01771nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260007300223300001400296490000700310520087300317653003001190653000901220653001301229653002501242653000801267100002201275700002501297700002001322700001901342700002601361856013001387       2006                        eng d  a0167-577X00aElectron beam induced surface cross-linking of functional monomers coated on silicon substrate0 aElectron beam induced surface crosslinking of functional monomer  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a1360-13650 v603 a<p>A 3: 1 composition of functional monomer: multifunctional acrylate was spin coated and later cross-linked under the influence of keV electron irradiation on the surface of silicon to generate a surface-anchored cross-linked network bearing functional moieties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as wetting angle measurements were used for the analysis of functional monomer cross-linked surfaces. Results of the surface reconstruction of surfaces and electron irradiated on coated silicon wafers reveal that long-term hydrophilic surfaces can be achieved. Thus, the surface architecture can be favorably manipulated by using this remarkable technique with a Suitable combination of functional monomers and cross-linkers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aelectron beam irradiation10aFTIR10aPolymers10asurface modification10aXPS1 aMahapatra, S., K.1 aBodas, Dhananjay, S.1 aMandale, A., B.1 aGangal, S., A.1 aBhoraskar, Vasant, N.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/electron-beam-induced-surface-cross-linking-functional-monomers-coated-silicon-substrate-002003nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260006800201300001400269490000800283520114800291653001801439653002301457653003101480653002501511653002001536100002701556700002301583700002201606700002201628856011101650       2006                        eng d  a0021-899500aSurface modification of polyacrylonitrile based ultrafiltration membrane0 aSurface modification of polyacrylonitrile based ultrafiltration   a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcSEP  a4378-43850 v1013 a<p>Ultrafiltration membrane based on polyacrylonitrile prepared by phase inversion method using zinc chloride as an additive showed more than 90% rejection for BSA and 90-110 Im(-2) h(-1) water flux. The surface modification of this membrane was studied using ethanolamine, triethylamine, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide solutions. The effect of base treatment time and temperature on water flux and rejection was investigated. The membranes exhibited swelling by NaOH treatment followed by deswelling by HCl post-treatment, similar to pH responsive membranes. The treatment by organic as well as inorganic bases improved water flux with a slight lowering in BSA rejection by dead-end mode type treatment. A 230% increase in water flux was achieved by sodium hydroxide treatment in crossflow mode without a noticeable pore swelling by SEM. The contact angle of the modified membranes was decreased as compared to the unmodified one indicating appreciable surface modification. As the treatment time or temperature increased, the ESCA analysis showed increased population of Na-carboxylate groups. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10aBSA rejection10achemical treatment10apolyacrylonitrile membrane10asurface modification10aUltrafiltration1 aLohokare, Harshada, R.1 aKumbharkar, S., C.1 aBhole, Yogesh, S.1 aKharul, Ulhas, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/surface-modification-polyacrylonitrile-based-ultrafiltration-membrane-002678nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260007300214300001200287490000800299520175800307653002202065653003102087653002402118653002202142653002502164653002002189100002702209700001802236700002302254700002202277856012502299       2008                        eng d  a0376-738800aEffective arsenic removal using polyacrylonitrile-based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane0 aEffective arsenic removal using polyacrylonitrilebased ultrafilt  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUL  a159-1660 v3203 a<p>Applicability of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based negatively charged ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for effective arsenic removal has been demonstrated, to our knowledge, for the first time. The hydrolysis of PAN-based UF membrane surface by NaOH leading to the formation of carboxylate (-COO-) groups and reduction in initial pore size rendered As-V rejection capability by Donnan exclusion principle. A lowering in pore size was indicated by the reduction in water flux and elevation in rejection of protein and polyethylene glycol (PEG). NaOH treatment leading to formation of carboxylate group on the membrane surface was indicated by FTIR-ATR, while contact angle measurement indicated increased hydrophilicity. This treatment rendered membrane surface smoothening as confirmed by SEM and AFM analyses. The molecular weight cut off after the NaOH treatment was found to be similar to 6 kDa. The rejection of pentavalent arsenic (As-V) by these surface modified membranes was studied with different feed concentration, cross-flow velocity, pressure, temperature and pH. Experiments with 50 ppb As-V in feed showed that arsenic rejection was close to 100% and remained constant up to 6 h. Feed sample concentration of 1000 ppb and 50 ppm of As-V showed &gt;95% rejection at pH 7 and room temperature, but for 1000 ppm feed concentration, the rejection was 40-65%. For concentrations &lt;= 50 ppm of arsenic in the feed, the rejection coefficient was not dependent on cross-flow velocity or transmembrame pressure. The rejection for 1000 ppm. concentration of As-V varied from 40 to 65% with variation in the cross-flow velocity and transmembrane pressure as the concentration polarization was important. