02747nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245020500055210006900260260009900329300001200428490000700440520176600447653002702213653003702240653001202277653001902289653002902308100001602337700001502353700002302368856012602391 2007 eng d a0144-861700aSugar-linked biodegradable polymers: regio-specific ester bonds of glucose hydroxyls in their reaction with maleic anhydride functionalized polystyrene and elucidation of the polymer structures formed0 aSugarlinked biodegradable polymers regiospecific ester bonds of  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcFEB a576-5850 v673 a

In the development of sugar-linked synthetic polymers as biodegradable polymers, it is imperative to know the variety of polymer structures formed by the reaction of a multi-functional sugar molecule with the functionalized synthetic polymer on which the sugar is to be anchored. Enzymes produced by the microorganisms causing the polymer to biodegrade can be sensitive to the particular type of sugar hydroxyl utilized (such as anomeric, primary, or secondary hydroxyl group) for getting anchored to the polymer. In this paper, we present synthesis of regio-specific ester derivatives of glucose with anhydride, functionalized polymers, i.e., ester formation specifically with the anomeric, primary or secondary hydroxyls of glucose. Characterization of these different esters groups was done using FTIR spectroscopy; each ester peak was further deconvoluted to yield its different components. For this purpose, we studied the reactions of D-glucose, 6-O-trityl glucose, methyl glucoside, 1,2-5,6-diisopropylidene-D-glucose, and 1,2,3,4-tetraacetyl-D-glucose with maleic anhydride functionalized polystyrene (PSMAH). In this study, the primary hydroxyl of glucose was found to be even more reactive than the anomeric hydroxyl. The peaks at similar to 1716, similar to 1725, and 1729-1737 cm(-1) were assigned to the ester carbonyl of the anomeric, primary, and secondary hydroxyls of glucose (C2, C3, and C4), respectively. An attempt was made to quantify the extent to which the different polymer structures are formed in a particular reaction by taking ratios of non-variable reference peaks (polystyrene peak at 1493 cm-1) and variable peaks caused by the reaction (the residual anhydride carbonyl at 1780 cm(-1)). (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

10aBiodegradable polymers10afunctionalized synthetic polymer10aglucose10aregio-specific10asugar-linked polystyrene1 aGalgali, P.1 aAgashe, M.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/sugar-linked-biodegradable-polymers-regio-specific-ester-bonds-glucose-hydroxyls-their01416nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245007100055210006900126260011100195300001200306490000700318520052500325653001300850653001200863653001200875653001700887653002600904100002500930700002500955700002600980700002601006700002501032856010501057 2008 eng d a0929-866500aAlbumin competitively inhibits glycation of less abundant proteins0 aAlbumin competitively inhibits glycation of less abundant protei aEXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATESbBENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTDcJUL a663-6670 v153 a

Glycation, a non-enzymatic reaction between glucose and protein is the primary cause of diabetic complications. Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein undergoes glycation both in vivo and in vitro. The influence of albumin on glycation of less abundant proteins has not been addressed. For the first time, we show that albumin competitively inhibits the glycation of less abundant proteins. This study suggests that at least in the initial stages of diabetes, albumin may protect other proteins from glycation.

10aDiabetes10aglucose10ainsulin10aMALDI-TOF-MS10avascular complication1 aBhonsle, Hemangi, S.1 aSingh, Sameer, Kumar1 aSrivastava, Ghanshyam1 aBoppana, Ramanamurthy1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/albumin-competitively-inhibits-glycation-less-abundant-proteins-002403nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245010700055210006900162260007100231300001400302490000700316520127100323653004301594653001201637653001201649653003601661100002501697700002301722700002101745700002901766700002401795700002301819700002201842700002001864700002701884700002601911700002501937856012701962 2012 eng d a1535-389300aLow plasma albumin levels are associated with increased plasma protein glycation and HbA1c in diabetes0 aLow plasma albumin levels are associated with increased plasma p a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcFEB a1391-13960 v113 a

