02473nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260000800252300001100260490000700271520150400278653002001782653002101802653001901823653002301842100002501865700002801890700003201918700002001950700002601970700002601996700002502022700002102047856012702068       2026                        eng d  a2213-292900aCo-existence of ZrW2O8 and ZrO2 for the catalytic conversion of levulinic acid and furfuryl alcohol into n-butyl levulinate0 aCoexistence of ZrW2O8 and ZrO2 for the catalytic conversion of l  cOCT  a1238860 v143 a<p>
	In this study, a zirconium tungstate-zirconia (ZrW2O8-ZrO2) bifunctional solid acid catalyst was synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal approach and investigated for the production of n-butyl levulinate (n-BL) from biomass-derived substrates. Comprehensive catalytic characterization using XRD, BET, FT-IR, TEM, XPS, NH3-TPD and Pyridine-IR confirmed the coexistence of cubic ZrW2O8 and monoclinic ZrO2 phases within a mesoporous framework, providing a balanced distribution of accessible Br &amp; oslash;nsted and Lewis acidic sites. The catalytic performance of ZrW2O8-ZrO2 was tested for the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) and furfuryl alcohol (FOL) with n-butanol under milder reaction conditions. Systematic variation of reaction parameters identified optimal operating conditions, under which LA esterification achieved 94% conversion with 83% n-BL selectivity, while FOL esterification reached 90% conversion with 95% n-BL selectivity, demonstrating the versatility of the catalyst towards different biomass-derived feedstocks. The catalyst also exhibited good structural and catalytic stability, maintaining conversion and selectivity over five consecutive reuse cycles. Overall, the study demonstrates that coupling bifunctional acidity with mesoporous mixed-oxide architecture enables efficient and stable production of n-butyl levulinate from biomass-derived precursors, highlighting ZrW2O8-ZrO2 (1:1) as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for sustainable ester synthesis.</p>
10aDiesel additive10aFurfuryl alcohol10alevulinic acid10an-Butyl levulinate1 aShanmugam, Manimaran1 aChandrasekaran, Kavitha1 aAnilan, Anusree, Elavanapar1 aMarimuthu, Banu1 aArumugam, Pandurangan1 aYadav, Krishna, Kumar1 aAlsaif, Norah, A. M.1 aAlam, Mir, Waqas  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/co-existence-zrw2o8-and-zro2-catalytic-conversion-levulinic-acid-and-furfuryl-alcohol-n