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aArsenic rejection10aconcentration polarization10across-flow velocity10aPolyacrylonitrile10asurface modification10aUltrafiltration1 aLohokare, Harshada, R.1 aMuthu, M., R.1 aAgarwal, Gopal, P.1 aKharul, Ulhas, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effective-arsenic-removal-using-polyacrylonitrile-based-ultrafiltration-uf-membrane-001559nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260007300256300001200329490000700341520067600348653002001024653001401044653002201058653001301080653002501093100002101118700002301139700001401162700001701176856012401193       2010                        eng d  a1566-736700aStructure-activity studies of dodecatungstophosphoric acid impregnated bentonite clay catalyst in hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol0 aStructureactivity studies of dodecatungstophosphoric acid impreg  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a942-9450 v113 a<p>Bentonite clay impregnated with dodecatungstophosphoric acid (20% DTP/BNT) showed an excellent activity, selectivity and stability [95% product yield with 94% selectivity to 2, 2'-methylenebis (4-methylphenol), DAM] for the hydroxyalkylation of p-cresol with formaldehyde at 353 K and for a mole ratio of 5. Ammonia-TPD results showed that an increase in total concentration of acid sites from 4.9 of parent bentonite to 11.6 micromoles per surface area NH(3) (mu molS(-1) NH(3)) of 20% DTP/BNT was due to a strong interaction of protons of bulk DTP with surface hydroxyl groups of BNT as evidenced by (31)P NMR studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10a(31)P CPMAS NMR10aBentonite10aHydroxyalkylation10ap-Cresol10asurface modification1 aGarade, Ajit, C.1 aKshirsagar, V., S.1 aJha, Ajay1 aRode, C., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-activity-studies-dodecatungstophosphoric-acid-impregnated-bentonite-clay-002353nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260006700257300001400324490000800338520147800346653003401824653002401858653001401882653002501896653001501921100002201936700002201958700001601980856012701996       2012                        eng d  a0021-899500aEffect of the surface roughness of conducting polypyrrole thin-film electrodes on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene0 aEffect of the surface roughness of conducting polypyrrole thinfi  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcAUG  a1875-18810 v1253 a<p>Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) thin-film electrodes were prepared by the electropolymerization of pyrrole on gold-coated glass plates. Films of various roughnesses were obtained by the variation of the scan rates during electropolymerization. These thin films were modified by doping with 6mM of the dopant NiCl2. The surface morphology of the films was studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), which suggested films prepared with a high scan rate were rougher in nature than the films produced with a low scan rate. The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene was carried out with these electrodes with the cyclic voltammetry technique in acetonitrile containing 0.1M HClO4 as a supporting electrolyte. The various results obtained show that the conducting PPy thin-film electrodes were catalytically active toward the electroreduction process. The modified PPy film electrodes doped with NiCl2 were more active toward nitrobenzene electroreduction than the PPy film alone. The results indicate that the roughness of the films played a very important role in determining their catalytic activity. The PPy films that were more rough in nature were catalytically more active than the smooth films; this may have been due to the availability of more reactive sites in the case of rough films. The apparent diffusion coefficients of the PPy film electrodes were also calculated. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012</p>10aatomic force microscopy (AFM)10aconducting polymers10aDiffusion10asurface modification10aThin films1 aAdhikari, Arindam1 aRadhakrishnan, S.1 aVijayan, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-surface-roughness-conducting-polypyrrole-thin-film-electrodes-electrocatalytic-002870nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260007100269300001400340490000600354520191100360653001202271653002802283653001302311653001402324653001902338653001702357653001402374653002502388100001502413700001602428700003002444856013002474       2014                        eng d  a2155-543500aTowards a sustainable and near ambient DeNO(x) under lean burn conditions: a revisit to no reduction on virgin and modified pd(111) surfaces0 aTowards a sustainable and near ambient DeNOx under lean burn con  a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUN  a1801-18110 v43 a<p>Catalytic conversion of NO in the presence of H-2 and O-2 has been studied on Pd(111) surfaces, by using a molecular beam instrument with mass spectrometry detection, as a function of temperature and reactants composition. N-2 and H2O are the major products observed, along with NH3 and N2O minor products under all conditions studied. Particular attention has been paid to the influence of O-2 addition toward NO dissociation. Although O-2-rich compositions were found to inhibit the deNO(x) activity of the Pd catalyst, some enhancement in NO reduction to N-2 was also observed up to a certain O-2 content. The reason for this behavior was determined to be the effective consumption of the H-2 in the mixture by the added O-2 and O atoms from NO dissociation. NO was proven to compete favorably against O-2 for the consumption of H-2, especially &lt;= 550 K, to produce N-2 and H2O. Compared with other elementary reaction steps, a slow decay