02281nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260011000257300001400367490000700381520133800388653002501726653001501751653004201766653001701808100002301825700003001848700002601878700001801904856012901922 2014 eng d a0019-518900aAnti-fungal potentials of extracellular metabolites of western ghats isolated streptomyces sp NII 1006 against moulds and yeasts0 aAntifungal potentials of extracellular metabolites of western gh aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcNOV a1138-11460 v523 a

Realization of hazardious effects of chemical fungicides has led to an interest in the usage of biocontrol agents. The present study, therefore, evaluates the biocontrol efficacy of Western Ghats (India) soil bacterial isolates. A potential strain NII 1006 was evaluated for its antagonistic property against a diverse range of moulds and yeasts. The strain was characterized morphologically, biochemically and molecularly, which revealed the isolate belonged to Streptomyces genus. Organic solvent extracts of NII 1006 culture filtrates inhibited the growth of the test pathogens indicating that growth suppression was due to extracellular anti-fungal metabolites present in the culture filtrates. The strain produced extracellular chitinase enzyme in addition to some stable partially purified anti-fungal compounds. Morphological changes such as hyphae degradation into debris and abnormal shapes were observed in test fungi and yeast grown on potato dextrose broth that contained the NII 1006 culture filtrate. The cell free supernatant has a tolerance to wide range of pH, temperature and enzymes such as lipase and protease. The biocontrol potential of NII 1006 strain may be correlated significantly with their ability to produce antibiotics as well as extracellular hydrolytic enzymes particularly chitinolytic enzyme.

10aAnti-fungal activity10aBiocontrol10aExtracellular anti-fungal metabolites10aStreptomyces1 aJayamurthy, Himani1 aSajna, Kuttavan, Valappil1 aDastager, Syed, Gulam1 aPandey, Ashok uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/anti-fungal-potentials-extracellular-metabolites-western-ghats-isolated-streptomyces-sp-002292nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014700055210006900202260000900271300001200280490000800292520149700300653001501797653001801812653002701830100002601857700002001883700002501903700002001928856012601948 2019 eng d a0141-813000aPotent chitin-hydrolyzing enzyme from Myrothecium verrucaria affects growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera and plant fungal pathogens0 aPotent chitinhydrolyzing enzyme from Myrothecium verrucaria affe cDEC  a517-5280 v1413 a

Chitin, a crucial structural and functional component of insects and fungi, serves as a target for pest management by utilizing novel chitinases. Here, we report the biocontrol potential of recombinant Myrothecium verrucaria endochitinase (rMvEChi) against insect pest and fungal pathogens. A complete ORF of MvEChi (1185 bp) was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Structure based sequence alignment of MvEChi revealed the presence of conserved domains SXGG and DXXDXDXE specific for GH-18 family, involved in substrate binding and catalysis, respectively. rMvEChi (46.6 kDa) showed optimum pH and temperature as 7.0 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Furthermore, rMvEChi remained stable within the pH range of 6.0 to 8.0 and up to 40 degrees C. rMvEChi exhibited k(cat)/K-m values of 129.83 x 10(3) [(g/L)(-1) s(-1)] towards 4MU chitotrioside. Hydrolysis of chitooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization (DP) using rMvEChi indicated the release of DP2 as main end product with order of reaction as DP6 > DP5 > DP4 > DP3. Bioassay of rMvEChi against Helicoverpa armigera displayed potent anti-feedant activity and induced mortality. In vitro antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi (Ustilago maydis and Bipolaris sorokiniana) exhibited significant inhibition of mycelium growth. These results suggest that MvEChi has significant potential in enzyme-based pest and pathogen management. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10aBiocontrol10aendochitinase10aMyrothecium verrucaria1 aVidhate, Ravindra, P.1 aBhide, Amey, J.1 aGaikwad, Sushama, M.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/potent-chitin-hydrolyzing-enzyme-myrothecium-verrucaria-affects-growth-and-development02402nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260000800242300001200250490000700262520150500269653002001774653001501794653001401809653001901823653002501842653002901867653002601896653001601922653002701938100002101965700002601986856012402012 2019 eng d a0233-111X00aPuzzle of highly virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strains from Annona squamosa fields against Helicoverpa armigera0 aPuzzle of highly virulent Metarhizium anisopliae strains from An cAPR a392-4010 v593 a

