02110nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245010600055210006900161260006800230300001400298490000700312520123700319653001701556653001401573653001501587653002001602653001001622653001401632100001901646700002501665700002401690700001901714856012301733       2005                        eng d  a0887-626600aPoly(acrylonitrile) ultrafiltration membranes. II. membrane morphology and permeation characteristics0 aPolyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes II membrane morpholo  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcAUG  a2074-20850 v433 a<p>The rheology and phase-boundary characteristics of various solutions comprising three polyacrylonitrile (PAN) grades dissolved in solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide + salt (LiCl, ZnCl2, or AICl(3)) additives were correlated with the resulting membrane morphology as determined by microscopy and permeability measurements. The phase separation characteristics of the dope solution were not markedly affected by the PAN molecular weight (MW); however, they were affected by the salt additive. For higher MW grades, the effect of salt addition can also be masked by the increased self-association tendency of the polymer chains. PAN-B and -C membranes were clearly less asymmetric in structure than the lower MW PAN-Abased membranes. This is attributed to the higher viscosity/lower diffusivity of the PAN-13 and -C solutions, which results in slower solvent-nonsolvent exchange during the phase inversion process. Two factors reduce the incidence of surface defects (increased bubble points): (a) higher solution viscosity dampens surface perturbations during phase inversion, and (b) phase inversion pathways resulting in more homogenous morphology lead to membranes with higher bubble points. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10abubble point10amembranes10aMorphology10aphase inversion10asalts10aviscosity1 aPhadke, M., A.1 aKulkarni, Sudhir, S.1 aKarode, Sandeep, K.1 aMusale, D., A.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polyacrylonitrile-ultrafiltration-membranes-ii-membrane-morphology-and-permeation-002429nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245022800055210006900283260006800352300001400420490000700434520132000441653001401761653001801775653002301793653001501816653001801831653003601849653002301885100001801908700002501926700002101951700002801972700002302000856012802023       2006                        eng d  a0887-624X00aSynthesis, characterization, and molecular modeling studies of novel polyurethanes based on 2,2 '-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol and 2,2 '-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol hard segments0 aSynthesis characterization and molecular modeling studies of nov  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcOCT  a6032-60460 v443 a<p>Novel polyurethanes (PUS) based on 2,2 `-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol and 2,2 `-[hexane-1,6-diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol as hard segments containing four aromatic diisocyanates (4,4 `-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate) have been prepared. Fourier transform infrared, UV spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis have been used to determine the structural characterization and thermal properties of the segmented PUS. All the PUS contain domains of both semicrystalline and amorphous structures, as indicated by X-ray diffraction. The acoustic properties have been calculated with the group contribution method. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on all the PUS to estimate the cohesive energy density and solubility parameter values, which compare well with the values calculated with the group contribution method. Furthermore, the simulation protocols have been applied to the PUS to produce X-ray diffraction plots to determine the phase morphology of the PUS. The surface properties of the PUS have been estimated from the simulation protocols. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>10aamorphous10ahard segments10amolecular dynamics10aMorphology10apolyurethanes10aSchiff base containing polymers10aThermal properties1 aRaghu, A., V.1 aGadaginamath, G., S.1 aJawalkar, S., S.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.1 aAminabhavi, T., A.