02168nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010000055210006900155260007400224300001400298490000700312520132000319653003401639653002601673653001101699653002001710100001901730700001701749700001801766700002701784856012701811 2013 eng d a0301-485100aCinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) genes from leucaena leucocephala: a pulp yielding leguminous tree0 aCinnamate 4hydroxylase C4H genes from leucaena leucocephala a pu aVAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDSbSPRINGERcFEB a1265-12740 v403 a

Leucaena leucocephala is a leguminous tree species accounting for one-fourth of raw material supplied to paper and pulp industry in India. Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (C4H, EC 1.14.13.11) is the second gene of phenylpropanoid pathway and a member of cytochrome P450 family. There is currently intense interest to alter or modify lignin content of L. leucocephala. Three highly similar C4H alleles of LlC4H1 gene were isolated and characterized. The alleles shared more than 98 % sequence identity at amino acid level to each other. Binding of partial promoter of another C4H gene LlC4H2, to varying amounts of crude nuclear proteins isolated from leaf and stem tissues of L. leucocephala formed two loose and one strong complex, respectively, suggesting that the abundance of proteins that bind with the partial C4H promoter is higher in stem tissue than in leaf tissue. Quantitative Real Time PCR study suggested that among tissues of same age, root tissues had highest level of C4H transcripts. Maximum transcript level was observed in 30 day old root tissue. Among the tissues investigated, C4H activity was highest in 60 day old root tissues. Tissue specific quantitative comparison of lignin from developing seedling stage to 1 year old tree stage indicated that Klason lignin increased in tissues with age.

10aCinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (C4H)10aLeucaena leucocephala10alignin10aPhenylpropanoid1 aKumar, Santosh1 aOmer, Sumita1 aPatel, Krunal1 aKhan, Bashir, Mohammad uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cinnamate-4-hydroxylase-c4h-genes-leucaena-leucocephala-pulp-yielding-leguminous-tree-002411nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245014800055210006900203260005700272300001200329490000700341520155600348653002601904653001101930653001201941653001401953653002101967100001701988700001902005700002702024856013002051 2013 eng d a0721-771400aOver-expression of a subgroup 4 R2R3 type MYB transcription factor gene from Leucaena leucocephala reduces lignin content in transgenic tobacco0 aOverexpression of a subgroup 4 R2R3 type MYB transcription facto a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGERcJAN a161-1710 v323 a

LlMYB1 , a subgroup 4 R2R3-type MYB transcription factor gene from Leucaena leucocephala appears to be a repressor of lignin biosynthesis pathway by regulating the transcription of general phenylpropanoid pathway genes. R2R3MYB transcription factors are known to play a wide role in regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway in plants. In this study, we report isolation, cloning and characterization of an R2R3MYB transcription factor gene (LlMYB1) from an economically important tree species, Leucaena leucocephala. LlMYB1 consists of 705 bp coding sequence corresponding to 235 amino acids. Sequence alignment revealed that the N-terminal (MYB) domain of the gene shares up to 95 % similarity with subgroup 4 (Sg4) members of R2R3Myb gene family functionally known to be lignin repressors. Highly divergent C-terminal region of the gene carried an ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif, another characteristic of the Sg4. The gene was phylogenetically grouped closest with AmMYB308, a known repressor of monolignol biosynthetic pathway genes. Spatio-temporal expression studies at different ages of seedlings using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) showed highest transcript level of the gene in 10 day old stem tissues. Over-expression of the gene in transgenic tobacco showed statistically significant decline in the transcript levels of the general phenylpropanoid pathway genes and reduction in lignin content. Our study suggests that LlMYB1 might be playing the role of a repressor of lignin biosynthesis in L. leucocephala.

