02667nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245013800055210006900193260000900262300001100271490000800282520178300290653002602073653001702099653002202116653002302138653002002161100002302181700001802204700001802222700002202240700001902262856013202281       2020                        eng d  a0147-651300aComprehensive metagenomic insights into a unique mass gathering and bathing event reveals transient influence on a riverine ecosystem0 aComprehensive metagenomic insights into a unique mass gathering   cOCT   a1109380 v2023 a<p>The religious mass gathering and bathing can pose a multitude of significant public health challenges and lead to severe alterations in the river microbial ecology. The Pandharpur Wari is an annual pilgrimage of Maharashtra, India, where millions of devotees carry the footprints of the saint-poets and pay their obeisance to Lord Vitthal on the 11th day of moon's waxing phase (Ashadi Ekadashi). As a part of the ritual, the engrossed devotees, walk over 250 km, take a first holy dip in a sacred river Indrayani at Alandi and secondly in Bhima River at Pandharpur. The MinION-based shotgun metagenomic approach was employed to examine the impact of spiritual mass bathing on environmental changes (concerning the river microbial community structure and functions); and public health aspects (in terms of changes in the pathogenic potential and antibiotic resistance). The analysis of bathing and post-bathing samples of both the rivers revealed alterations in the alpha and beta diversity, indicating significant spatiotemporal variations in the overall microbial structure and function. Furthermore, the analysis revealed up to 80% of differences in the abundance of virulence genes between the bathing and post bathing samples. We observed parallel increase of priority skin and enteric pathogens (ranging from 11% to 80%) such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the bathing event. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in the antibiotic resistance in the bathing samples of Bhima and Indrayani rivers respectively. Altogether, this is the first comprehensive metagenomic study unravelling the influence of religious mass-bathing on the riverine ecosystem.</p>
10aAntibiotic resistance10aMass bathing10aMinION sequencing10aPriority pathogens10aVirulence genes1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aRajput, Vinay1 aGohil, Kushal1 aKhairnar, Krishna1 aDharne, Mahesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/comprehensive-metagenomic-insights-unique-mass-gathering-and-bathing-event-reveals-transient01867nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000800236300001400244490000800258520105500266653002301321653001801344653001201362653002101374653002201395653002001417100001901437700001801456700002001474856013101494       2020                        eng d  a0888-754300aPlant-pathogen interactions: microRNA-mediated trans-kingdom gene regulation in fungi and their host plants0 aPlantpathogen interactions microRNAmediated transkingdom gene re  cSEP  a3021-30350 v1123 a<p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been prevalently studied in plants, animals, and viruses. However, recent studies show evidences of miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) in fungi as well. It is known that after successful infection, pathogens hijack the host machinery and use it for their own growth and multiplication. Alternatively, resistant plants can overcome the pathogen attack by a variety of mechanisms. Based on this prior knowledge, we computationally predicted milRNAs from 13 fungi, and identified their targets in transcriptomes of the respective fungi as well as their host plants. The expressions of the milRNAs and targets were confirmed using qRT-PCR. We found that plant miRNAs targeted fungal virulence genes, while fungal milRNAs targeted plant resistance genes; corroborating miRNA-mediated trans-kingdom gene regulation and the roles of miRNAs in plantpathogen interactions. Transgenic plants with miRNAs targeting fungal virulence genes, or anti-sense of fungal milRNAs, would be expected to be highly resistant to the fungal pathogens.</p>
10aDisease resistance10aFungal miRNAs10aqRT-PCR10aResistance genes10aTarget prediction10aVirulence genes1 aMathur, Monika1 aNair, Aswathy1 aKadoo, Narendra  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/plant-pathogen-interactions-microrna-mediated-trans-kingdom-gene-regulation-fungi-and-their