Albumin is one of the most abundant plasma proteins and is heavily glycated in diabetes. In this study, we have addressed whether variation in the albumin levels influence glycation of plasma proteins and HbA1c. The study was performed in three systems: (1) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice plasma, (2) diabetic clinical plasma, and (3) in vitro glycated plasma. Diabetic mice and clinical plasma samples were categorized as diabetic high albumin plasma (DHAP) and diabetic low albumin plasma (DLAP) on the basis of their albumin levels. For the in vitro experiment, two albumin levels, high albumin plasma (HAP) and low albumin plasma (LAP), were created by differential depletion of plasma albumin. Protein glycation was studied by using a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), Western blotting, and LC-MSE. In both mice and clinical experiments, an increased plasma protein glycation was observed in DLAP than in DHAP. Additionally, plasma albumin levels were negatively correlated with HbA1c. The in vitro experiment with differential depletion of albumin mechanistically showed that the low albumin levels are associated with increased plasma protein glycation and that albumin competes for glycation with other plasma proteins.

10aadvanced glycation end products (AGEs)10aAlbumin10aglucose10apost translational modification1 aBhonsle, Hemangi, S.1 aKorwar, Arvind, M.1 aKote, Sachin, S.1 aGolegaonkar, Sandeep, B.1 aChougale, Ashok, D.1 aShaik, Mahemud, L.1 aDhande, Nitin, L.1 aGiri, Ashok, P.1 aShelgikar, Kishore, M.1 aBoppana, Ramanamurthy1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/low-plasma-albumin-levels-are-associated-increased-plasma-protein-glycation-and-hba1c-001676nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013400055210006900189260007100258300001400329490000600343520068500349653002801034653001801062653001201080653001501092653003101107100002901138700002401167700002001191700002301211700002301234700002201257856013101279 2014 eng d a2168-048500aOne-pot synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose hydrolysis over highly active bimodal micro/mesoporous H-ZSM-5 catalyst0 aOnepot synthesis of 5hydroxymethylfurfural by cellulose hydrolys a1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USAbAMER CHEMICAL SOCcJUL a1928-19320 v23 a

Direct synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a useful renewable biofuel and biochemical, was systematically studied by hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose over Bimodal-HZ-5 zeolite. Bimodal-HZ-5 zeolite obtained by post-synthesis modification of H-ZSM-5 with desilication was found to be a potential heterogeneous catalyst with 67% cellulose conversion and 46% yield of 5-HMF. Bimodal-HZ-5 was observed to be reusable for four cycles, without any loss in activity. The detailed optimization of process parameters and catalyst reusability are also presented. The present study opens a new avenue for the renewable one-pot synthesis of 5-HMF, a valuable product.

10a5-Hydroxymethylfurfural10aBiomodal-HZ-510aglucose10aHydrolysis10aMicrocrystalline cellulose1 aNandiwale, Kakasaheb, Y.1 aGalande, Nitish, D.1 aThakur, Pratika1 aSawant, Sanjay, D.1 aZambre, Vishal, P.1 aBokade, Vijay, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/one-pot-synthesis-5-hydroxymethylfurfural-cellulose-hydrolysis-over-highly-active-bimodal-002344nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260007100288300001200359490000700371520145300378653000801831653001301839653001401852653001201866653001801878653002401896653001401920100001801934700001901952856013101971 2015 eng d a8756-793800aManganese increases high mannose glycoform on monoclonal antibody expressed in cho when glucose is absent or limiting: implications for use of alternate sugars0 aManganese increases high mannose glycoform on monoclonal antibod a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcMAR-APR a460-4670 v313 a

Alternate sugars such as galactose and fructose are metabolized at a slower rate than glucose and result in lower accumulation of lactate. While low lactate accumulation is desirable, we report that complete substitution of glucose with these sugars results in an increase in M5 high mannose glycans. Surprisingly, this increase is much higher when the culture is supplemented with manganese: for example, when cells are cultured with galactose, M5 high mannose glycan content increased from 5% at 1 nM Mn2+ in the basal medium to 32% with 16 mu M Mn2+ supplementation. When galactose is supplemented with glucose maintained at low concentrations, a small reduction in high mannose glycans is seen. In control cultures with glucose, the high mannose content was however <2% in this range of Mn2+ concentration. By varying Mn2+ and glucose supplementation levels, with or without galactose, we systematically demonstrate that Mn2+ concentration and glucose availability, together, significantly affect the high mannose glycan content. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that the effect of Mn2+ on high mannose glycan content depends on glucose availability. At each Mn2+ supplementation level evaluated, galactosylation percentages were highest for cultures where galactose was supplemented with glucose at non-limiting concentration. (c) 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:460-467, 2015

