02439nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260007100250300001400321490000600335520144400341653001801785653001301803653003601816653002701852653002001879653001901899100002901918700002501947700001901972700002001991700003002011856013202041 2013 eng d a1944-824400aEnhanced hole carrier transport due to increased intermolecular contacts in small molecule based field effect transistors0 aEnhanced hole carrier transport due to increased intermolecular  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcAUG a7086-70930 v53 a

Small molecules and oligomers can be synthesized with very high purity and precise molecular weights, but they often do not form uniform thin films while processed from solution. Decreased intermolecular contacts between the small molecules are another disadvantage. To increase the intermolecular contacts in small molecules, we have chosen i-indigo, as one of the conjugated molecular units. The electron poor i-indigo has been connected with electron rich triphenylamine to synthesize a donor-acceptor-donor type small molecule. The propeller shaped triphenylamine helps to increase the solubility of the small molecule as well as isotropic charge transport. The intermolecular spacing between the molecules has been found to be low and did not vary as a function of thermal annealing. This implies that the intermolecular contacts between the small molecules are enhanced, and they do not vary as a function of thermal annealing. Organic field effect transistors (OFET) fabricated using a small molecule exhibited a hole carrier mobility (mu) of 0.3 cm(2)/(V s) before thermal annealing. A marginal increase in mu was observed upon thermal annealing at 150 degrees C, which has been attributed to changes in thin film morphology. The morphology of the thin films plays an important role in charge transport in addition to the intermolecular spacing that can be modulated with a judicious choice of the conjugated molecular unit.

10ahole mobility10ai-indigo10aorganic field effect transistor10aquadrupole interaction10asmall molecules10atriphenylamine1 aDharmapurikar, Satej, S.1 aArulkashmir, Arulraj1 aDas, Chayanika1 aMuddellu, Pooja1 aKrishnamoorthy, Kothandam uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhanced-hole-carrier-transport-due-increased-intermolecular-contacts-small-molecule-based-001785nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260007500215300001200290490000600302520098700308653001501295653001301310653002401323653001401347653002001361100001901381700001701400700001901417856011901436 2016 eng d a1867-388000aCompounds with low-valent p-block elements for small molecule activation and catalysis0 aCompounds with lowvalent pblock elements for small molecule acti aPOSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcFEB a486-5010 v83 a

The past decade has witnessed staggering progress in the chemistry of compounds with low-valent main-group elements. Although these discoveries are mostly fundamental by nature, these compounds show promising reactivity towards small molecule activation. The reactivity of these compounds stems from the modest HOMO-LUMO energy gap; a characteristic known for the transition metals. The journey began in 2005 with the facile activation of dihydrogen by an alkyne analog of germanium [ArGeGeAr; Ar=2,6-Trip(2)-C6H3 (Trip=2,4,6-iPr(3)-C6H2)]. Subsequently, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding and elucidating the potential of these compounds to activate small molecules as well as to use them in a variety of stoichiometric and catalytic transformations. In this review, we focus on developments in the activation of H-2, NH3, CO, and CO2 by compounds with multiply bound or open shell main-group elements. Emphasis will be given to their catalytic activity.

10aactivation10acarbenes10amain-group elements10asilylenes10asmall molecules1 aYadav, Sandeep1 aSaha, Sumana1 aSen, Sakya, S. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/compounds-low-valent-p-block-elements-small-molecule-activation-and-catalysis-102789nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245015800055210006900213260000800282300001400290490000700304520175600311653002102067653001702088653003302105653002102138653002002159100002502179700002102204700003202225700002202257700002002279700002502299700002202324700002402346856012902370 2020 eng d a0721-759500aEnzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of reactive carbonyl compounds improves the oxidative stress tolerance in cucumber, tobacco and rice seedlings0 aEnzymatic and nonenzymatic detoxification of reactive carbonyl c cSEP a1359-13720 v393 a

Detoxification of reactive carbonyl compounds (RCC) is crucial to sustain cellular activity to improve plant growth and development. Seedling growth is highly affected by accumulation of RCC under stress. We report non-enzymatic, enzymatic mechanisms of detoxification of RCC in the cucumber, tobacco and rice seedling systems exposed to glucose, NaCl, methyl viologen (MV) induced oxidative stress. The cucumber seedlings exposed to carbonyl stress had higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyls (PCs) and advanced glycation end-product N-carboxymethyl-lysine (AGE-CML) that negatively affected the seedling growth. The overexpression of enzyme encoding aldo-keto reductase-1 (AKR1) in tobacco and rice showed detoxification of RCC, MDA and methylglyoxal (MG) with improved seedling growth under glucose, NaCl and MV-induced oxidative stress. Further, small molecules like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), aminoguanidine (AG), carnosine (Car), curcumin (Cur) and pyridoxamine (PM) showed detoxification of RCC non-enzymatically and rescued the cucumber seedling growth from glucose, NaCl and MV-stress. In autotrophically grown rice seedlings these molecules substantially improved seedling growth under MV-induced oxidative stress. Seedlings treated with the small molecules sustained higher guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activity signifying the role of small molecules in reducing carbonyl stress-induced protein inactivation and AGE-CML protein modifications. The results showed that besides enzymatic detoxification of RCC, the small molecules also could reduce cytotoxic effect of RCC under stress. The study demonstrates that small molecules are attractive compounds to improve the seedling growth under stress conditions.

10aOxidative stress10aplant growth10aReactive carbonyl scavengers10aSeed germination10asmall molecules1 aNareshkumar, Ambekar1 aSubbarao, Sindhu1 aVennapusa, Amarnatha, Reddy1 aAshwin, Vargheese1 aBanarjee, Reema1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J.1 aRamu, Vemanna, S.1 aUdayakumar, Makarla uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enzymatic-and-non-enzymatic-detoxification-reactive-carbonyl-compounds-improves-oxidative