observed with the 2H + 0 -&gt; H2O step under SS beam oscillation conditions demonstrates its contribution to the rate-limiting nature of the overall reaction. Pd(111) surfaces modified with O atoms in the subsurface (Md-Pd(111)) induces steady-state NO reduction at near-ambient temperatures (325 K) and opens up a possibility to achieve room temperature emission control. A 50% increase in the reaction rates was observed at the reaction maximum on Md-Pd(111), as compared with virgin surfaces. Oxygen adsorption is severely limited below 400 K, and effective NO + H-2 reaction occurs on Md-Pd(111) surfaces. Valence band photoemission with a UV light source (He I) under different oxygen pressures with APPES clearly identified the characteristics of the Md-Pd(111) surfaces and PdO. The electron-deficient or cationic nature of Md-Pd(111) surfaces enhances the NO dissociation and inhibits oxygen chemisorption &lt;= 400 K under lean-burn conditions.</p>10adeNO(x)10aheterogeneous catalysis10aHydrogen10alean burn10amolecular beam10anitric oxide10aPalladium10asurface modification1 aRoy, Kanak1 aJain, Ruchi1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/towards-sustainable-and-near-ambient-denox-under-lean-burn-conditions-revisit-no-reduction01866nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260007700206300001200283490000600295520102500301653002801326653001401354653003101368653002201399653002501421100003001446700001501476700003201491856011301523       2015                        eng d  a1867-388000aCan we shift and/or broaden the catalysis regime towards ambient temperature?0 aCan we shift andor broaden the catalysis regime towards ambient   aBOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANYbWILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBHcFEB  a588-5940 v73 a<p>An attempt was made to shift the temperature regime of oxidation catalysis towards ambient temperatures by employing surface modification (SM) as a handle. Systematic SM of Pd(111) was performed by O-atom diffusion into the subsurfaces. Virgin and modified Pd(111) catalysts were evaluated for CO oxidation. Typical CO poisoning observed on virgin surfaces was partially lifted, and ambient CO oxidation was observed on the modified surfaces. CO oxidation was followed by the molecular beam method and near-ambient pressure (NAP) photoelectron spectroscopy under different pressure regimes. UV valence band spectral analysis of the SM and the CO+O-2 reaction on modified Pd(111) surfaces under NAP conditions demonstrated changes in the electronic structures of the surfaces with a change in surface potential by 0.35eV and directly probed CO2 formation under the reaction conditions. Supported metal catalysts may be subjected to SM and evaluated for a shift in the catalysis regime for many different reactions.</p>10aheterogeneous catalysis10aOxidation10aphotoelectron spectroscopy10asurface chemistry10asurface modification1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.1 aRoy, Kanak1 aNagarajan, Sankaranarayanan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/can-we-shift-andor-broaden-catalysis-regime-towards-ambient-temperature-002461nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245017300055210006900228260000900297300001600306490000600322520151900328653002801847653001801875653001401893653001901907653002501926100002101951700002701972700002301999700002502022700003002047856013002077       2021                        eng d  a2574-096200aAqueous methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen on Pd/TiO2 by photocatalysis in direct sunlight: structure dependent activity of nano-Pd and atomic Pt-coated counterparts0 aAqueous methanol to formaldehyde and hydrogen on PdTiO2 by photo  cNOV   a13347-133600 v43 aIn the present investigation, facet-controlled Pd nanoparticles with nanocube (Pd-NC) and truncated octahedron (Pd-TO) morphologies, and their counterparts with half-a-monolayer of atomic Pt coated (0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-NC and 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-TO) surfaces were prepared. All of them were characterized and evaluated as cocatalyst after supporting them on commercial titania (P25) (Pd-NC/P25, Pd-TO/P25, 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-NC/P25, and 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-TO/P25) under direct sunlight and/or one sun conditions for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde along with solar hydrogen production. Pd-NC/P25 shows higher activity for hydrogen generation compared to Pd-TO/P25; however, activity reversal occurs with the above cocatalysts, but, after Pt-coating with further enhanced activity. The highest conversion of methanol (0.2 mu mol/h.mg) to 100% selective formaldehyde was observed with 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-TO/P25, while other catalysts show significantly lower methanol conversion in the following order: 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-TO/P25 > 0.5 theta(Pt)-Pd-NC/P25 > Pd-NC/P25 > Pd-TO/P25. Pt-coated on (111) facets of Pd-TO simulates the activity associated as that of Pt(111) facets and demonstrating the highest and facet dependent activity. The present study is truly in resonance with exploiting the surface properties for heterogeneous catalysis, and highlights that less than a monolayer of Pt is sufficient to simulate the activity as that of bulk Pt. It is worth exploring this concept to other metals and substrates too.10aheterogeneous catalysis10aNanomaterials10aOxidation10aPhotocatalysis10asurface modification1 aNalajala, Naresh1 aSalgaonkar, Kranti, N.1 aChauhan, Inderjeet1 aMekala, Siva, Prasad1 aGopinath, Chinnakonda, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/aqueous-methanol-formaldehyde-and-hydrogen-pdtio2-photocatalysis-direct-sunlight-structure