10aCHO10afructose10agalactose10aglucose10aglycosylation10ahigh-mannose glycan10amanganese1 aSurve, Tanaya1 aGadgil, Mugdha uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/manganese-increases-high-mannose-glycoform-monoclonal-antibody-expressed-cho-when-glucose-002240nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260000900259300001400268490000600282520151300288653001401801653001701815653001201832653001501844100002001859700002501879856013001904 2019 eng d a2365-654900aTransition-metal-free glucose-derived carbonaceous catalyst catalyzes direct C-H arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl halides0 aTransitionmetalfree glucosederived carbonaceous catalyst catalyz cMAY  a4848-48530 v43 a

Transition metal free coupling reactions have gained lot of importance recently. The traditional method for the synthesis of biaryl's uses organometallic reagents for the arylation reactions. There are certain drawbacks associated with such traditional methods. Use of expensive metals, metal impurities in the products formed and disposal of metal waste generated are major problems that need to be taken care of. Thus, research has been focussed on using transition metal free catalyst for cross coupling reactions to encourage green environment and it still remains a challenge for researchers. Carbonaceous catalyst have attracted great attention recently as a heterogeneous catalyst as it has a carbon skeleton that is stable, easily separable, reusable, eco-friendly and highly economical compared to other heterogeneous catalyst. Carbonaceous catalysts have been studied in variety of organic reactions such as hydrolysis, dehydration, esterification, alkylation, condensation, oxathioketalization, dimerization, benzylation and trimethylsilylation, etc. It was estimated that - stacking interactions between carbonaceous catalyst and arenes will accelerate the coupling reaction. However to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports available in literature on use of carbonaceous catalyst for direct arylation of arenes. And thus, we developed a new method for C-H arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl halides using a transition metal free D-glucose derived carbonaceous catalyst.

10aArylation10acarbonaceous10aglucose10ametal-free1 aJori, Popat, K.1 aJadhav, Vrushali, H. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/transition-metal-free-glucose-derived-carbonaceous-catalyst-catalyzes-direct-c-h-arylation01970nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013700055210006900192260000800261300001600269490000600285520111900291653002101410653001301431653001201444653001801456653002201474100002301496700002301519700002501542700002901567856013201596 2020 eng d a2365-654900aCooperative acid-base sites of solid Ba-Zr mixed oxide catalyst for efficient isomerization of glucose to fructose in aqueous medium0 aCooperative acidbase sites of solid BaZr mixed oxide catalyst fo cOCT a12505-125130 v53 a

Efficient and highly selective isomerization of glucose to fructose was achieved by using the inexpensive Ba-Zr mixed metal oxide catalyst. Catalyst was prepared by varying Ba-Zr ratios using co-precipitation method. Various phases formed, planes exposed, morphology, elemental composition and particle size, basic site density and strength, oxidation state of elements were well studied by using various characterization techniques. The XRD analysis clearly indicates the presence of Ba+2 and Zr+4 in the form of BaO, ZrO2 and BaZrO3 phases. The SEM and HR-TEM images indicate that, Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst prepared showed uniform morphology with spherical and rod-shaped particles ranging from 300 to 600 nm. Under the optimized reaction conditions Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst exhibited excellent results in terms of 57 % of glucose conversion with 89 % selective formation of glucose. The presence of both acidic as well as basic sites play vital roles in activating the substrate molecules to selectively yield fructose. Ba-Zr (2 : 1) catalyst showed excellent recyclability performance up to four recycles.

10aCo-precipitation10afructose10aglucose10aisomerization10amixed metal oxide1 aShaikh, Samrin, S.1 aPatil, Chetana, R.1 aKondawar, Sharda, E.1 aRode, Chandrashekhar, V. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/cooperative-acid-base-sites-solid-ba-zr-mixed-oxide-catalyst-efficient-isomerization-glucose02148nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245013100055210006900186260000800255300001100263490000800274520114300282653002001425653002501445653001701470653003501487653001901522653001301541653001201554653001401566653002001580100002101600700002201621700002101643700002501664700002501689856013201714 2020 eng d a0306-987700aPossible role of glycation in the regulation of amyloid beta precursor protein processing leading to amyloid beta accumulation0 aPossible role of glycation in the regulation of amyloid beta pre cSEP a1097990 v1423 a