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-characterization-and-molecular-modeling-studies-novel-polyurethanes-based-22-102227nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210005200110260006900162300001200231490000700243520144600250653003001696653003701726653001801763653002101781653001501802100002001817700001901837700002201856700002001878856008701898       2006                        eng d  a0254-058400aSynthesis of star shaped Ba1-xSrTiO3 (BST) powders0 aSynthesis of star shaped Ba1xSrTiO3 BST powders  aPO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLANDbELSEVIER SCIENCE SAcJUN  a295-3000 v973 a<p>Uniform star shaped strontium substituted barium titanyl oxalate Ba1-xSrxTiO(C2O4)(2) (BSTO)/strontium substituted barium titanate, Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) powders were prepared via a simple chemical co-precipitation route with x = 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25. The process involved an addition of 0.1 M solution of titanium tetrabutoxide (BTM) in isopropanol (IPA) to 0.1 M oxalic acid in IPA containing 0.2 M of H2O to produce titanyl oxalate precipitate which was further reacted with 0.1 M solution of ammonium oxalate to obtain 0.1 M clear homogeneous solution of ammonium titanyl oxalate (ATO) with pH 4.25 containing titanium in the form of soluble anionic oxalate species [TiO(C2O4)(2)(2-)]. Stoichiometric quantities of barium hydroxide and strontium nitrate were dissolved in distilled water and its pH was adjusted nearly equal to that of ATO (similar to 4.15) by drop wise addition of dilute HNO3 solution 1:10 (v/v). The addition of this mixed cation precursor solution to ATO solution resulted in precipitation of strontium substituted barium titanyl oxalate (BSTO) having star shaped morphology. The calcination of BSTO precursors at 730 degrees C for 4 h in air produced cubic BST powders (a(o) similar to 4.001, 3.996 and 3.991 angstrom for x = 0. 15, 0.20, 0.25, respectively) having star shaped morphology. SEM, XRD and IFTIR techniques were used to characterize the BSTO/BST powders. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10abarium-strontium titanate10abarium-strontium titanyl oxalate10acapping agent10aCo-precipitation10aMorphology1 aKhollam, Y., B.1 aPotdar, H., S.1 aDeshpande, S., B.1 aGaikwad, A., B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-star-shaped-ba1-xsrtio3-bst-powders-101941nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245020800055210006900263260007300332300001200405490000700417520083100424653001701255653001701272653001801289653001501307653002101322653001801343653001701361653002301378100001801401700002501419700002201444700002801466700002701494856013001521       2007                        eng d  a1381-514800aSynthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on 4,4 `-[1,4-phenylenedi-diazene-2,1-dlyl] bis(2-carboxyphenol) and 4,4 `-[1,4-phenylenedi-diazene-2,1-diyl] bis(2-chlorophenol) hard segments0 aSynthesis and characterization of novel polyurethanes based on 4  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcJUN  a503-5140 v673 a<p>Eight novel polyurethanes (PUs) based on 4,4'-[1,4-phenylenedi-diazene-2,1-diyl]bis(2-carboxyphenot) and 4,4'-[1,4phenylenedi-diazene-2,1-diyl]bis(2-chloro- phenol) as hard segments with four diisocyanates viz., 4,4-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate were prepared. Structural and thermal characterization of the segmented PUs were determined by FT-IR, UV spectrophotometry, fluoroscence spectroscopy, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR spectroscopy and DTA/TGA analysis. All the PUs contain domains of semi-crystalline and amorphous structures, as indicated by X-ray diffraction. PUs were soluble in polar aprotic solvents like N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DIVISO). (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aazo polymers10afluorescence10ahard segments10aMorphology10aphase separation10apolyurethanes10aspectroscopy10aThermal properties1 aRaghu, A., V.1 aGadaginamath, G., S.1 aMathew, Nevin, T.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.1 aAminabhavi, Tejraj, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-novel-polyurethanes-based-44-14-phenylenedi-diazene-21-dlyl03568nas a2200217   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260009900212300001000311490000700321520275900328653001303087653002503100653002403125653002303149653001503172100002103187700002303208856011903231       2008                        eng d  a0144-861700aComplexation of heavy metals by crosslinked chitin and its deacetylated derivatives0 aComplexation of heavy metals by crosslinked chitin and its deace  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJAN  a66-730 v713 a<p>Chitin was crosslinked using diisocyanatohexane (HDI), trimellitic anhydride (TMA), and dibromodecane (DBD), then deacetylated in strong aqueous alkali. This led to a product with amine functional groups on the exposed surface of the crosslinked chitin, which could be utilized for complexation with heavy metals. Thus, a key feature of the crosslinked derivatives prepared was that only the hydroxy Groups were utilized in the crosslinking reaction, and the acetylamino groups of chitin were hydrolyzed only after the crosslinking was accomplished. This ensured that all