02470nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260000800221300000800229490000700237520171300244653001601957653002701973653001202000100002202012700002002034700001602054700001802070700002702088856012502115       2020                        eng d  a0250-470700a3D printing of semicrystalline polypropylene: towards eliminating warpage of printed objects0 a3D printing of semicrystalline polypropylene towards eliminating  cJUL  a1710 v433 a<p>Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an extrusion-based 3D printing technique for thermoplastic polymers. In this technique, molten polymer is extruded through a print nozzle and is laid down layer by layer to build up the printed object. Currently, FFF is used primarily to print amorphous or low-crystallinity polymers, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA). Printing of semicrystalline polymers, such as polyethylene or polypropylene remains particularly challenging. During FFF of semicrystalline polymers, large thermomechanical stresses are generated when the polymer solidifies on cooling. These stresses result in warpage of the printed part. Here, we analyse the factors that influence stresses generated during FFF 3D printing of a commercial semicrystalline polymer, isotactic polypropylene. We investigate the effect of height of the printed object on part warpage, as well the effect of infilling during printing. We demonstrate that the stresses generated during FFF can be substantially decreased by incorporation of a `brim', viz. a thin layer at the base of the printed object, and by adhering the brim to the print substrate using common polyvinyl acetate-based glue. We systematically investigate the effect of the brim size on the warpage of the printed object. We support our experimental findings with finite element method (FEM) simulations that explain the mechanism of stress buildup during printing. The trend in stresses calculated in the FEM simulations parallel the warpage measured in the experiments. Thus, this work represents an important methodological advance towards warpage-free FFF printing of semicrystalline polymers.</p>
10a3D printing10apolypropylene printing10awarpage1 aBachhar, Nirmalya1 aGudadhe, Aniket1 aKumar, Anil1 aAndrade, Prem1 aKumaraswamy, Guruswamy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/3d-printing-semicrystalline-polypropylene-towards-eliminating-warpage-printed-objects02019nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260000800214300001400222490000700236520121900243653001601462653001801478653001501496653003701511653001801548653002601566100001901592700001701611700003101628856011801659       2020                        eng d  a0032-388800aEnhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid using nanocellulose0 aEnhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic aci  cAUG  a1842-18550 v603 a<p>We report here a systematic investigation of the mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) processed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing vs PLA processed by compression molding. Our results show that the tensile strength and modulus of FFF-PLA is 49% and 41% lower, respectively, than compression molded samples of PLA. We also demonstrate here an approach to augment the mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA using nanocellulose. Incorporation of a small quantity (1 wt%) of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) was found to enhance the tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed PLA by 84% and 63%, respectively. X-ray microtomography was used to probe the morphology of 3D printed PLA and PLA/CNF composites. 3D printed PLA/CNF composites had significantly lesser voids as compared to neat 3D printed PLA. Differential scanning calorimetry study revealed that CNF can accelerate the nucleation and crystallization of 3D printed PLA leading to enhanced crystallinity. The thermal stability of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites was not compromised by the addition of CNF. The enhanced mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA/CNF composites can be ascribed to higher crystallinity and lesser defects.</p>
10a3D printing10aBiocomposites10acomposites10afused filament fabrication (FFF)10aNanocellulose10apolylactic acid (PLA)1 aAmbone, Tushar1 aTorris, Arun1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/enhancing-mechanical-properties-3d-printed-polylactic-acid-using-nanocellulose01589nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157260000800226490000800234520086200242653001601104653002801120653002901148653001401177653002701191100001601218700001701234856013201251       2022                        eng d  a1022-135200aBiodegradable, solvent-free photocrosslinkable PLLA resin formulations for additive manufacturing0 aBiodegradable solventfree photocrosslinkable PLLA resin formulat  cNOV0 v2233 a<p>