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases amongst the aged population. The disease is multifactorial, and diabetes has been considered as one of the major risk factors for the development of AD. Chronic hyperglycemic condition in diabetes promotes non-enzymatic protein modification by glucose termed as glycation, which affects protein structure and function. Previous studies have shown that many of the enzymes, including proteases, are affected by glycation. Conversely, glycated proteins are known to become resistant to protease action. In these hypotheses, we have extended these two concepts to the regulation of amyloid-beta protein precursor (A beta PP) by secretases leading to amyloid-beta (Af3) accumulation. The first hypothesis deals with the glycation of alpha-secretases leading to its reduced activity, while in the second hypothesis, A beta PP glycation may prevent a-secretases action, rendering its processing by beta secretase. As diabetes is a risk factor for the development of AD, either or both these pathways may operate, leading to the manifestation of AD.

10aAlpha-secretase10aAlzheimer `s disease10aAmyloid-beta10aAmyloid-beta protein precursor10aBeta-secretase10aDiabetes10aglucose10aGlycation10aType-3 diabetes1 aPatil, Gouri, V.1 aJoshi, Rakesh, S.1 aKazi, Rubina, S.1 aKulsange, Shabda, E.1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/possible-role-glycation-regulation-amyloid-beta-precursor-protein-processing-leading-amyloid02491nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260000800266300001100274490000800285520163000293653001501923653001201938653001701950653001801967653001101985100002601996700002202022700002102044700002602065700002602091856012002117 2022 eng d a0921-510700aComparative investigation on the catalytic performance of HT/SBA-15 and SBA-15/HT composites for the isomerization of glucose to fructose0 aComparative investigation on the catalytic performance of HTSBA1 cDEC a1160520 v2863 a

Hydrotalcites (HT) have a broad spectrum of applications as prosperous heterogeneous catalysts for diverse chemical transformations. The catalytic activity of HT-based materials can be tailored by introducing siliceous material into the internal or external framework. The surface modification of the HT framework with silica mesostructures leads to the formation of versatile Lewis base, Bronsted base and redox catalytic active sites. This work presents the comparative evaluation of the catalytic performance of HT/SBA-15 and SBA-15/HT composites for the isomerization of glucose to fructose using 1-butanol as a solvent. The composites with different external morphology were prepared by a modified template-assisted hydrothermal method, using different HT to SBA-15 proportions. The textural and morphological characterization results conferred the efficiency of the employed post-synthetic intercalation strategy to achieve the successful formation of HT/SBA-15 and SBA-15/HT composites. With optimal HT loading and surface basicity, the HTS-3 composite demonstrated the highest catalytic performance, resulting in good glucose conversions (54 %) with improved selectivity (>83 %). The observed high reactivity could be mainly attributed to the extensive dispersion of HT particles on the SBA-15 component, which contributes to a significant increase in textural properties and surface basicity. Furthermore, special attention is devoted to addressing such reactivity phenomena as active site selectivity, catalyst multifunctionality and multisite reactivity commonly encountered in mesoporous catalysis.

10acomposites10aglucose10ahydrotalcite10aisomerization10aSBA-151 aManikandan, Marimuthu1 aArjunan, Ayyappan1 aPrabu, Marimuthu1 aRaja, Thirumalaiswamy1 aSangeetha, Palanivelu uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comparative-investigation-catalytic-performance-htsba-15-and-sba-15ht-composites01651nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245015700055210006900212260000800281300001400289490000800303520088500311653002801196653001301224653001201237653002001249100002001269700002501289856013101314 2022 eng d a1011-372X00aHighly efficient zirconium based carbonaceous solid acid catalyst for selective synthesis of 5-HMF from fructose and glucose in isopropanol as a solvent0 aHighly efficient zirconium based carbonaceous solid acid catalys cAUG a1703-17100 v1523 a

A new zirconium based carbonaceous solid acid catalyst Zr@CC-PA with both Lewis and Bronsted acidic sites was prepared by simultaneous carbonization and phosphonation of glucose followed by incorporation of zirconium metal on the surface of the catalyst. The catalyst was easy to prepare and the synthesized catalyst was well characterized using different techniques such as FT-IR, P-XRD, EDAX, SEM, TEM and XPS analysis. The catalytic activity was evaluated for synthesis of a very important platform chemical 5-HMF from fructose to glucose using isopropanol as a solvent. The catalyst was found to be highly efficient giving 86% yield of 5-HMF from fructose and 45% yield from glucose with high selectively. The catalyst can be reused at least four times without depreciation in its catalytic activity. The catalytic method developed is efficient, green and economical.

