02769nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260000800230300001100238490000800249520195200257653002702209653001502236653003002251653002102281100002102302700001702323700002602340700002002366700002702386856012602413 2024 eng d00aBiodegradable and 3D printable lysine functionalized polycaprolactone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications0 aBiodegradable and 3D printable lysine functionalized polycaprola cMAY a2138160 v1593 a

Tissue engineering (TE) has sparked interest in creating scaffolds with customizable properties and functional bioactive sites. However, due to limitations in medical practices and manufacturing technologies, it is challenging to replicate complex porous frameworks with appropriate architectures and bioactivity in vitro. To address these challenges, herein, we present a green approach that involves the amino acid (L-lysine) initiated polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone (CL) to produce modified polycaprolactone (PCL) with favorable active sites for TE applications. Further, to better understand the effect of morphology and porosity on cell attachment and proliferation, scaffolds of different geometries with uniform and interconnected pores are designed and fabricated, and their properties are evaluated in comparison with commercial PCL. The scaffold morphology and complex internal micro-architecture are imaged by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), revealing pore size in the range of similar to 300-900 mu m and porosity ranging from 30 to 70 %, while based on the geometry of scaffolds the compressive strength varied from 143 +/- 19 to 214 +/- 10 MPa. Additionally, the degradation profiles of fabricated scaffolds are found to be influenced by both the chemical nature and product design, where Lys-PCL-based scaffolds with better porosity and lower crystallinity degraded faster than commercial PCL scaffolds. According to in vitro studies, Lys-PCL scaffolds have produced an environment that is better for cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, the scaffold design affects the way cells interact; Lys-PCL with zigzag geometry has demonstrated superior in vitro vitality (>90 %) and proliferation in comparison to other designs. This study emphasizes the importance of enhancing bioactivity while meeting morphology and porosity requirements in the design of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

10aAdditive manufacturing10aAmino acid10aMicro-computed tomography10aPolycaprolactone1 aNaik, Sonali, S.1 aTorris, Arun1 aChoudhury, Namita, R.1 aDutta, Naba, K.1 aNair, Kiran, Sukumaran uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradable-and-3d-printable-lysine-functionalized-polycaprolactone-scaffolds-tissue00868nas a2200229 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260000800225490000700233653002700240653002500267653003000292653002800322100002500350700001900375700002400394700001800418700003000436700003100466700002000497856012100517 2024 eng d00aExtrusion 3D printing of intrinsically fluorescent thermoplastic polyimide: revealing an undisclosed potential0 aExtrusion 3D printing of intrinsically fluorescent thermoplastic cOCT0 v1610aAdditive manufacturing10afunctional extrusion10ahigh-performance polymers10athermoplastic polyimide1 aKothavade, Premkumar1 aKafi, Abdullah1 aDekiwadia, Chaitali1 aKumar, Viksit1 aSukumaran, Santhosh, Babu1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aBateman, Stuart uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/extrusion-3d-printing-intrinsically-fluorescent-thermoplastic-polyimide-revealing02695nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260000800232300001100240490000800251520188100259653002702140653002802167653001602195653003102211100002702242700001902269700002302288700002402311856013002335 2025 eng d a0141-813000aBacterial nanocellulose enhances osteogenic activity of Vat-based 3D-bio-printed silk fibroin hydrogels0 aBacterial nanocellulose enhances osteogenic activity of Vatbased cNOV a1475320 v3283 a

Tissue engineering, particularly leveraging three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, is emerging as a transformative solution to repair critical-size bone defects. However, identifying suitable biomaterials remains a key technological bottleneck in the field. Toward this broader goal, this study explored a composite bioink containing photocurable silk fibroin (SF) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) for fabricating scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) by 3D bioprinting using digital light projection (DLP). We prepared scaffolds with 0, 0.25, and 0.75 wt% BNC and characterized their physicochemical properties (degradation, viscoelasticity, porosity, compressive strength). We assessed samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) after 14 days to evaluate biomineralization. Additionally, using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells, we examined cell viability, metabolic activity, proliferation, and osteogenic potential through alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alizarin Red S (ARS), von Kossa, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and Picrosirius Red assays. The optimized bioinks produced hydrogels with controlled degradation, tunable viscoelasticity, interconnected pores, and significantly improved compressive strength. Specifically, 10 % methacrylated-silk with 0.75 % BNC (Silk-MA/0.75BNC) showed superior mechanical properties compared to 10 % Silk-MA or 10 % Silk-MA with 0.25 % BNC (Silk-MA/0.25BNC). In vitro studies confirmed enhanced biomineralization with Silk-MA/0.75BNC, increased calcium deposits, and improved cell viability and metabolic activity with BNC incorporation. Hence, the 3D-bioprinted composite scaffolds were shown to effectively support cell proliferation, with the 0.75 % BNC bioink significantly stimulating osteogenic markers. These results underscore the potential of Silk-MA/BNC composite bioinks for advanced 3D bioprinting of BTE constructs.