	Acrylate end-functionalized linear and star poly l-lactide (PLLA) based aliphatic, photocurable oligomeric crosslinkers are developed, which are formulated with hydroxyl (ethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) as a biodegradable reactive diluent to demonstrate successful application for solvent-less 3D printing using digital light processing (DLP) technique as well as a custom-designed direct ink writing 3D printer. The resin formulation for 3D printing is optimized using spot curing, photodifferential scanning calorimetry and cure depth analysis. The 3D printed parts exhibit promising mechanical property along with improved hydrophilicity and biodegradability. The development of new photocurable resin formulations are expected to meet the growing demand for raw materials that can be applied for developing custom designed bio implantable objects.</p>
10a3D printing10abiodegradable materials10adigital light processing10aL-Lactide10aphotocurable materials1 aPal, Shibam1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/biodegradable-solvent-free-photocrosslinkable-plla-resin-formulations-additive-manufacturing02603nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245017500055210006900230260000900299300001100308490000800319520175500327653001602082653001602098653002802114653001802142653001702160100002302177700002802200700001702228856012802245       2023                        eng d  a0032-386100aDesign and synthesis of photocrosslinker and light blocker based on L-Amino acid polyester and their application in solvent-free resin formulation for DLP/SLA 3D printing0 aDesign and synthesis of photocrosslinker and light blocker based  cMAR   a1257810 v2703 a<p>
	Customising material design for new technological applications like additive manufacturing (AM) is a challenging yet promising approach to create a palette of materials suitable for developing eco-friendly products. LGlutamic acid and L-aspartic acid based aliphatic, photocurable polyester crosslinkers were designed and developed and incorporated into a solvent-free photocurable resin formulation with hydroxyl (ethyl)methacrylate (HEMA). Proof-of-concept 3D printing of clear and transparent objects was demonstrated using digital light processing (DLP) and Stereolithography (SLA) techniques. Resolution of the 3D printed objects could be improved by incorporating a Dansyl labelled L-glutamic acid polyester, which not only aided in modulating the viscosity of the resin formulation but could also function as a light blocker, thereby avoiding polymerization of unwanted areas while 3D printing. The curing kinetics of the photocurable formulation was analyzed using photo differential Scanning Calorimetry. Enzymatic degradability studies of 3D printed films were undertaken in PBS buffer containing esterase enzyme and compared with 3D printed samples using HEMA and a commercial crosslinker (Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA)). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the 3D printed films before and after enzymatic degradation in the PBS buffer for 60 days. The 3D printed amino acid crosslinked films of HEMA presented high degree of degradation in contrast to the near total absence of any degradation in the 3D printed film crosslinked using TMPTA. The availability of new photocurable formulations that are enzymatically degradable are highly sought after for 3D printing applications.</p>
10a3D printing10aCrosslinker10aL -Amino acid Polyester10aLight blocker10aPhotocurable1 aKamble, Ganesh, N.1 aJoshi, Dheeraj, Chandra1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/design-and-synthesis-photocrosslinker-and-light-blocker-based-l-amino-acid-polyester-and02309nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260000800220300001400228490000700242520130500249653001601554653001401570653001701584653001801601653002201619653001401641100003101655700002001686700002601706700001701732700002301749700001901772700002001791700002901811700003101840856012401871       2023                        eng d  a0032-388800aLuminescent 3D printed poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties0 aLuminescent 3D printed polylactic acid nanocomposites with enhan  cJUL  a2059-20720 v633 a<p>
	The three-dimensional (3D) printing of functional composite materials has gained tremendous interest in recent years. Nevertheless, research on 3D printing of luminescent composite materials is very limited, and the mechanical properties of such 3D-printed composites are poor. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composite that, when 3D printed, exhibits enhanced toughness and high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield. Incorporation of only 1 wt% pyrene butyric acid modified cellulose nanofibers (PBA-m-CNF) and l0 wt% thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) into PLA led to 223% increase in toughness and 21% increase in tensile modulus of PLA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu-CT) analysis of the fractured cross-sections of 3D printed composites revealed a ductile failure mode. The PLA/PBA-m-CNF1/TPU10 3D printed composite also exhibited a high solid-state fluorescence quantum yield of 38.35%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show both enhanced mechanical properties and high solid-state fluorescence emission for 3D printable PLA. Such functional PLA composites could have potential applications in the fabrication of complex-shaped sensors, optical light pipes, etc.</p>