10aLeucaena leucocephala10alignin10aR2R3MYB10aRepressor10aTranscript level1 aOmer, Sumita1 aKumar, Santosh1 aKhan, Bashir, Mohammad uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/over-expression-subgroup-4-r2r3-type-myb-transcription-factor-gene-leucaena-leucocephala-002356nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260010100242300001200343490000800355520142000363653002201783653001201805653001101817653001801828653001101846653002401857100002301881700002401904700002001928700002901948856012501977 2014 eng d a0974-362600aValue addition to lignocellulosics and biomass-derived sugars: an insight into solid acid-based catalytic methods0 aValue addition to lignocellulosics and biomassderived sugars an  aC V RAMAN AVENUE, SADASHIVANAGAR, P B \#8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIAbCatalysis Soc IndiacMAR a373-3850 v1263 a

For the synthesis of important platform chemicals such as sugars (xylose and arabinose) and furans (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) from carbohydrates (hemicellulose and fructose) solid acid catalysts are employed. Similarly, over solid acid catalysts, conversion of lignin into aromatic monomers is performed. It is observed that in the dehydration of fructose, because of higher hydrothermal stability, silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) catalysts give better activity (78% HMF yield) compared with other solid acid catalysts (<63% HMF yield) at 175 degrees C. Particularly, SAPO-44 catalyst can be reused at least 5 times with marginal decrease in the activity. Zeolite, BUSY (Si/Al = 15) is active in the conversion of isolated (pure) hemicellulose to produce 41% C-5 sugars in water. The catalyst is also active in the selective conversion of hemicellulose from bagasse to yield 59% C-5 sugars. It is possible to obtain high yields of furfural (54%) directly from bagasse if instead of water, Water+toluene solvent system is used. Depolymerization of lignin using HUSY catalyst produced aromatic monomers with 60% yield at 250 degrees C. A detailed catalyst characterization study is performed to understand the correlation between catalyst activity and morphology. To understand the effect of impurities present in the substrate over solid acid catalysts, metal-exchange study is carried out.

10aaromatic monomers10aBiomass10afurans10aHemicellulose10alignin10asolid acid catalyst1 aBhaumik, Prasenjit1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aKane, Tanushree1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/value-addition-lignocellulosics-and-biomass-derived-sugars-insight-solid-acid-based-002642nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260007100201300001200272490000600284520184300290653002202133653001202155653002602167653002102193653001102214653002502225100002402250700002902274856010902303 2015 eng d a2155-543500aLignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers over solid acid catalysts0 aLignin depolymerization into aromatic monomers over solid acid c a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJAN a365-3790 v53 a

It is imperative to develop an efficient and environmentally benign pathway to valorize profusely available lignin, a component of nonedible lignocellulosic materials, into value-added aromatic monomers, which can be used as fuel additives and platform chemicals. To convert lignin, earlier studies used mineral bases (NaOH, CsOH) or supported metal catalysts (Pt, Ru, Pd, Ni on C, SiO2, Al2O3, etc.) under a hydrogen atmosphere, but these methods face several drawbacks such as corrosion, difficulty in catalyst recovery, sintering of metals, loss of activity, etc. Here we show that under an inert atmosphere various solid acid catalysts can efficiently convert six different types of lignins into value-added aromatic monomers. In particular, the SiO2Al2O3 catalyst gave exceptionally high yields of ca. 60% for organic solvent soluble extracted products with 95 +/- 10% mass balance in the depolymerization of dealkaline lignin, bagasse lignin, and ORG and EORG lignins at 250 degrees C within 30 min. GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, and GPC analysis of organic solvent soluble extracted products confirmed the formation of aromatic monomers with ca. 90% selectivity. In the products, confirmation of retention of aromatic nature as present in lignin and the appearance of several functional groups has been carried out by FT-IR and H-1 and C-13 NMR studies. Further, isolation of major products by column chromatography was carried out to obtain aromatic monomers in pure form and their characterization by NMR is presented. A detailed characterization of six different types of lignins obtained from various sources helped in substantiating the catalytic results obtained in these reactions. A meticulous study on fresh and spent catalysts revealed that the amorphous catalysts are preferred to obtain reproducible catalytic results.

10aaromatic monomers10aBiomass10acolumn chromatography10adepolymerization10alignin10asolid acid catalysts1 aDeepa, Ayillath, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, Laxmikant uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/lignin-depolymerization-aromatic-monomers-over-solid-acid-catalysts-002687nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245021300055210006900268260000800337300001400345490000700359520141200366653002201778653002601800653003401826653001101860653001301871653001501884653001401899653002301913653002401936653002501960653003301985653002502018653001802043653002502061653001302086100002302099700002002122700002302142700002802165856013202193 2017 eng d a0887-624X00aPartially bio-based poly(amide imide)s by polycondensation of aromatic diacylhydrazides based on lignin-derived phenolic acids and aromatic dianhydrides: synthesis, characterization, and computational studies0 aPartially biobased polyamide imides by polycondensation of aroma cNOV a3636-36450 v553 a