10a5-Hydroxymethylfurfural10afructose10aglucose10aZirconium based1 aJori, Popat, K.1 aJadhav, Vrushali, H. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-efficient-zirconium-based-carbonaceous-solid-acid-catalyst-selective-synthesis-5-hmf01719nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136260000800205490000700213520097500220653001201195653001801207653002501225653001101250653001301261100002301274700002801297700002501325700003201350856010701382 2024 eng d a1867-388000aHydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol by using nickel hydroxyapatite catalyst0 aHydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol by using nickel hydroxyapat cMAY0 v163 a

A series of nickel hydroxyapatite catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method followed by calcination and reduction. These catalysts were employed for the aqueous phase hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol. The Ni-HAP catalyst with comparatively high surface area and acid-base strength gave high sorbitol selectivity in 1 h. Ni-HAP-4 catalyst with moderate Ni (3.5 wt. %) content having smaller and highly dispersed nickel particles gives an excellent yield of sorbitol, 97 % in 1 h. The Ni-HAP-4 catalyst works well with other polar protic solvents. Different characterization techniques like XRD, TEM, SEM-EDS, BET, NH3-TPD, and CO2-TPD were employed to analyze the Ni-HAP-4 catalyst. A facile hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol has been reported with Ni-HAP catalyst using water as a solvent. The excellent yield of sorbitol, 97 % in 1 h is possible due to the high surface area and high acid-base strength of the Ni-HAP-4 catalyst. image

10aglucose10aHydrogenation10aHydroxyapatite (HAP)10aNickel10aSorbitol1 aKamble, Paresh, A.1 aVinod, Chathakudath, P.1 aRathod, Virendra, K.1 aKantam, Mannepalli, Lakshmi uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/hydrogenation-glucose-sorbitol-using-nickel-hydroxyapatite-catalyst02182nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000800226300001100234490000800245520148200253653001701735653001401752653001201766653002401778653002501802100002601827856012301853 2024 eng d a0961-953400aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose: State-of-the-art of green depolymerisation technique0 aSupercritical water hydrolysis of cellulose Stateoftheart of gre cMAY a1071820 v1843 a

Bio-refinery is a critical infrastructure to facilitate the fullest energy extraction from the pivotal energy resource biomass. Hydrolysis of the most abundant biomass constituent biopolymer cellulose to produce cello-oligomers and glucose is a critical step for the efficient production of various chemicals and fuels. Supercritical water hydrolysis (SCWH) of cellulose has emerged as the promising greener technology for the production of glucose and simple sugars. Glucose production by SCWH enables the process integration or cascading for the production of various biofuels, bioenergy, bio-based chemicals, and various bio-products, necessary for the impeccable success of cellulosic biomass-based bio-refinery. Starting from the unique interaction of cellulose and supercritical water, this minireview provides an insight into the various aspects of the SCWH of cellulose including mechanism, reaction pathways, product distribution, process optimization, and kinetic modelling. The batch reactors are simple reactor configurations for such high pressure and temperature; however, continuous flow reactors are essential for better control over process conditions and for an efficient process. With more understanding of reaction mechanism and product distribution, heat and mass transfer conjugation with reaction rates and design of high-pressure equipment, an efficient completely green process can be developed for cellulose and such biopolymer hydrolysis.