10a3D printing10aComposite10afluorescence10aNanocellulose10apoly(lactic acid)10atoughness1 aKothavade, Premkumar, Anil1 aYadav, Prashant1 aNidhankar, Aakash, D.1 aTorris, Arun1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aKafi, Abdullah1 aBateman, Stuart1 aSukumaran, Santosh, Babu1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/luminescent-3d-printed-polylactic-acid-nanocomposites-enhanced-mechanical-properties02132nas a2200301   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238490000700247520111200254653001601366653002001382653000901402653002001411653000901431100002901440700001801469700002901487700002401516700002901540700002501569700001801594700002501612700003101637700003001668856013201698       2023                        eng d  a1861-472800aThermally activated delayed fluorescent solvent-free organic liquid hybrids for tunable emission applications0 aThermally activated delayed fluorescent solventfree organic liqu  cJUL 0 v183 a<p>
	The synthetic feasibility and excellent luminescence features of organic molecules attracted much attention and were eventually found useful in lighting applications. In this context, a solvent-free organic liquid having attractive thermally activated delayed fluorescence features in bulk along with high processability has prime importance. Herein, we report a series of naphthalene monoimide-based solvent-free organic liquids exhibiting cyan to red thermally activated delayed fluorescence with luminescence quantum yields up to 80% and lifetimes between 10 to 45 mu s. An effective approach explored energy transfer between liquid donors with various emitters exhibiting tunable emission colors, including white. The high processability of liquid emitters improved the compatibility with polylactic acid and was used for developing multicolor emissive objects using 3D printing. Our demonstration of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence liquid will be much appreciated as a processable alternate emissive material suitable for large-area lighting, display, and related applications.</p>
10a3D printing10aEnergy Transfer10aOLED10aOrganic Liquids10aTADF1 aNidhankar, Aakash, D. D.1 aGoudappagouda1 aKothavade, Premkumar, D.1 aDongre, Sangram, D.1 aVeer, Sairam, Dnyaneshwa1 aDash, Soumya, Ranjan1 aRajeev, Kavya1 aUnni, K., N. Narayan1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aBabu, Sukumaran, Santhosh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermally-activated-delayed-fluorescent-solvent-free-organic-liquid-hybrids-tunable-emission02643nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260000800251300001600259490000700275520158000282653001601862653001501878653002201893653002101915653002101936100001901957700002301976700002501999700002402024700003002048700002302078700002002101700001802121700003102139700003002170856012902200       2024                        eng d  a1944-824400aHighly electrostrictive salt cocrystal and the piezoelectric nanogenerator application of its 3D-printed polymer composite0 aHighly electrostrictive salt cocrystal and the piezoelectric nan  cMAY  a26406-264160 v163 a<p>
	Ionic cocrystals with hydrogen bonding can form exciting materials with enhanced optical and electronic properties. We present a highly moisture-stable ammonium salt cocrystal [CH3C6H4CH(CH3)NH2][CH3C6H4CH(CH3)NH3][PF6] ((p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6) crystallizing in the polar monoclinic C2 space group. The asymmetry in (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6 was induced by its chiral substituents, while the polar order and structural stability were achieved by using the octahedral PF6- anion and the consequent formation of salt cocrystal. The ferroelectric properties of (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6 were confirmed through P-E loop measurements. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) enabled the visualization of its domain structure with characteristic ``butterfly'' and hysteresis loops associated with ferro- and piezoelectric properties. Notably, (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6 exhibits a large electrostrictive coefficient (Q(33)) value of 2.02 m(4) C-2, higher than those found for ceramic-based materials and comparable to that of polyvinylidene difluoride. Furthermore, the composite films of (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6 with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer and its gyroid-shaped 3D-printed composite scaled-up device, 3DP-Gy, were prepared and evaluated for piezoelectric energy-harvesting functionality. A high output voltage of 22.8 V and a power density of 118.5 mu W cm(-3) have been recorded for the 3DP-Gy device. Remarkably, no loss in voltage outputs was observed for the (p-TEA)(p-TEAH)PF6 devices even after exposure to 99% relative humidity, showcasing their utility under extremely humid conditions.</p>