Two new bio-based diacylhydrazide monomers, namely, 4,4-(propane-1,3-diylbis(oxy))bis(3-methoxybenzohydrazide) and 4,4-(propane-1,3-diylbis(oxy))bis(3,5-dimethoxybenzohydrazide) were synthesized starting from lignin-derived phenolic acids, namely, vanillic acid and syringic acid. A series of poly(amide imide)s was synthesized by polycondensation of these diacylhydrazide monomers with commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. Poly(amide imide)s showed inherent viscosity in the range 0.44-0.56 dLg(-1) and exhibited good solubility in organic solvents. Poly(amide imide)s could be cast into transparent, flexible, and tough films from their N,N-dimethylacetamide solutions. Poly(amide imide)s showed 10% weight loss in the temperature range 340-364 degrees C indicating their good thermal stability. Glass transition temperature (T-g) of poly(amide imides)s were measured by DSC and DMA which were in the range 201-223 degrees C and 214-248 degrees C, respectively. The T-g values of poly(amide imide)s were dependent on the number methoxy substituents on aromatic rings of diacylhydrazide monomers. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that chain rigidity is the dominant factor for observed trends in T-g. (c) 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

10aBiobased Polymers10aComputational studies10aGlass-transaction temperature10alignin10aMonomers10aPlant oils10aPolyimide10aReneable resources10aRenewable resources10aStep-growth polymers10astructure-property relations10aSustanaible Polymers10aThermal night10aThermosetting resins10aVanillin1 aKuhire, Sachin, S.1 aSharma, Pragati1 aChakrabarty, Suman1 aWadgaonkar, Prakash, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/partially-bio-based-polyamide-imides-polycondensation-aromatic-diacylhydrazides-based-lignin01565nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260000800214300001600222490000600238520083700244653001301081653001501094653001101109653001301120653002401133653001701157100002201174700002201196856011701218 2019 eng d a2365-654900aAltering the O/C ratio of lignin derived monomers without sacrificing atom efficiency0 aAltering the OC ratio of lignin derived monomers without sacrifi cDEC a14050-140550 v43 a

Synthesis of platform and fuel grade chemicals from lignin without losing atom efficiency and lowering O/C ratio is a challenge in a bio-refinery concept. In this work, we report solid acid catalysed alkylation of lignin derived variety of monomers such as guaiacol, veretrole, phenol, anisole, and catechol using numerous alcohols as alkylating agents. Results elaborate that the type of acidity and structure of catalyst play important role in achieving higher dialkylated products (DAP). With 85% conversion of guaiacol, 30.9% DAP formation was achieved at 250 degrees C within 2 h. A unique substrate adsorption study on the catalyst surface and effect of solubility of substrates on the activity of catalyst is evaluated. Catalyst was observed to be recyclable with marginal loss in the activity due to handling error.

10aAlcohols10aAlkylation10alignin10aMonomers10asolid acid catalyst10aUp-gradation1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/altering-oc-ratio-lignin-derived-monomers-without-sacrificing-atom-efficiency01988nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260000800240520124700248653003901495653002101534653003801555653001601593653001101609100002201620700002201642856013001664 2019 eng d a1877-264100aFormic-acid-induced using recyclable-ionic liquids as catalysts for lignin conversion into aromatic co-products0 aFormicacidinduced using recyclableionic liquids as catalysts for cNOV3 a

Lignin has been widely named as a sustainable and renewable bioresource of energy, fuels, chemicals and materials, particularly phenolic chemicals production on Earth. These bio-derived compounds are in great potential need of biorefinery to valorize complete plant biomass. Lignin depolymerization showed a great promise approach to convert into low molecular aromatic products. In this report, high molecular weight (54,000 Da) lignin depolymerization into maximum yields (87%), (>= 95 +/- 6% mass balance) using a formic acid along with dual (-SO3H) functionalized imidazole-based recyclable (4 times) Bronsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) as catalysts have been investigated in H2O-CH3OH (1:5, v/v) at 120 degrees C for 1 h. The structural correlations between the lignin and aromatic products were studied by bulk (CHNS, GPC, etc.) and molecular (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR (1D/2D) levels experimental techniques. Additionally, the identification of aromatic products was carried out by applying HPLC, GC and GC-MS techniques. Graphic Addition of a formic acid into Bronsted acidic ionic liquids improved the catalytic efficiency significantly for lignin depolymerization into 87% low molecular weight aromatic products. [GRAPHICS] .