10aBio-refinery10acellulose10aglucose10aSupercritical water10aUltra-fast reactions1 aKulkarni, Sphurti, P. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/supercritical-water-hydrolysis-cellulose-state-art-green-depolymerisation-technique00772nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000900226300000700235490000700242653002200249653001200271653001700283653002000300653001400320653001800334100002200352700002000374700001800394856013000412 2024 eng d a0250-599100aTrehalase inhibition in Helicoverpa armigera activates machinery for alternate energy acquisition0 aTrehalase inhibition in Helicoverpa armigera activates machinery cJUL  a740 v4910aEnergy metabolism10aglucose10aMetabolomics10aTranscriptomics10atrehalase10avalidamycin A1 aTellis, Meenakshi1 aMohite, Sharada1 aJoshi, Rakesh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/trehalase-inhibition-helicoverpa-armigera-activates-machinery-alternate-energy-acquisition02397nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260000800212300001100220490000700231520153800238653002501776653001701801653001301818653001201831653001601843653003001859100002301889700001901912700002201931700001501953700002001968700002101988856011002009 2025 eng d a1642-431X00aEarly and advanced glycation end product analysis from women with PCOS on metformin0 aEarly and advanced glycation end product analysis from women wit cMAR a1009930 v253 a

In this cross-sectional study, we have analyzed advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the plasma and follicular fluid of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) taking metformin during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and control women undergoing IVF. Glucose, fructose, fructosamine, carboxymethyl lysine/ arginine (CML/R) proteins, and pentosidine were measured in the plasma and paired follicular fluid. Glycated proteins were characterized by mass spectrometry. Fasting serum glucose and fructosamine were comparable; however, follicular fluid glucose and fructosamine were higher in the PCOS group, and other AGEs remained unaltered. Fructose was lower in both serum and follicular fluid from the PCOS group. A positive correlation between some of these AGEs and sugars estimated was observed. Glucose and fructosamine in the follicular fluid correlated with the antral follicle count. The number of glycated peptides identified in the PCOS group by mass spectrometry was more. Glycated K75, K402 amino acid residues of albumin were detected in the PCOS group only. Additionally, some proteins involved in steroidogenesis and oocyte maturation as well as transporters, and extracellular matrix proteins, were found to be glycated in the PCOS group, which may affect their function. Elevated glucose and fructosamine in the follicular fluid of the PCOS group may contribute to abnormal folliculogenesis. The glycation of albumin should be validated in more samples to be considered as a marker for PCOS diagnosis.

10aCarboxymethyl lysine10aFructosamine10afructose10aglucose10aPentosidine10aPolycystic ovary syndrome1 aAmbekar, Aditi, S.1 aNaredi, Nikita1 aMalakar, Dipankar1 aVashum, Y.1 aMisra, Pratibha1 aKulkarni, Mahesh uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/early-and-advanced-glycation-end-product-analysis-women-pcos-metformin02515nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260000800241300001100249490000800260520162800268653001301896653002201909653001201931653001201943653002201955100001501977700001901992700002002011700001902031700002002050700001902070700002502089856012302114 2025 eng d a1046-592800aSimple freeze-thaw based method for efficient purification of recombinant human proinsulin from inclusion bodies0 aSimple freezethaw based method for efficient purification of rec cMAR a1066450 v2273 a

Insulin is a pivotal peptide hormone essential for regulating glucose homeostasis. It has been known for over 100 years, but its production and purification methods are still under improvement. Escherichia coli based bacterial expression system is primarily used for insulin production. The human insulin protein expressed in bacteria usually forms inclusion bodies, complicating the purification process. Traditionally, insulin purification is a timeconsuming process involving urea-based denaturation methods, and various refolding techniques, followed by extensive chromatographic methods. Here, we report an easy and efficient purification of human proinsulin involving freeze-thaw based solubilization method. The extracted proinsulin inclusion bodies are treated with different concentrations of urea, followed by a freeze-thaw based solubilization. The freezing was carried out at various temperatures, mainly -80 degrees C, -20 degrees C, and -196 degrees C to determine the optimum condition for solubilization. Highest solubilization of proinsulin from the inclusion body was achieved with 0.5M urea and -20 degrees C. Further Nickel NTA-based purification was performed, and the purified protein was characterized for disulfide mapping by high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). We also performed glucose uptake assays to validate the functional properties of purified proinsulin. This freeze-thaw based mild solubilization approach is a fast and effective method for getting bioactive proinsulin, which will help further design better purification and processing strategies for insulin production.

10aDiabetes10aDisulfide mapping10aglucose10ainsulin10aMass spectrometry1 aRajesh, S.1 aJathar, Swaraj1 aBanarjee, Reema1 aSharma, Monika1 aPalkar, Shivani1 aShankar, Shiva1 aKulkarni, Mahesh, J. uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simple-freeze-thaw-based-method-efficient-purification-recombinant-human-proinsulin