In our search for indigenous virulent strains of the entomopathogenic fungi, we observed that Metarhizium isolates from soils associated with Annona squamosa (custard apple) have higher virulence (>90% mortality of Helicoverpa armigera larvae at 1/10(th) spore concentration) than strains isolated from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fields. Proteomic analysis revealed two insecticidal cyclopeptides of A. squamosa origin in the M. anisopliae strains that led to higher virulence against H. armigera. Transcriptomic and genomic data indicated that M. anisopliae strains and A. squamosa had more than 20 genes in common, including those for cyclic hexapeptide synthase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, and plant cyclotide genes, which are involved in the biosynthesis of insecticidal cyclopeptides. These genes were absent in M. anisopliae strains isolated from the S. lycopersicum fields. Further, these strains can establish an endophytic relationship with A. squamosa suggesting that these rhizospheric strains originally could be endophytes, which were eventually released into the soil. Further, Metarhizium strains associated with Capsicum annuum (chili), Azadirachta indica (neem), and Carica papaya (papaya) - plants with insecticidal properties - also had higher virulence against H. armigera. Thus exploration of rhizospheres of plants producing insecticidal metabolites to isolate entomopathogenic fungi, per se, could be a viable strategy in agricultural for crop protection.

10aAnnona squamosa10aBiocontrol10aendophyte10aentomopathogen10aHelicoverpa armigera10ahorizontal gene transfer10ainsecticidal peptides10aMetarhizium10anatural transformation1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aDeshpande, Mukund, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/puzzle-highly-virulent-metarhizium-anisopliae-strains-annona-squamosa-fields-against01935nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260000800213300001000221490000700231520111400238653001501352653001501367653002101382653002701403653002301430653001701453100002601470700002301496700002401519700002001543856011801563 2023 eng d a0095-362800aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involvement in pathogenesis0 aGenomic determinants of entomopathogenic fungi and their involve cJAN a49-600 v853 a

Entomopathogenic fungi offer an effective and eco-friendly alternative to curb insect populations in biocontrol strategy. The evolutionary history of selected entomopathogenic fungi indicates their ancestral relationship with plant endophytes. During this host shifting, entomopathogenic fungi must have acquired multiple mechanisms, including a combination of various biomolecules that make them distinguishable from other fungi. In this review, we focus on understanding various biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in entomopathogenesis. In particular, we attempt to explain the indispensable role of enlarged gene families of various virulent factors, viz. chitinases, proteases, lipases, specialized metabolites, and cytochrome P450, in entomopathogenesis. Our analysis suggests that entomopathogenic fungi recruit a different set of gene products during the progression of pathogenesis. Knowledge of these bio-molecular interactions between fungi and insect hosts will allow researchers to execute pointed efforts towards the development of improved entomopathogenic fungal strains.

10aBiocontrol10aChitinases10aEndophytic fungi10aEntomopathogenic fungi10aHydrolytic enzymes10aInsect pests1 aVidhate, Ravindra, P.1 aDawkar, Vishal, V.1 aPunekar, Sachin, A.1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/genomic-determinants-entomopathogenic-fungi-and-their-involvement-pathogenesis02569nas a2200349 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260000800226300000900234490000700243520144900250653001801699653001501717653001601732653002601748100001501774700001901789700003101808700001701839700002101856700001901877700001701896700002501913700002001938700001901958700001901977700002701996700002602023700001802049700002602067856012602093 2023 eng d00aRhizospheric bacillus spp. exhibit miticidal efficacy against oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) of tea0 aRhizospheric bacillus spp exhibit miticidal efficacy against oli cNOV a26910 v113 a

Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae), popularly known as red spider mite (RSM) is one of the major pests of commercial tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) plantation world over. Many attempts have been made in the past to control this devastating pest using a variety of microbial bioagents, however, area-wise field success is very limited. We carried out an in vitro study to explore the potential of rhizospheric Bacillus spp. (B. amyloliquefaciens BAC1, B. subtilis LB22, and B. velezensis AB22) against O. coffeae through adulticidal and ovicidal activity. The 100% adult and egg mortality was observed with bacterial suspension (1 x 10(9 )CFU/mL) by B. velezensis AB22, showing the lowest LC50 values for both adults and eggs of O. coffeae, i.e., 0.28 x 10(5) and 0.29 x 10(5), respectively. The study also throws some insights into the underlying mechanism through electron microscopy study and identification of some putative pesticidal metabolites from all the species. The three Bacillus species were observed to have four commonly secreted putative bioactive secondary metabolites, brevianamide A, heptadecanoic acid, thiolutin, and versimide responsible for their bio-efficacy against O. coffeae. The outcome of our study provides a strong possibility of introducing Bacillus spp. as a biological miticide and developing synthetic metabolites mimicking the mechanistic pathway involved in microbial bioefficacy.

10aBacillus spp.10aBiocontrol10aorganic tea10aSecondary metabolites1 aBora, Popy1 aGogoi, Sukanya1 aDeshpande, Mukund, Vinayak1 aGarg, Pankaj1 aBhuyan, Rana, P.1 aAltaf, Nilofar1 aSaha, Nikita1 aBorah, Sapna, Mayuri1 aPhukon, Mousumi1 aTanti, Nabajit1 aSaikia, Bishal1 aAhmed, Shenaz, Sultana1 aBorah, Sanjib, Ranjan1 aDutta, Ashish1 aSarmah, Bidyut, Kumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/rhizospheric-bacillus-spp-exhibit-miticidal-efficacy-against-oligonychus-coffeae-acari02086nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000800247300000700255490000700262520120300269653001501472653002201487653002101509653001801530653001901548100002201567700001501589700002301604700002101627700001901648700002601667856012701693 2024 eng d a0334-212300aNew record of larval-pupal endoparasitoid Exorista deligata parasitising Indian Tea looper Hyposidra talaca from India0 aNew record of larvalpupal endoparasitoid Exorista deligata paras cMAR a230 v523 a

This is the first record of Exorista deligata (Pandell & eacute;, 1896) (Diptera: Tachinidae) as a parasitoid of Hyposidra talaca (Walker, 1860) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) from India. H. talaca is a major and new emerging defoliator of the Tea plant Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze (Theaceae). It completes multiple generations per year without diapause on C. sinensis, resulting in heavy crop loss. The field-collected larvae/pupa of H. talaca were checked for parasitoid infestations and reared until either the host or parasitoid emerged. The parasitoid was identified as E. deligata with morphological characteristics and confirmed by the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit-I (COX-CO1) gene sequencing technique. The parasitoid is infrequent with unexplored parasitic biology. It parasitises the larva and completes its lifecycle inside the developing H. talaca by entirely devouring the host. The mean percent parasitisation caused by E. deligata studied herein was 25.4% (range 5.88%-57.69%). Based on its parasitisation ability, we suggest the species could be a potential biological control agent to address the damage mitigation caused by the tea looper pest, H. talaca.

10aBiocontrol10aExorista deligata10aHyposidra talaca10aInvasive pest10aParasitisation1 aSharma, Pooja, V.1 aDas, Tamal1 aMukherjee, Susmita1 aPathan, Ejaj, K.1 aRahman, Azizur1 aGathalkar, Ganesh, B. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/new-record-larval-pupal-endoparasitoid-exorista-deligata-parasitising-indian-tea-looper