amino groups of the chitosans so produced would be available for metal complexation, and not partially used up in crosslinking. This proposed advantage was proved by the similar binding observed for heavy metals like Hg (348-372 mg/g), Cu (91-119 mg/g), Zn (71-92 mg/g), Mn (3-10 mg/g), Cd (121-160 mg/g), and Pb (32-86 mg/g) using these crosslinked polymers, whereas the control polymer (uncrosslinked chitosan powder) had complexation values for Hg (348-361 mg/g), Cu (100-106 mg/g), Zn (81-92 mg/g), Mn (4-7 mg/g), Cd (135 mg/g), and Pb (25-59 mg/g). Additionally, in a case where chitosan was crosslinked with HDI. the amino groups were consumed in the crosslinking reaction, and the metal complexation capacity has found to be decreased for Cu (91-109 mg/g), Cd (133 mg/g), and Zn (71-77 mg/g), while remaining nearly the same for Hg (362 mg/g). The literature value for Cu complexation is 59.67 mg/g for chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The crosslinked derivatives have the added advantage of insolubility even in low pH aqueous media, making their repeated re-use possible. Further, these crosslinked derivatives could be used in powder form, and the additional step of preparing beads was found to be not necessary for ease of separation of the crosslinked powder by filtration. The binding capacity of various crosslinked chitin and deacetylated derivatives for Cu, Cd, Hg, Zn, Mn. and Pb was in the region of 100, 140, 360 88, 5, and 60 mg/g (rounded off values) of polymer, respectively, very close to the values obtained for uncrosslinked chitosan. The metal binding for crosslinked chitosan was slightly lower than that of crosslinked chitin and deacetylated derivatives, due to use of some amino groups in crosslinking. For Cu ions, the Langmuir equation was found to be the best fit for HDI crosslinked deacetylated chitin and TMA crosslinked deacetylated chitin. The morphological studies conducted using WAXRD are in close agreement with the metal complexation data, showing complete loss of original chitosan peaks for the heavily complexed derivatives, and minor changes for the weakly complexed metals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aChitosan10aCrosslinked chitosan10adeacetylated chitin10ametal complexation10aMorphology1 aTrimukhe, K., D.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/complexation-heavy-metals-crosslinked-chitin-and-its-deacetylated-derivatives-002481nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260009900232300001400331490000700345520159100352653003401943653001501977653001901992100002602011700002202037700002202059700002202081700001702103856013102120       2008                        eng d  a0032-386100aEffect of synthesis procedure on the structure and properties of palladium/polycarbonate nanocomposites0 aEffect of synthesis procedure on the structure and properties of  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcJUL  a3413-34180 v493 a<p>In this paper, we compare two procedures for the synthesis of palladium (Pd)/polycarbonate (PC) nanocomposites as well as their morphological, optical, thermal and electrical properties. Pd nanoclusters were produced by the reduction of palladium chloride using a variation of Brust's method. Discrete I'd nanoclusters of similar to 15 nm size were formed in the absence of PC in the reaction mixture (ex situ method) while agglomeration of Pd nanoclusters was noticed in the presence of PC in the reaction mixture (in situ method). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggests nanoparticle-polymer interactions and polymer conformational changes in the in situ nanocomposite films. Even after having the same Pd content, the ex situ nanocomposites films were found to transmit more light than the in situ nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (T-g), decreased by similar to 16 degrees C for both the ex situ and in situ samples. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the presence of Pd nanoclusters significantly improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites, as evidenced by the enhanced onset of degradation by similar to 20 degrees C and similar to 40 degrees C for the in situ and ex situ nanocomposites, respectively. The electrical conductivity measurement shows a dramatic difference between these nanocomposites with a significantly higher value for the in situ nanocomposite (resistivity = 2.1 X 10(5) Omega m) compared to the ex situ nanocomposite (resistivity = 7.2 x 10(13) Omega m). (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10ain situ and ex situ syntheses10aMorphology10aNanocomposites1 aValmikanathan, O., P.1 aOstroverkhova, O.1 aMulla, Imtiaz, S.1 aVijayamohanan, K.1 aAtre, S., V.