10aAdditive manufacturing10abacterial nanocellulose10aBone repair10aMethacrylated silk fibroin1 aWaidi, Yusuf, Olatunji1 aJagtap, Ashish1 aDastagar, Syed, G.1 aChatterjee, Kaushik uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/bacterial-nanocellulose-enhances-osteogenic-activity-vat-based-3d-bio-printed-silk-fibroin02681nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260000800248300001100256490000800267520176100275653001602036653001602052653002702068653001702095653002702112653002202139653003202161100002102193700002002214700002702234700002702261856012702288 2025 eng d a0001-868600aCritical advances in biofabrication and biomaterial strategies in tracheal tissue engineering: A comprehensive overview0 aCritical advances in biofabrication and biomaterial strategies i cNOV a1036040 v3453 a

The trachea is a vital respiratory organ that connects the larynx to the lungs and performs crucial functions. Various conditions can cause severe and often irreversible damage to individuals trachea of all age groups. Tracheal regeneration remains a major challenge in respiratory medicine, requiring a innovative solutions to address various underlying causes. Existing clinical interventions often have significant limitations and associated complications. Tissue engineering has potential, but its effectiveness has been limited due to challenges such as poor durability and insufficient revascularization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the landscape of tracheal regeneration, shedding light on the path towards advancements in addressing extensive tracheal defects. It follows a structured approach, introducing various surgical procedures, along with their associated complications. Subsequently, it delves into the myriad biomaterials investigated in the realm of tracheal tissue engineering, emphasizing the significance of design considerations in scaffold fabrication. The review then navigates through various platforms utilized in tracheal tissue engineering and recent innovative approaches employed in this domain. Additionally, it provides insights into the clinical translation of tissueengineered trachea, highlighting recent advancements and challenges encountered in real-world applications. Finally, it discusses the significant challenges and offers a perspective outlook on the future of tracheal tissue engineering. Addressing current limitations and envisioning novel strategies, the review contributes to the ongoing dialogue and progression in this critical field of regenerative medicine.

10a3D printing10a4D printing10aAdditive manufacturing10aBiomaterials10aCell sheet engineering10aOrganoid printing10aTracheal tissue engineering1 aNaik, Sonali, S.1 aDutta, Naba, K.1 aNair, Kiran, Sukumaran1 aChoudhury, Namita, Roy uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/critical-advances-biofabrication-and-biomaterial-strategies-tracheal-tissue-engineering02747nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000800219490000800227520191500235653002702150653002502177653002402202653002002226653003702246653003002283100001902313700001402332700001702346700002202363856012002385 2026 eng d a1087-135700aStrategies to mitigate interlayer porosity in the laser-directed energy deposition process0 aStrategies to mitigate interlayer porosity in the laserdirected  cJUN0 v1483 a

Laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) offers unique advantages for fabricating large-scale metallic components and repairing high-value parts. However, recurring interlayer porosity, particularly while depositing targeted geometry and dimensions, remains a major limitation affecting structural integrity. In this study, systematic deposition strategies were developed to mitigate interlayer porosity by controlling track overlap and optimizing energy apportionment, the two aspects that have not been reported together in previous L-DED studies. Experimental analysis showed that increasing the percentage overlap from 30% to 40% significantly reduced porosity, whereas defining the overlap based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) provided a more geometry-representative approach. A 30% FWHM overlap was found to be most effective in disrupting periodic porosity recurrence. Additionally, introducing skewed track alignment minimized valley-to-valley overlap across layers, further reducing defect formation. Complementary to geometric strategies, interlayer laser polishing with circular and line beams facilitated pore closure while refining the interlayer microstructure. A key novelty of this work lies in coupling overlap optimization with energy apportionment between powder and substrate, achieved by adjusting the stand-off distance (SoD), which is quantified by a unique experimental approach. This enhanced molten pool flow and ensured improved remelting of the previously deposited layer, which, when combined with a 30% FWHM overlap, effectively eliminated visible interlayer porosity, validated by micro-computed tomography analysis. The integrated approach of optimized overlap, energy apportionment, and interlayer polishing enabled defect-free fabrication of straight walls as well as complex turbine blade profiles, while simultaneously enhancing strength and ductility.

10aAdditive manufacturing10aenergy apportionment10ainterlayer porosity10alaser polishing10alaser-directed energy deposition10aMicro-computed tomography1 aJha, Arkajyoti1 aRamji, M.1 aTorris, Arun1 aGopinath, Muvvala uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/strategies-mitigate-interlayer-porosity-laser-directed-energy-deposition-process