10a3D printing10acocrystals10aenergy harvesting10aferroelectricity10aPiezoelectricity1 aSahoo, Supriya1 aPanday, Rishukumar1 aKothavade, Premkumar1 aSharma, Vijay, Bhan1 aSowmiyanarayanan, Anirudh1 aPraveenkumar, Balu1 aZareba, Jan, K.1 aKabra, Dinesh1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aBoomishankar, Ramamoorthy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/highly-electrostrictive-salt-cocrystal-and-piezoelectric-nanogenerator-application-its-3d02168nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238490000800247520143600255653001601691653001601707653002901723653003401752653001401786100001601800700001701816856012901833       2024                        eng d  a0014-305700aThiol-ene-based degradable 3D printed network from bio resource derived monomers ethyl-lactate and isosorbide0 aThiolenebased degradable 3D printed network from bio resource de  cFEB 0 v2053 a<p>
	A polymeric ene-based thiol-ene network is reported that was demonstrated for light-based 3D printing. Allyl poly (acrylate ethyl lactate) (PAEL) was synthesized starting from ethyl lactate in an efficient and scalable manner. Ethyl lactate is a biobased material obtained naturally or chemically in high yields in the form of ethyl ester of lactic acid. Isosorbide, which is also a bio based resource was converted into thiol derivative and was used along with Pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) as multifunctional thiol. The polymeric nature of the ene (i.e. PAEL) imparted exceptionally high mechanical properties like Young's modulus of 1.75 GPa as well as high thermal stability with a decomposition temperature (Td,10%) exceeding 350 C for all the networks studied. The properties could also be customized by fine tuning the type and stoichiometric ratio of the thiol crosslinked employed. For instance, the Young's modulus range from 1.75 GPa to 1.03 GPa and glass transition temperature range from 44 C to 54 C could be achieved. DLP 3D printing was used to demonstrate the printability of the resins with high resolution and structural fidelity. The study also highlights the basemediated rapid hydrolytic degradation efficiency of the 3D printed parts, demonstrating the applicability of these novel polymeric ene based thiol-ene for sustainable and eco-friendly 3D printable formulations.</p>
10a3D printing10aDegradation10adigital light processing10aPoly (acrylate ethyl lactate)10aThiol-ene1 aPal, Shibam1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thiol-ene-based-degradable-3d-printed-network-bio-resource-derived-monomers-ethyl-lactate01999nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260000800256490000700264520117100271653001601442653001501458653002701473653002601500653002201526100002301548700002801571700002701599700001701626856012601643       2025                        eng d  a1861-472800aCarbohydrate-based polyester and amino acid polyester photocrosslinker and their resin formulation for 3D printing applications0 aCarbohydratebased polyester and amino acid polyester photocrossl  cJUN0 v203 a<p>
	Fully bio-based polyester was designed and synthesized using the carbohydrate-based diol 2,4:3,5-di-O-methylene-D-mannitol (Manx) and dimethyl ester of 2,3:4,5-di-O-methylene-galactaric acid (Galx). Photocurable resin formulations were prepared by incorporating up to 15 wt% of the carbohydrate polyester into hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) along with polyacrylamide crosslinker derived from L-glutamic acid. Complex 3D structures with good shape fidelity could be 3D printed using these novel polyester resin formulations. The incorporation of the carbohydrate polyester improved the glass transition temperature of the 3D-printed objects. Enzymatic erosion studies conducted using esterase enzyme revealed a higher degradation rate for the 3D-printed films containing the carbohydrate polyester. The hydrolytic degradation analysis conducted in both acidic and basic environments revealed that the 3D-printed polymer network exhibits stability and resilience in acidic conditions, while it undergoes complete degradation in basic conditions. This finding underscores the possibility of tailoring degradation processes under regulated circumstances.</p>
10a3D printing10aAmino acid10aCarbohydrate polyester10aEnzymatic degradation10aResin formulation1 aKamble, Ganesh, N.1 aJoshi, Dheeraj, Chandra1 aGavhane, Utreshwar, A.1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/carbohydrate-based-polyester-and-amino-acid-polyester-photocrosslinker-and-their-resin02681nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260000800248300001100256490000800267520176100275653001602036653001602052653002702068653001702095653002702112653002202139653003202161100002102193700002002214700002702234700002702261856012702288       2025                        eng d  a0001-868600aCritical advances in biofabrication and biomaterial strategies in tracheal tissue engineering: A comprehensive overview0 aCritical advances in biofabrication and biomaterial strategies i  cNOV  a1036040 v3453 a<p>
