01372nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170260009800239300001200337490000700349520044200356653001500798653001400813653003900827653001200866653001200878653002700890653000900917100002200926700002800948700002100976856012100997       2010                        eng d  a0268-260500aDibutyltin oxide catalyzed aminolysis of oxalate to carbamate, oxamate and derivatives of imidazolidine trione0 aDibutyltin oxide catalyzed aminolysis of oxalate to carbamate ox  aTHE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLANDbJOHN WILEY & SONS LTDcMAY  a402-4070 v243 a<p>Catalytic aminolysis of oxalates by simple and substituted ureas has been shown to give carbamates, oxamates and derivatives of imidazolidine trione. Various substituted ureas and oxalates were screened to verify the applicability of the protocol. The role of dibutyltin oxide as catalyst, effect of solvent and reaction conditions on product distribution pattern has been discussed. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>10aAminolysis10acarbamate10aderivative of imidazolidine trione10aoxalate10aoxamate10atransfunctionalyzation10aUrea1 aKunde, Lalita, B.1 aKalyani, Vishwanath, S.1 aGupte, Sunil, P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dibutyltin-oxide-catalyzed-aminolysis-oxalate-carbamate-oxamate-and-derivatives-001295nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006100118260011000179300001200289490000700301520043400308653001800742653001800760653002500778653001700803653001300820653001900833653002000852653000900872653001400881100002100895700001600916856009700932       2011                        eng d  a0376-471000aEutectic mixture-directed kinetics of Diels-Alder reaction0 aEutectic mixturedirected kinetics of DielsAlder reaction  aDR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIAbNATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIRcJUN  a788-7920 v503 a<p>In the search for environmentally benign solvent media, a new class of solvents composed of mixtures of carbohydrates with urea or methylated urea has been noted to be effective in enhancing the reaction rates of a bimolecular organic reaction like the Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene with methyl acrylate. The viscosity of these media appears to be an important parameter in controlling the second order kinetics.</p>10acarbohydrates10aCycloaddition10aDiels-Alder reaction10aDimethylurea10akinetics10aReaction rates10asolvent effects10aUrea10aviscosity1 aNagare, Amit, S.1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/eutectic-mixture-directed-kinetics-diels-alder-reaction-002196nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260007300219300001000292490000800302520124600310653001001556653002301566653001801589653000901607653003701616100002501653700002101678700002101699700002601720700002901746700002901775856012601804       2011                        eng d  a1381-116900aOxidative carbonylation of amine using water-soluble palladium catalysts in biphasic media0 aOxidative carbonylation of amine using watersoluble palladium ca  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJAN  a20-280 v3343 a<p>Application of water-soluble palladium catalysts for oxidative carbonylation of aniline to N,N' diphenyl urea (DPU) has been reported. The water-soluble palladium catalysts prepared from sulfonated N-containing ligands were found to be highly stable under reaction conditions and easily recyclable due to insoluble urea product in the reaction medium. This is in contrast to the sulfonated phosphine ligands, which are vulnerable to oxidation under reaction conditions, showing poor activity and stability. Commercially available as well as laboratory synthesized ligands were used for preparing water-soluble palladium catalysts, for oxidative carbonylation of aniline. The best activity was obtained for Pd complex with disodium 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-disulfonate (Bipy-DS) ligand. Under optimized conditions Pd(BipyDS)Pd(OAc)(2) catalyst gave TOF of similar to 210h(-1) with aniline conversion of similar to 97% with similar to 91% selectivity for N.N'-diphenyl urea. It was found that the catalyst was easily reusable up to five times, with negligible loss in the catalytic activity. The effect of reaction parameters was investigated and a plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aAmine10aBiphasic catalysis10aCarbonylation10aUrea10aWater-soluble palladium catalyst1 aDidgikar, Mahesh, R.1 aJoshi, Sunil, S.1 aGupte, Sunil, P.1 aDiwakar, Makarand, M.1 aDeshpande, Raj, Madhukar1 aChaudhari, Raghunath, V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/oxidative-carbonylation-amine-using-water-soluble-palladium-catalysts-biphasic-media-001576nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245023400055210006900289260010600358300001200464490000700476520049600483653001300979653001000992653002101002653003201023653000901055100003101064700002201095700002701117700002501144700002401169856012901193       2013                        eng d  a0040-403900aSolvent-free, highly efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of 1-amido- and 1-carbamato-alkyl naphthols/phenols catalyzed by ethylammonium nitrate as reusable ionic liquid under neat reaction condition at ambient temperature0 aSolventfree highly efficient onepot multicomponent synthesis of   aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcFEB  a672-6750 v543 a<p>A solvent-free, environmentally clean, mild, and simple one-pot multi-component protocol has been developed for the efficient synthesis of 1-amido- and 1-carbamato-alkyl naphthols/phenols in excellent yields via one-pot three-component condensation of various aldehydes, amides/carbamates/urea, and naphthols/phenols using ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) as a reusable ionic liquid catalyst under neat reaction condition at ambient temperature. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aAldehyde10aamide10aCarbamate Phenol10aEthylammonium nitrate (EAN)10aUrea1 aMulla, Shafeek, Abdul Rash1 aSalama, Tarek, A.1 aPathan, Mohsinkhan, Y.1 aInamdar, Suleman, M.1 aChavan, Santosh, S.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solvent-free-highly-efficient-one-pot-multi-component-synthesis-1-amido-and-1-carbamato-001602nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245015300055210006900208260007500277300001200352490000700364520070200371653002301073653001801096653002201114653002001136653000901156653001401165100001601179700001901195700001601214856013001230       2015                        eng d  a0095-978200aInteresting viscosity changes in the aqueous urea-ionic liquid system: effect of alkyl chain length attached to the cationic ring of an ionic liquid0 aInteresting viscosity changes in the aqueous ureaionic liquid sy  a233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USAbSPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERScAPR  a742-7530 v443 a<p>In the present article, we demonstrate the effect of urea on the structure of the ionic liquids in their aqueous solutions through viscometric methods. We unravel the structure altering effect of urea in its aqueous solutions of ionic liquids possessing higher alkyl chains. The finding is an attempt to discern the anomalous behavior of urea as shown in the past with the help of many techniques. Interestingly, in the aqueous solutions of the imidazolium based ionic liquids having substitution of -C4H9 and -C6H13 groups on the imidazolium ring, urea exhibits kosmotropic behavior. Further increase in the substituted alkyl group such as -C8H17 alters the urea behavior to be chaotropic.</p>10aAlkyl chain length10aionic liquids10aStructure-breaker10aStructure-maker10aUrea10aviscosity1 aNanda, Raju1 aRai, Gitanjali1 aKumar, Anil  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/interesting-viscosity-changes-aqueous-urea-ionic-liquid-system-effect-alkyl-chain-length-0