10aBulk and molecular levels analysis10adepolymerization10aDual functionalized ionic liquids10aFormic acid10alignin1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/formic-acid-induced-using-recyclable-ionic-liquids-catalysts-lignin-conversion-aromatic-co02147nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260000800284300001600292490000800308520134400316653001701660653002301677653001101700653002101711653002901732100002201761700002201783856012401805 2020 eng d a2468-823100aUnderstanding the influence of alumina supported ruthenium catalysts synthesis and reaction parameters on the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derived monomers0 aUnderstanding the influence of alumina supported ruthenium catal cJAN aUNSP 1105250 v4803 a

Up-gradation of lignin derived monomers to value-added and fuel grade products is important to make overall bio-refinery process economical. Although, few studies are devoted on this work yet, systematic study on commercially viable (low loading of metal, recyclable catalyst, mild conditions, high selectivities etc.) is scarce and typically done under harsh conditions. Herein, we report, the methodical effect of support (SiO2, Al2O3 (acidic, basic and neutral), SiO2-Al2O3) on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin derived various monomers, guaiacol, veretrol, eugenol, phenol using very low loading (0.5 wt%) Ru catalyst. Very high yield (82%) of cyclohexanol from guaiacol could be achieved in presence of cyclohexane as a solvent and Ru/Al2O3-Acidic catalyst at 225 degrees C and under 1 MPa H-2 pressure. The detailed study on the effect of solvent, stability and adsorption of reactant & products etc. is done and it was observed that products are more prone to adsorb and undergo further reactions. The complete characterization of fresh and spent catalysts revealed that lower catalyst reduction temperature and presence of Ru in partially higher oxidation state proved by XPS, helps in enhancing the cyclohexanol formation. Subsequently, role of Ru particle size and support on the activity was also investigated.

10aCyclohexanol10aHydrodeoxygenation10alignin10areaction pathway10asupported metal catalyst1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/understanding-influence-alumina-supported-ruthenium-catalysts-synthesis-and-reaction01530nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260000900273300001100282490000800293520071800301653004301019653001701062653002301079653001101102653003001113100002201143700002201165856012501187 2021 eng d a1566-736700aEfficient catalytic transfer hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation of lignin derived monomers: investigating catalyst properties-activity correlation0 aEfficient catalytic transfer hydrogenationhydrodeoxygenation of  cJAN  a1062200 v1493 a

Reduction of O/C ratio of lignin derived monomers via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) pathway is conventionally furnished using molecular hydrogen under severe conditions. Nonetheless, due to a prerequisite to accomplish HDO through commercially attractive methodology we report, HDO reactions of various phenolic compounds via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) pathway using very low loading of Ru (0.5 wt%) on neutral and acidic Al2O3 under nitrogen atmosphere. With guaiacol as a substrate, 74% cyclohexanol yield at 225 degrees C in the presence of IPA is realized. Bi-functionality of metal state, acidity of support and nature of alcohol are perceived to be responsible for the variation in activity.

10aCatalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH)10aCyclohexanol10aHydrodeoxygenation10alignin10aSupported metal catalysts1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/efficient-catalytic-transfer-hydrogenation-hydrodeoxygenation-lignin-derived-monomers02270nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260000900247300001200256490000800268520144100276653002701717653001501744653001101759653002901770653002101799100002501820700002201845700002001867700002001887856012101907 2021 eng d a0141-813000aFunctional insights into two Ocimum kilimandscharicum 4-coumarate-CoA ligases involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis0 aFunctional insights into two Ocimum kilimandscharicum 4coumarate cJUN  a202-2100 v1813 a