	The trachea is a vital respiratory organ that connects the larynx to the lungs and performs crucial functions. Various conditions can cause severe and often irreversible damage to individuals trachea of all age groups. Tracheal regeneration remains a major challenge in respiratory medicine, requiring a innovative solutions to address various underlying causes. Existing clinical interventions often have significant limitations and associated complications. Tissue engineering has potential, but its effectiveness has been limited due to challenges such as poor durability and insufficient revascularization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the landscape of tracheal regeneration, shedding light on the path towards advancements in addressing extensive tracheal defects. It follows a structured approach, introducing various surgical procedures, along with their associated complications. Subsequently, it delves into the myriad biomaterials investigated in the realm of tracheal tissue engineering, emphasizing the significance of design considerations in scaffold fabrication. The review then navigates through various platforms utilized in tracheal tissue engineering and recent innovative approaches employed in this domain. Additionally, it provides insights into the clinical translation of tissueengineered trachea, highlighting recent advancements and challenges encountered in real-world applications. Finally, it discusses the significant challenges and offers a perspective outlook on the future of tracheal tissue engineering. Addressing current limitations and envisioning novel strategies, the review contributes to the ongoing dialogue and progression in this critical field of regenerative medicine.</p>
10a3D printing10a4D printing10aAdditive manufacturing10aBiomaterials10aCell sheet engineering10aOrganoid printing10aTracheal tissue engineering1 aNaik, Sonali, S.1 aDutta, Naba, K.1 aNair, Kiran, Sukumaran1 aChoudhury, Namita, Roy  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/critical-advances-biofabrication-and-biomaterial-strategies-tracheal-tissue-engineering04782nas a2200265   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260000800214300001200222490000700234520395300241653001604194653001704210653000804227653001204235653000804247653002204255653001804277100001804295700001804313700001704331700001604348700002004364856013204384       2025                        eng d00aDLP 3D printing and characterization of PEEK-acrylate composite biomaterials for hip-joint implants0 aDLP 3D printing and characterization of PEEKacrylate composite b  cJAN  a172-1910 v273 a<p>
	<b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Introduction.&nbsp;</b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Hip joint replacement is considered the most complex and critically important orthopedic surgical procedure compared to knee and shoulder joint replacements. Over the past few decades, there has been significant advancement in hip joint replacement technology, and various biomaterials have been substantially improved. An increasing number of hip joint replacement surgeries are now successful, assisting individuals in regaining normal daily activity and work capacity comparable to their pre-fracture state. However, the need for revision surgery, specifically for implant replacement, is still observed in active patients several years following the initial operation. This underscores the need to develop durable biomaterials and customized hip joint implants to reduce implant wear and the risk of dislocation. This research study explores a novel PEEK-in-acrylate composite biomaterial with varied weight percentages of PEEK (0 %, 5 %, and 10 %) in an acrylate-based matrix. Tests were conducted to determine its properties, biocompatibility, and 3D printability. Based on the developed material, pins (in accordance with the ASTM standard) were fabricated using 3D printing for subsequent wear rate studies. The potential use of the developed composite materials for hip-joint applications was also thoroughly investigated.&nbsp;</span><b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">The purpose of this study</b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;is to develop and investigate a new PEEK in Acrylate composite biomaterial with varied weight percentages of PEEK (0 %, 5 %, and 10 %) in an acrylate-based matrix. The research includes an assessment of the material's properties, biocompatibility, and 3D printability. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technology at room temperature, pins (in accordance with the ASTM standard) were fabricated. An experimental study of dry sliding wear resistance was conducted on the resulting samples to determine the effect of PEEK weight fraction on the wear rate and frictional performance against an SS 316 steel disk. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the surface structure and element distribution within the material.&nbsp;</span><b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">The Methods of Investigation.&nbsp;</b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D Printing technique was used to 3D Print the ASTM pins and Acetabular liner with different weight fraction of PEEK in acrylate. Dry sliding wear tests were carried out using a pin-on-disk tribometer. During testing, the disk rotation speed and the normal load on the pin were varied. The studies were designed to determine the influence of input parameters on the wear rate. A total of nine experiments were conducted for each PEEK weight fraction, with a sliding distance of 4 km per experiment. The load ranged from 20 to 100 N, and the sliding speed varied from 450 to 750 rpm. Surface structure and element distribution were analyzed by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).