis an inve  a999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USAbHUMANA PRESS INCcAPR  a2029-20370 v1693 a<p>The process of phenol biodegradation by the yeast Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 in aqueous medium was studied by H-1, C-13, and DOSY NMR techniques. Samples at regular intervals were centrifuged to separate the cells, and H-1 spectral data were collected at 400 MHz. Though a gradual decrease in the concentration of phenol was observed, after an incubation period of similar to 8 h, formation of any intermediate products could not be detected. Experiments carried out with uniformly C-13-labeled phenol also failed to detect formation of any carboxylic acid intermediates during degradation. The studies indicated that the phenol was completely degraded to carbon dioxide and water in approximately 20 h. Self-diffusion coefficient measurements showed that the lifetime of phenol in the bound form is too small to impart any change in its diffusion behavior and the intermediates formed are converted to carbon dioxide and water at a very fast rate.</p>10abiocatalysis10aCarboxylic acid10aDiffusion10aEnzyme10aNMR spectroscopy10aphenol1 aPhalgune, U., D.1 aRajamohanan, P., R.1 aGaikwad, B., G.1 aVarma, R., J.1 aGeorge, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradation-phenol-yeast-candida-tropicalis-investigation-nmr-spectroscopy-002153nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260007100220300001400291490000600305520132100311653001401632653001101646653001901657653002201676653001201698653001301710100002201723700002201745700003001767856011401797       2014                        eng d  a2155-543500aAmbient oxidation of benzene to phenol by photocatalysis on Au/Ti0.98V0.02O2: role of holes0 aAmbient oxidation of benzene to phenol by photocatalysis on AuTi  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcSEP  a2844-28530 v43 a<p>A potential photocatalyst with 2 atom % vanadium incorporated into the 1 lattice of disordered mesoporous titania, Ti0.98V0.02O2, (TV2) was synthesized. Au was deposited on TV2 (Au/TV2) through a photodeposition method. Structural, microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques support the incorporation of vanadium into the TiO2 lattice, and Au was deposited on the surfaces of TV2. Photocatalytic oxidation of benzene was conducted at ambient temperature under UV and/or visible light to demonstrate the catalytic activity of the Au/TV2 catalyst. The TV2 lattice exhibits a quantum jump in benzene to phenol oxidation compared to that of TiO2, highlighting the importance of V for oxidation. Introduction of Au onto TV2 further increases the benzene to phenol oxidation and phenol yield by a factor of 2 under UV light compared to those of bare TV2. No significant phenol production was observed in visible light with or without gold, indicating the role of gold is indirect toward charge separation and electron storage. Nano gold clusters on TV2 selectively store photoexcited electrons and in turn maximize holes utilization on TiO2. The high photocatalytic activity of Au/TV2 is mainly attributed to the presence of Schottky junctions, disordered mesoporosity, and short diffusion lengths for charge carriers.</p>10anano gold10aphenol10aPhotocatalysis10aSchottky junction10atitania10aVanadium1 aDevaraji, Perumal1 aSathu, Naveen, K.1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/ambient-oxidation-benzene-phenol-photocatalysis-auti098v002o2-role-holes-001725nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006600121260010300187300001200290490000700302520091100309653001001220653002801230653000901258653001201267653001101279653002201290100002901312700002301341700001901364856010001383       2014                        eng d  a0376-469900aSynthesis and characterization of azoxy based mesogenic diols0 aSynthesis and characterization of azoxy based mesogenic diols  aANUSANDHAN BHAWAN, 2 RAFI MARG, NEW DELHI, 110001, INDIAbCOUNCIL SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL REScMAR  a359-3620 v533 a<p>Azoxy based rigid mesogenic diols have been synthesized using two steps. Phenol/cresol is used as starting material. Synthesized diols are characterized by IR, H-1 and C-13 NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods. Thermal properties have been determined by thermo gravimetric analysis method and crystallinity patterns have been obtained by wide angle X-ray diffiactogram. Substituted phenol (methyl) is used to study the effect of substitution on physical and thermal properties of rigid azoxy mesogenic diol. The detailed characterization of azoxy based rigid diols is reported in this communication, which is highly useful for fundamental and applied research, particularly in liquid crystals and liquid crystalline polymers. The experimental results reveal that phenol based rigid mesogenic diols have high thermal stability and degree of crystallinity than methyl substituted rigid mesogenic diols.</p>10aAzoxy10adegree of crystallinity10adiol10amesogen10aphenol10athermal stability1 aMulani, Khudbudin, Baban1 aGanjave, Nitin, V.1 aChavan, Nayaku  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-azoxy-based-mesogenic-diols-002458nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260000800202300001200210490000700222520175400229653002301983653001702006653001302023653001702036653001102053100002302064700001702087700001702104856010702121       2023                        eng d  a0161-494000aComprehensive review on catalytic O-alkylation of phenol and hydroquinone0 aComprehensive review on catalytic Oalkylation of phenol and hydr  cAPR  a455-5000 v653 a<p>The alkylation process involves two competitive paths of O- and C-alkylation and achieving better selectivity for desired products is a very challenging problem. The development of new process for synthesis of O-methylated products of phenol and dihydric phenols is a subject of high industrial and academic interest. Alkyl phenyl ethers, especially anisole and 4-methoxyphenol, have captivated significant interest due to their increasing applications in pharmaceutical industries. The main emphasis of the present review is to explore the recent development in two catalytic O-alkylation processes. The first process is O-methylation of phenol into anisole and another is selective mono O-methylation of hydroquinone into 4-methoxyphenol. The present article covers O-alkylation methods with methanol and dimethyl carbonate as alkylating agent over various acidic and basic catalytic systems. The catalyst systems analyzed involves Bronsted and Lewis acidic and basic ionic liquids, conventional acids, metal oxides, solid acid and basic catalysts, hydrotalcites, various zeolites and heteropolyacids. The mechanistic behavior of alkylation reactions in presence of different catalytic system is reviewed critically which is important to design new and/or modified catalyst in order to maximize the yield of desired product. Additionally, an influence of reaction parameters, role of catalyst and their active sites on product distribution is described. The review paper gives useful insight for researchers in the field of catalysis and reaction engineering of alkylation reactions. Understandings of the reaction pathways will help in developing reliable kinetic models necessary for process scale-up to industrial scale reactor system.</p>
10aDimethyl carbonate10aHydroquinone10aMethanol10aO-alkylation10aphenol1 aBhongale, Priyanka1 aJoshi, Sunil1 aMali, Nilesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comprehensive-review-catalytic-o-alkylation-phenol-and-hydroquinone