Plant 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL) catalyzes the ligation of CoA to cinnamic acid and its derivatives. Activated CoA esters are utilized for the biosynthesis of phenolic metabolites and lignin that play essential function in plants. Here, we characterize the diversity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum 4CLs (Ok4CLs). Phylogenetic analysis suggest that Ok4CLs could be grouped into three classes, class I -enzymes mostly involved in lignin biosynthesis, class II -non-structural phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and class III -yet to be characterized for specific role(s). We selected two Ok4CLs namely Ok4CL7 and Ok4CL15 for further characterization. Gene expression analysis sug-gested that Ok4CL7 is highly expressed in leaf trichomes, whereas Ok4CL15 is abundant in the roots. The recom-binant Ok4CL7 and Ok4CL15 had optimal enzyme activities at 40 degrees C in pH 8 and 7, respectively. Ok4CL7 showed substrate preference towards p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and caffeic acid. While, Ok4CL15 preferredp-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid. Feruloyl adenylate showed higher number of contacts and lowers binding en-ergy with Ok4CL7 and 15 compared to cinnamoyl adenylate. Based on root-specific expression and preference for sinapic acid, Ok4CL15 might be involved in lignin biosynthesis. Further exploration is needed to unravel the role of diverse Ok4CLs in O. kilimandscharicum. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10a4-Coumarate-CoA ligase10aFlavonoids10alignin10aOcimum kilimandscharicum10aPhenylpropanoids1 aLavhale, Santosh, G.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aKumar, Yashwant1 aGiri, Ashok, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/functional-insights-two-ocimum-kilimandscharicum-4-coumarate-coa-ligases-involved01845nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260000800199300001100207490000800218520112400226653002201350653001801372653001101390653001601401653002901417653001601446100002101462700002201483856011001505 2021 eng d a0016-236100aUpgrading lignin derived monomers over basic supported metal catalysts0 aUpgrading lignin derived monomers over basic supported metal cat cDEC a1215880 v3063 aCatalytic upgradation of aromatic monomers derived from lignin depolymerization is of high interest for the production of sustainable fuels and chemicals. Basic support has potential to provide advantages of better substrate-support interaction and reduced coke formation. Hence, we report the effect of various basic supports for metal catalysts (Pt, Pd, Ru) on the upgradation of phenol, guaiacol and eugenol. The complete hydrogenation product is achieved due to the strong interaction of the substrate with catalyst. Phenol is converted (55%) into cyclohexanol (49% yield) with low loading of Pt catalyst (1 wt%), supported by the higher TON of 1 wt% Pt/NaX (TON = 14844) than 3 wt% Pt/NaX (TON = 5128). Effect of basic support with moderate (NaX) and strong (CHT) basic strengths are corelated for the higher cyclohexanone formation. Presence of strong basic sites and higher TON of 3 wt% C-HT (TON = 6806) directs the significant substrate-support interaction. Catalytic activity and recyclability are supported by the comparable performance of recycle runs and characterizations of the fresh and spent catalysts.10aaromatic monomers10aHydrogenation10alignin10aSolid bases10asupported metal catalyst10aUpgradation1 aChaudhary, Richa1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/upgrading-lignin-derived-monomers-over-basic-supported-metal-catalysts01967nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245017600055210006900231260000800300300001400308490000700322520116900329653001801498653004401516653001101560653001501571100002201586700002201608856013101630 2022 eng d a1877-264100aAlpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose quantification and two-stage concentrated-dilute acid lignin recovery from three rice husks: lignin characterization and depolymerization0 aAlpha beta and gammacellulose quantification and twostage concen cJUN a2963-29770 v133 a

Investigations on the compositional analysis of lignocellulosic materials and their properties upon recovery are essential to be studied in order to examine the effects of recovery method, their dependency on the substrate, etc. In this work, three rice husks (RHs) samples were subjected for alpha-, beta- and gamma-cellulose, pentosan, and silica quantifications. Correlations between the source of biomass, lignin recovery by two-stage concentrated and dilute sulphuric acid treatment, their properties and their depolymerization into low molecular mass aromatic fractions using homogeneous and heterogeneous Bronsted acidic ionic liquids as catalysts, is carried out. Correlation between the properties of RHs and recovered lignin were performed using destructive (CHNS, TGA, ICP-OES, etc.) and non-destructive (XRD, UV-Visible, FT-IR, and C-13 CP-MAS NMR) analytical techniques. It was observed that the recovered lignin was polysaccharides free and associated with dibenzodioxocin, spirodienone, and tricin type moieties with variable intensities. The effects of lignin structures showed a change of depolymerisation product pattern. [GRAPHICS] .