&nbsp;</span><b style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Result and Discussion.&nbsp;</b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;">Current study demonstrates the advantages of varying the weight fraction of PEEK in Acrylate for DLP-fabricated biomaterials. Analysis of the SEM, EDS, and wear testing results indicated that the composite with 10 wt % PEEK in Acrylate exhibited superior microstructural integrity, elemental homogeneity, and significantly improved wear resistance. The 10 wt % PEEK in Acrylate composite, fabricated via DLP 3D printing, is suitable for biomedical implant and healthcare applications</span></p>
10a3D printing10aBiomaterials10aFDM10aimplant10aPLA10aprint orientation10awear behavior1 aDama, Yogiraj1 aJogi, Bhagwan1 aPawade, Raju1 aPal, Shibam1 aGaikwad, Yogesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/dlp-3d-printing-and-characterization-peek-acrylate-composite-biomaterials-hip-joint-implants02608nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260000800235300001600243490000600259520173400265653001601999653002102015653001802036653001702054653002802071100002402099700002302123700002202146700002902168700002702197856013002224       2025                        eng d  a2637-610500aTriple G-C-T base-coded nucleobase self-assembling monomers featuring polymerizable groups for 3D printing0 aTriple GCT basecoded nucleobase selfassembling monomers featurin  cNOV  a15619-156280 v73 a<p>
	Self-assembling monomers (SAMs) offer a versatile strategy for enhancing the performance of photoresins in Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of two photoprintable, nucleobase-inspired SAMs featuring a triple G-C-T base-coded hydrogen-bonding motif. This SAM was formulated using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) to prepare UV-curable resins suitable for high-resolution DLP printing. Remarkably, the printed samples exhibited supramolecular self-assembly, facilitated by dynamic hydrogen bonding, demonstrating a notable enhancement in thermal and mechanical performance when compared to the control sample. Thermal properties evaluated by a differential scanning calorimeter revealed an increase in the glass transition temperature (T-g) from 15 degrees C to 54 degrees C for SAM-incorporated printed materials. Mechanical testing demonstrated a &gt;200% increase in toughness and &gt;150% improvement in tensile strength relative to the unmodified resin while maintaining or exceeding the original elongation at break (up to similar to 74%). Variable-temperature FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of thermally responsive supramolecular interactions. Notably, self-healing behavior was observed in both GCT-A 15 wt % and GCT-S 15 wt % formulations, indicating partial recovery of mechanical integrity under mild thermal conditions due to reversible hydrogen bonding. These findings demonstrate the potential of SAMs as functional additives for developing robust, thermally stable, and self-healing DLP-printed materials for advanced engineering applications.</p>
10a3D printing10ahydrogen bonding10aSelf-assembly10aSelf-healing10aTriple G-C-T nucleobase1 aGawande, Akshay, J.1 aKamble, Ganesh, N.1 aSingh, Dharmendra1 aSanjayan, Gangadhar., J.1 aNair, Kiran, Sukumaran  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/triple-g-c-t-base-coded-nucleobase-self-assembling-monomers-featuring-polymerizable-groups02231nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260000900225300001200234490000600246520145100252653001601703653002501719653003101744653001901775653001301794100002301807700002201830700001701852856013201869       2026                        eng d  a2637-610500aRecyclable l-glutamic acid-based polyester schiff base cross-linker for 3D printing applications0 aRecyclable lglutamic acidbased polyester schiff base crosslinker  cJAN   a641-6500 v83 a<p>
	An l-amino acid-based polyester Schiff base cross-linker was developed from amine-functionalized polyester and biobased methacrylate vanillin. Vanillin, one of the few biobased and aromatic compounds readily available on an industrial scale, has recently garnered significant attention from the polymer community. The l-amino acid-based polyester Schiff base cross-linker (P3) was synthesized by condensing the aldehyde group of methacrylate vanillin with the amine group of the l-glutamic acid polyester. This polymeric cross-linker was used in resin formulations consisting of isobornyl acrylate as a reactive diluent and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide as the photoinitiator for digital light processing (DLP) three-dimensional (3D) printing. The resulting 3D-printed parts exhibited good mechanical properties, with a Young's modulus of 1.5 GPa, and high thermal stability, with a T max of 410 degrees C. The chemical degradability of the 3D-printed materials was demonstrated in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and diethylene triamine (1:1) at 80 degrees C for 48 h. The reusability of the recovered resin was demonstrated by adding fresh methacrylate vanillin and photoinitiator, followed by 3D printing using a DLP 3D printer. The 3D-printed parts produced from the recycled resin retained substantial mechanical properties, with a Young's modulus of 1.39 GPa, and thermal stability, with a T max of 390 degrees C.</p>