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-synthesis-procedure-structure-and-properties-palladiumpolycarbonate-nanocomposites-002102nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245010400055210006900159260009900228300001200327490000700339520126100346653001301607653002501620653001801645653001501663653000801678653001001686100002101696700002301717856013201740       2008                        eng d  a0144-861700aMorphological study of heavy metal complexes of chitosan and crosslinked chitosans by SEM and WAXRD0 aMorphological study of heavy metal complexes of chitosan and cro  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcMAR  a698-7020 v713 a<p>Metal complexes of salts of Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Mn with chitosan and crosslinked chitosans were prepared, and their morphologies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction. The metal ions which were specifically and strongly complexed to the amino functions of chitosans, like Hg, showed smooth surface morphology inspite of large number of ions complexed (372 mg/g of chitosan). The presence of metal ions on the surface of the chitosans could be detected with decrease in metal ion binding, in the following sequence Hg &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Zn &gt; Pb &gt; Mn. Particularly in the case of Pb ions, the presence of these ions is clearly seen on the surface of the polymer by SEM. The number of ions of Mn complexed on the polymers was too few (5 mg/g of chitosan) to be visible. SEM of Hg and Cu complexes do not show the ``holes'' observed in the crosslinked polymers as they bind specifically to amino groups of chitosan, but for Cd, Zn, Mn, and Pb complexes, these ``holes'' are clearly visible. These results are also in agreement with the morphologies studied by WAXRD. The metal complexation data for each of these metal ions was also in the same sequence. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aChitosan10aCrosslinked chitosan10ametal complex10aMorphology10aSEM10aWAXRD1 aTrimukhe, K., D.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/morphological-study-heavy-metal-complexes-chitosan-and-crosslinked-chitosans-sem-and-waxrd-002005nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245011800055210006900173260009900242300001200341490000700353520106500360653001801425653001401443653002001457653002601477653001501503653001801518100002601536700002001562700001901582700001801601856013201619       2009                        eng d  a0141-391000aEffect of gamma-dose rate on crystallinity and morphological changes of gamma-sterilized biomedical polypropylene0 aEffect of gammadose rate on crystallinity and morphological chan  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcFEB  a272-2770 v943 a<p>The present work is aimed to study the changes in crystallinity and morphology of biomedical polyolefins after gamma-sterilization. The isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films were sterilized by gamma-radiation and the changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The effect of dose rate on crystallinity changes also was focused. It was found that crystallinity and morphology significantly changed with gamma-irradiation. There was an increase in crystallinity Lip to 10 kGy accompanied with decrease in viscosity and mechanical properties. The changes in crystallinity mainly depend on gamma-irradiation dose and dose rate. The rise in crystallinity was attributed to chain scission and forming new perfect lamellae. However, the reduction was accompanied by occurrence of gamma- and beta-phases and crosslinking. Possible explanations for transitions in phases are also discussed based on our results. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCrystallinity10aDose rate10aGamma radiation10amechanical properties10aMorphology10apolypropylene1 aAlariqi, Sameh, A. S.1 aKumar, Pratheep1 aRao, B., S. M.1 aSingh, R., P.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/effect-gamma-dose-rate-crystallinity-and-morphological-changes-gamma-sterilized-biomedical-002134nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260006800212300001400280490000700294520139500301653001501696653001801711653002401729653002201753100001401775700001701789856012201806       2009                        eng d  a0887-624X00aSolvent-induced self-assembly in cardanol-based urethane methacrylate comb polymers0 aSolventinduced selfassembly in cardanolbased urethane methacryla  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcJUN  a2996-30090 v473 a<p>We report side chain urethane-methacrylate comb polymers based on the renewable resource cardanol and its saturated analogue 3-pentadecyl phenol and their self-assembly into pores, spheres, vesicles, tubes, and so forth. The monomers were synthesized in one pot by coupling 1 equiv. of isophorone diisocyanate with 1 equiv. of cardanol/pentadecyl phenol followed by coupling with 1 equiv. of