10aHolocellulose10aHomogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts10alignin10aRice husks1 aSingh, Sandip, K.1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/alpha-beta-and-gamma-cellulose-quantification-and-two-stage-concentrated-dilute-acid-lignin02400nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245007800055210006900133260000900202300001100211490000800222520147300230653001101703653001801714653001101732653002001743100001601763700003001779700001901809700002001828700002401848700001901872700002201891700003201913700003101945700001801976856010401994 2022 eng d a0021-899500aNovel lignin as natural-biodegradable binder for various sectors-A review0 aNovel lignin as naturalbiodegradable binder for various sectorsA cAPR  ae519510 v1393 aLignin functions as an essential polymer in plants that forms the plant body's structural framework. The natural glue holds the cellulosic fibers together in the plant body, thereby providing rigidity and strength. Despite this, lignin shows promising relevance for biomaterial production due to its abundance, nontoxic nature and biodegradability. Considerably, adhesive components were derived from petroleum, which is increasingly more expensive. Hence, lignin, the natural glue in plant materials, gained much popularity because of its phenolic nature, making it an attractive substitute for adhesives. Lignin-based binders are produced through phenols substitution in phenol-formaldehyde resins with lignin due to their similar structural framework. Many researchers have confirmed the multifunctional applications of lignin, such as wood adhesive in fiber board, plywood and particleboard, a binder in printed wiring boards, abrasive tools, epoxy asphalts, epoxy wood composites, 3D printing, adhesive hydrogels, soil suppressants, lignocellulosic paper and coatings. This review presents a comprehensive description of the utilization of lignin-based binders for different applications. The present work highlights the discussion on the various methods by which lignin can be used to replace synthetic binders. This review focuses on global research work introducing lignin in different chemical adhesives for a more cost-effective and less harmful alternative.10abinder10abiodegradable10alignin10amultifunctional1 aMili, Medha1 aHashmi, Sayed, Azhar Rash1 aAther, Madeeha1 aHada, Vaishnavi1 aMarkandeya, Nishant1 aKamble, Sanjay1 aMohapatra, Mamata1 aRathore, Sanjai, Kumar Sing1 aSrivastava, Avanish, Kumar1 aVerma, Sarika uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/novel-lignin-natural-biodegradable-binder-various-sectors-review02467nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260000900258300001100267490000800278520159800286653002201884653001301906653001901919653001101938653001701949653001401966100002701980700001802007700001902025700001902044700001302063856012502076 2022 eng d a0016-236100aSelective production of C9 monomeric phenols via hydrogenolysis of lignin using Pd-(W/Zr/Mo oxides)-supported on biochar catalyst0 aSelective production of C9 monomeric phenols via hydrogenolysis  cJAN  a1218180 v3083 aValorizing lignin to phenolic monomers and fine chemicals is an essential component of a sustainable biorefinery that uses lignocellulosic feedstocks. In this study, Pd-metal oxides (ZrO2, WOx, MoO3) supported on activated biochar (ABC) catalysts were developed for hydrogenolysis of lignin. The metals (2% Pd, 5% Zr, 5% W, 5% Mo) were supported on activated biochar using the wetness impregnation method, and the catalysts were extensively characterized. The effect of addition of secondary metals on active surface properties such as acidity, Pd metal particle size and dispersion were also evaluated. The selectivity to C9 monomeric phenols followed the trend: 2Pd-5Mo/ABC (57.3%) > 2Pd-5Zr/ABC (49.2%) > 2Pd-5W/ABC (45%) > 2Pd/ABC (42.9%). The maximum C9 phenolic monomer yield achieved in this study was similar to 22 wt%. The fractional conversion of lignin was 67-69% with Pd-metal oxide catalysts. The presence of Mo in the catalyst inhibited the hydrogenation of aliphatic C-alpha = C-beta in lignin and led to the formation of t-isoeugenol, while the presence of W and Zr resulted in selective formation of the hydrogenated product, propyl guaiacol. Using model compounds, it is proved that the formation of propyl guaiacol is via hydrogenation of t-isoeugenol, and not through dehydroxylation of propanol guaiacol. The dehydroxylation activity of the catalysts is attributed to the higher Lewis acidity and electropositive nature of the metals. A notable carbon atom economy of 47-50% towards total phenolic monomers was achieved with 2Pd/ABC, 2Pd-5Mo/ABC and 2Pd-5Zr/ABC catalysts.10aActivated biochar10aGuaiacol10aHydrogenolysis10alignin10aMetal oxides10aPalladium1 aGurrala, Lakshmiprasad1 aKumar, Midhun1 aSharma, Shweta1 aPaek, Changyub1 aVinu, R. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/selective-production-c9-monomeric-phenols-hydrogenolysis-lignin-using-pd-wzrmo-oxides02016nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260000800260300001100268490000800279520101300287653001901300653001101319653001401330653002801344653002201372653002001394100001601414700001801430700002101448700002101469700001901490700001301509700002201522700001301544700001301557856013201570 2022 eng d a0960-852400aUnraveling the reaction mechanism of selective C9 monomeric phenols formation from lignin using Pd-Al2O3-activated biochar catalyst0 aUnraveling the reaction mechanism of selective C9 monomeric phen cJAN a1262040 v3443 aThe conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable monomeric phenols at high selectivity is of paramount importance for sustainable biorefineries. In this study, a novel Pd-Al2O3 supported on activated biochar catalyst is developed for lignin hydrogenolysis. The catalyst characterization revealed that the (1 1 1) planes of both of Pd-0 and Al2O3 were exposed to the surface. The maximum lignin conversion of 70.4% along with high liquid yield (similar to 57 wt%) was obtained at 240 degrees C, 3 h and 3 MPa H-2 pressure. The total monomeric phenols yield in the liquid was 51.6 wt%, out of which C9 monomeric guaiacols constituted similar to 30.0 wt% with 38.0% selectivity to 4-propyl guaiacol. Using the reaction intermediate, coniferyl alcohol, chemoselective hydrogenation of C-alpha=C-beta is proved to occur over the Pd site, while dehydroxylation of C-gamma-OH is shown to occur over the alumina site. An impressive carbon atom economy of 60% was achieved for the production of monomeric phenols.10aHydrogenolysis10alignin10aMechanism10aPd-Al/activated biochar10aPropanol guaiacol10aPropyl guaiacol1 aGurrala, L.1 aKumar, M., M.1 aYerrayya, Attada1 aKandasamy, Prabu1 aCastano, Pedro1 aRaja, T.1 aPilloni, Giovanni1 aPaek, C.1 aVinu, R. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unraveling-reaction-mechanism-selective-c9-monomeric-phenols-formation-lignin-using-pd-al2o301967nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245013600055210006900191260000800260490000700268520116500275653002501440653001101465653001301476653001701489653001101506100002201517700002801539700001801567700002201585856013001607 2025 eng d a1867-388000aContinuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived guaiacol to cyclohexanol over durable Al2O3 hollow fiber supported co catalyst0 aContinuous flow hydrodeoxygenation of ligninderived guaiacol to  cSEP0 v173 a