10a3D printing10achemical degradation10acovalent adaptable network10al-glutamicacid10aVanillin1 aKamble, Ganesh, N.1 aGhute, Aaditi, P.1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/recyclable-l-glutamic-acid-based-polyester-schiff-base-cross-linker-3d-printing-applications02056nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260000800216300001400224490000700238520127500245653001601520653002801536653001401564653000901578100001801587700001601605700001901621700001901640700003101659856012401690       2026                        eng d  a0969-023900aSimple two-step gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy methyl cellulose gels0 aSimple twostep gelation process to strengthen 3D printed carboxy  cMAR  a2015-20300 v333 a<p>
	Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose ether that is widely utilized in hydrogel applications due to its exceptional water absorption and biocompatibility. This study reports a simple two step strategy to make mechanically robust CMC gels without any additional chemical crosslinkers and how it could be leveraged to strengthen 3D printed CMC gels. These hydrogels, prepared through acid-induced gelation followed by freeze-thawing, exhibited a compressive modulus of 12.4 +/- 0.92 kPa and a compressive strength of 491.0 +/- 18.1 kPa. They could be leveraged for strengthening 3D printing hydrogels of intricate shapes by direct ink writing. Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) tests indicated an order of magnitude higher storage modulus for freeze-thawed gels (FC) as compared to only acid-induced CMC gels (HCMC). Nonetheless, stress relaxation experiments revealed that FC, as well as HCMC gels, relax at similar time scales. FC gels exhibited clear birefringence under crossed polarizers, indicating molecular ordering that is consistent with the presence of ordered/crystalline domains. Such ordered domains likely contribute to the higher elastic modulus and compressive strength observed in FC gels as compared to HCMC gels.</p>
10a3D printing10aCarboxymethyl cellulose10acellulose10aGels1 aRajput, Tejas1 aSathe, Asmi1 aGopal, Animesh1 aSharma, Aakash1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/simple-two-step-gelation-process-strengthen-3d-printed-carboxy-methyl-cellulose-gels02655nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245008500055210006900140260000800209490000800217520171400225653001601939653003101955653002201986653001602008653001302024100002902037700002502066700001802091700002302109700002002132700002202152700002302174700003102197700001702228856012002245       2026                        eng d  a1022-135200aVanillin-based recyclable thermosets and their glass fiber reinforced composites0 aVanillinbased recyclable thermosets and their glass fiber reinfo  cJAN0 v2273 a<p>
	The accumulation of end-of-life plastic materials and composite reinforcement waste materials has brought much attention to developing sustainable alternatives and their re-processability. Incorporating covalent adaptable networks (CANs) into the crosslinked network bridges the concept of reversibility into the otherwise conventional non-reversible networks. This study investigates the structure-property relation in two reversible hardener systems derived from vanillin using Schiff base chemistry. The ``CAN'' systems were synthesized by condensation of vanillin with two amines, 4,4'-oxydianiline and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, respectively, to form Va_ODA and Va_TAEA. The epoxy thermosets exhibited glass transition temperatures (T-g) of 125 degrees C and 115 degrees C, respectively, for Va_ODA and Va_TAEA, which is superior to most reversible vanillin-based systems reported. The vitrimer-thermosets exhibited promising mechanical and thermal properties, and reshaping abilities as a function of applied temperatures, indicating the dynamic nature of linkages. Chemical degradability was demonstrated by heating to 80 degrees C for 12 h in aqueous acidic medium or excess amine. The fabricated glass fiber composites exhibited good mechanical properties with tensile strength of 361 MPa and degradability in acetic acid/water mixture with a fiber recovery of &gt;98 %. The recovered glass fiber exhibited almost similar tensile strength as the virgin glass fiber, demonstrating its potential reusability. The epoxy vitrimers underwent mechanical reprocessing through hot-pressing, as well as chemical reprocessing via 3D printing and by regeneration of imine bonds to form an epoxy resin.</p>
10a3D printing10acovalent adaptable network10are-processability10aSchiff base10aVanillin1 aVeetil, Ashwani, Puthiya1 aRavikumar, Aniruddha1 aRajput, Tejas1 aSingh, Aman, Kumar1 aThakur, Tamanna1 aKrishna, Abhijith1 aPol, Harshawardhan1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/vanillin-based-recyclable-thermosets-and-their-glass-fiber-reinforced-composites