hydroxyethyl methacrylate. They were polymerized free radically using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator and were characterized by NMR and FTIR, and their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The unique polymer design had sites for self-organization via hydrogen bonding of the side chain urethane units, pi-pi stacking interactions of the aromatic units as well as interdigitation of the long C(15) alkyl side chains in the polymer. The morphologies of solvent cast polymer films were studied using microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The polymers exhibited three-dimensional honeycomb morphology in CHCl(3), whereas in tetrahydrofuran, they formed spheres. The direct cardanol-derived polymer PCIH showed a tendency for multiple morphologies such as spheres and tubes in tetrahydrofuran. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2996-3009, 2009</p>10aMorphology10apolyurethanes10aRenewable resources10aself-organization1 aRekha, N.1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/solvent-induced-self-assembly-cardanol-based-urethane-methacrylate-comb-polymers-001956nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006900125260006800194300001400262490000800276520107900284653001401363653001501377653001801392653001401410653002301424100001801447700002501465700001901490700002201509700002801531700002701559856010401586       2009                        eng d  a0021-899500aSynthesis and characterization of novel schiff base polyurethanes0 aSynthesis and characterization of novel schiff base polyurethane  a111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USAbJOHN WILEY & SONS INCcSEP  a2747-27540 v1133 a<p>Eight different types of novel polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized through the polyaddition reaction of 4,4'-(ethane-1,2-diylidenedinitrilo)diphenol and 4,4'(pentane-1,5-diylidenedinitrilo)diphenol with four different diisocyanates: 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The resulting PUs were soluble in polar, aprotic solvents. Structures of the diols and PUs were established with Ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), (1)H-NMR, and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy data. FTIR and NMR spectral data indicated the disappearance of both hydroxyl and isocyanate groups in the PUs. The thermal properties were investigated with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The weight losses, glass transitions, onset temperatures, and crystalline melting temperatures were measured. All the PUs exhibited semicrystalline and amorphous morphologies, as indicated by X-ray diffraction. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 113: 2747-2754, 2009</p>10aamorphous10aMorphology10apolyurethanes10asynthesis10aThermal properties1 aRaghu, A., V.1 aGadaginamath, G., S.1 aJeong, Han, Mo1 aMathew, Nevin, T.1 aHalligudi, Shivaraj, B.1 aAminabhavi, Tejraj, M.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-novel-schiff-base-polyurethanes-002343nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260007600225300001400301490000700315520144400322653002001766653001501786653001101801653001801812653003301830653005601863100002001919700001901939700001701958856012601975       2011                        eng d  a0887-624X00aCorrelation of architecture with excimer emission in 100% pyrene-labeled self-assembled polymers0 aCorrelation of architecture with excimer emission in 100 pyrenel  aCOMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USAbWILEY-BLACKWELLcAPR  a1678-16900 v493 a<p>Pyrene was incorporated as pendant unit to side-chain urethane methacrylate polymers having a short ethyleneoxy or a long polyethyleneoxy spacer segment. The short-spacer pyrene urethane methacrylate was also incorporated either as block or random copolymer (1:9) along with polystyrene. The excimer emission was observed to be different for different polymers with the random copolymer exhibiting the lowest efficiency. But, the total quantum yield was highest (phi = 0.58) for random copolymer due to the high emission coefficient of monomer compared to that of excimer. The polymer dynamics were compared by steady state emission and fluorescence decay in THF or THF/water (9:1) solvent mixture and films. The solid state decay profile showed decay without a rise time indicating presence of ground state aggregates. In THF/water (9:1), the decay profile at the excimer emission (500 nm) showed a rise time indicating dynamic excimers. The evolution of excimeric emission centred similar to 430 or similar to 480 nm as a function of temperature was also studied in THF/water (9:1). The I(E)/I(M) ratio for the lambda(343) nm excitation exhibited steady increase with temperature with the block copolymer PS-b-PIHP exhibiting the highest ratio and highest rate of increase; whereas, the random copolymer PS-r-PIHP had the lowest I(E)/I(M) ratios. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 1678-1690, 2011</p>10aI(E)/I(M) ratio10aMorphology10apyrene10aSelf-assembly10astructure-property relations10atime-resolved and variable temperature fluorescence1 aKaushlendra, K.1 aDeepak, V., D.1 aAsha, S., K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/correlation-architecture-excimer-emission-100-pyrene-labeled-self-assembled-polymers-002280nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172260009200241300001000333490000600343520134600349653002201695653002701717653001501744653002301759653003101782100002301813700002401836700002101860700002701881856013001908       2011                        eng d  a1936-661200aStructure-property of thermoplastic polyurethane-clay nanocomposite based on covalent and dual-modified laponite0 aStructureproperty of thermoplastic polyurethaneclay nanocomposit  a26650 THE OLD RD, STE 208, VALENCIA, CA 91381-0751 USAbAMER SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERScJAN  a65-730 v43 a<p>Modification of surface of clay platelets by ionic and covalent modification techniques renders it to be easily dispersed in polymers like, Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU). Only ionic or covalent modification techniques in isolation are not sufficient to achieve uniform nanoscale dispersion of Laponite (synthetic hectorite nanoclay) in TPU. Hence, the dual modification of Laponite (both ionic and covalent) is performed and the effects of the modification on the morphology, thermal and rheological behaviors of the TPU-modified clay nanocomposites have been studied. The degree of exfoliation of clay platelet in TPU matrix is found to be higher for dual functionalized nanoclays compared to their singly modified counterparts. Interestingly, dual modified Laponite clays prepared by using two different techniques (ionic followed by covalent and covalent followed by ionic) exhibit different morphology and properties. The dual modified clays significantly alter the equilibrium morphology of TPU. The storage modulus of the dual modified Laponite-TPU nanocomposite in the glassy region (at -60 degrees C) land in the rubbery region (+98 degrees C) is improved by 172.8% and 85%, respectively as compared to the neat TPU. Similarly, the onset of degradation is found to be enhanced by 28.7 degrees C as compared to the neat TPU.</p>10aDual modification10aLaponite Nanocomposite10aMorphology10aStructure-Property10aThermoplastic polyurethane1 aMishra, Ananta, K.1 aRajamohanan, P., R.1 aNando, Golok, B.1 aChattopadhyay, Santanu  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/structure-property-thermoplastic-polyurethane-clay-nanocomposite-based-covalent-and-dual-000654nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260000800212300000900220490000700229653003100236653003600267653001500303100001800318700002000336856011600356       2014                        eng d  a2053-273300aDecoding the morphological diversity in two dimensional crystalline porous polymers0 aDecoding the morphological diversity in two dimensional crystall  cMAY  aC5520 v7010aCovalent organic framework10aDensity functional calculations10aMorphology1 aHalder, Arjun1 aBanerjee, Rahul  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/decoding-morphological-diversity-two-dimensional-crystalline-porous-polymers01672nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260009900234300001200333490000800345520083000353653002301183653001401206653000801220653001501228653001801243653000801261100002501269700002301294856012501317       2014                        eng d  a0144-861700aFunctionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles: morphology, thermal properties, and solubility studies0 aFunctionalized celluloses and their nanoparticles morphology the  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLANDbELSEVIER SCI LTDcAPR  a135-1420 v1043 a<p>Agricultural residues derived cellulose was used to synthesize a new series of carboxy functionalized cellulosic nanoparticles (quasi-spherical shaped, 13.2-21.5% carboxyl content) and macro-sized 6-carboxycelluloses (long-fibril shaped, 1.7-22% carboxyl content). The DP (50-70) and yield (upto 46%) of nanoparticles were manipulated by controlling the reaction temperature and time. TGA/DTG thermographs of the carboxycelluloses gave thermostability data and co-related well with the residual crystalline, amorphous, and anhydroglucuronic acid content. The particle shape and size had no effect on the thermal stability. Some derivatives were fully or partially soluble in aqueous alkali and non-aqueous solvents, which can lead to increased versatility of these polymers. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10a6-Carboxycellulose10acellulose10aDTG10aMorphology10aNanoparticles10aTGA1 aSharma, Priyanka, R.1 aVarma, Anjanikumar  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/functionalized-celluloses-and-their-nanoparticles-morphology-thermal-properties-and-002242nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260010600263300001000369490000700379520108700386653002701473653001601500653002001516653001501536653001901551653002101570100002101591700002001612700002801632700002501660700002401685700002101709700002801730700002201758700002001780856012801800       2014                        eng d  a0014-305700aPolystyrene/TiO2 composite electrospun fibers as fillers for poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate): Structure, morphology and properties0 aPolystyreneTiO2 composite electrospun fibers as fillers for poly  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcJAN  a78-860 v503 a<p>In this work, composite polystyrene/titanium dioxide (PS/TiO2) electrospun fibers were used as a reinforcement for a poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) matrix. The structure, morphology, mechanical properties and degradation behavior of such materials were investigated, finding that, as a function of their TiO2 content, the fibers exerted different effects. The main mechanism through which the fibers modified the structure and morphology of the polymer matrix is by altering its crystallization kinetics. The presence of TiO2 modified the roughness of the fibers and therefore affected the interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix. The modulus of PBSA was improved, even though the brittleness of the materials was increased by the presence of the fibers. Different amounts of TiO2 within the fibers allowed to tune the hydrolytic degradation rate of the composites. This paper shows the potential of using composite electrospun fibers as effective fillers for the preparation of polymer-based composites. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aBiodegradable polymers10aDegradation10aelectrospinning10aMorphology10aNanocomposites10aPolycaprolactone1 aNeppalli, Ramesh1 aCausin, Valerio1 aBenetti, Edmondo, Maria1 aRay, Suprakas, Sinha1 aEsposito, Antonella1 aWanjale, Santosh1 aBirajdar, Mallinath, S.1 aSaiter, Jean-Marc1 aMarigo, Antonio  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/polystyrenetio2-composite-electrospun-fibers-fillers-polybutylene-succinate-co-adipate-001768nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260010600220300001000326490000700336520090900343653001401252653001501266653001701281653003001298653001901328100001701347700002501364700001901389856013001408       2014                        eng d  a0014-305700aSynthesis and characterization of hypercrosslinked hydroxyl functionalized co-polymer beads0 aSynthesis and characterization of hypercrosslinked hydroxyl func  aTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLANDbPERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTDcOCT  a46-580 v593 a<p>Hydroxyl functionalized beaded copolymers were synthesized from 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate by suspension polymerization using two different crosslinking agents (EDMA, DVB) and diluents (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,2-dichlorobenzene). Microporous beads with high surface area were successfully synthesized and characterized by different techniques. Maximum surface area obtained was 564 m(2)/g bearing uniform, spherical as well as non-aggregation images of beads. Thermal properties such as DTG and DSC reveal that, type of crosslinker (flexible/rigid) is major while its concentration is minor parameter that affect decomposition and softening temperature of copolymer. Swelling ratio of copolymer beads was examined as a function of crosslinker and crosslink density. Swelling behavior is in accordance with copolymer-solvent interaction parameter. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>10aCopolymer10aMorphology10asurface area10aSuspension polymerization10aSwelling ratio1 aMane, Sachin1 aPonrathnam, Surendra1 aChavan, Nayaku  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/synthesis-and-characterization-hypercrosslinked-hydroxyl-functionalized-co-polymer-beads-002133nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260007300201300001200274490000700286520130200293653001201595653001901607653001501626653001501641653001801656653001501674100002101689700002101710700001801731700001901749856011101768       2015                        eng d  a1350-417700aContinuous precipitation of calcium carbonate using sonochemical reactor0 aContinuous precipitation of calcium carbonate using sonochemical  aPO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDSbELSEVIER SCIENCE BVcMAY  a132-1390 v243 a<p>The continuous production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by precipitation