The drive to decarbonize the chemical, oil, and gas industries through use of bio-derived resources is intensifying. This study focuses on converting lignin-derived phenolic compounds into cyclohexanol, a precursor for adipic acid production. The alumina hollow fiber supported cobalt catalyst (5Co/AHF@capillary) prepared by capillary action method was found to consist cobalt in both metallic and +delta oxidation states. Initial tests in a batch-mode reactor showed promising results, with 5Co/AHF@capillary catalyst demonstrating catalytic activity comparable to Ru/Al2O3 systems (225 degrees C, 1 MPa H-2, 4 h), achieving similar to 86% cyclohexanol yield in guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation reactions. The catalytic system was then adapted for continuous flow reactors under milder conditions (300 degrees C, 2.5 MPa H-2, 18 mL min(-1)), resulting in 83% guaiacol conversion and 74% cyclohexanol yield. The durability of the catalyst was checked for >80 h and results claim that catalyst was active in yielding consistent results. The roles of catalyst preparation method, hydrogen pressure, solvent, WHSV were thoroughly checked and discussed.

10abiomass valorization10aCarbon10aCo/Al2O310aCyclohexanol10alignin1 aSingh, Dheerendra1 aJogdand, Shunottara, M.1 aDevi, Nandini1 aDhepe, Paresh, L. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-flow-hydrodeoxygenation-lignin-derived-guaiacol-cyclohexanol-over-durable-al2o3