method at room temperature was carried out in a stirred reactor under ultrasonic environment and was compared with the conventional stirring method. The effect of various operating parameters such as Ca(OH)(2) slurry concentration, CO2 flow rate and Ca(OH)(2) slurry flow rate on the particle size of CaCO3 was investigated. The calcium carbonate particles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and particle size. The morphology was studied by using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images. The particle size obtained in the presence of ultrasonic environment was found to be smaller as compared to conventional stirring method. The particle size is found to be reduced with an increase in the concentrations of Ca(OH)(2) and increased with increasing CO2 flow rate for both the methods. The slurry flow rate had a major effect on the particle size and the particle size decreased with increased slurry flow rate. Only calcite phase of CaCO3 was predominantly present as confirmed by the characterization techniques for both the preparation methods. In most of the cases rhombohedral calcite particles were observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>10aCalcite10aCrystal growth10aMorphology10aNucleation10aParticle size10aUltrasound1 aShirsath, S., R.1 aSonawane, S., H.1 aSaini, D., R.1 aPandit, A., B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/continuous-precipitation-calcium-carbonate-using-sonochemical-reactor-002767nas a2200277   4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260000800192490000800200520188500208653000902093653004202102653002102144653001402165653001502179653001502194653001302209653004702222653001002269100002102279700001702300700002202317700001902339700001902358856011202377       2017                        eng d00aThermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters derived from 2-chloro hydroquinone0 aThermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters derived from 2chloro   cSEP0 v1293 a<p><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">Synthesis of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters derived from bis[4-hydroxy benzoyloxy]-2-chloro-1,4-benzene (BHBOCB) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides by interfacial polycondensation methodology is presented. Synthesised polyesters consist of bis[4-hydroxy benzoyloxy]-2-chloro-1,4-benzene as a mesogen and aliphatic diacid chloride as flexible spacer. The length of oligomethylene units in the polymer was varied from the trimethylene to the dodecamethylene groups. Synthesized polyesters were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. The transition temperatures and thermodynamic properties were studied for all these polymers. These polyesters exhibited thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior and showed nematic texture except decamethylene spacer. Decamethylene spacer based polyester showed marble texture of smectic C. Mesophase stability of these polyesters was higher than (except first heating cycle of PE-1).&nbsp;</span><br style="margin: 0px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><br style="margin: 0px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">SYNOPSIS The present study deals with the synthesis of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters derived from bis[4-hydroxy benzoyloxy]-2-chloro-1,4-benzene (BHBOCB) and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides by interfacial polycondensation methodology.</span></p>10aacid10aAliphatic Flexible Spacers Main-chain10aAromatic Mesogen10aElastomer10aMorphology10aPolydomain10aPolymers10aThermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polyesters10aUnits1 aManurkar, Nagesh1 aMore, Sayaji1 aMulani, Khudbudin1 aGanjave, Nitin1 aChavan, Nayaku  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/thermotropic-liquid-crystalline-polyesters-derived-2-chloro-hydroquinone02021nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260000800213300001200221490000700233520126300240653001401503653001501517653001801532653001301550100001701563700001701580700001501597700003101612700002101643856011501664       2019                        eng d  a1751-616100aInfluence of nanocellulose on mechanics and morphology of polyvinyl alcohol xerogels0 aInfluence of nanocellulose on mechanics and morphology of polyvi  cFEB  a275-2830 v903 a<p>Xerogels are porous networks of crosslinked polymers that are useful for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, scaffold engineering, tissue regeneration, cell culture and wound dressing. However, inferior mechanical properties curtail their applications to a considerable extent. Nanocellulose fibers and crystals are often added into the polymer matrix to improve their mechanical strength. Here, nanocellulose in the mass ratios of 7%, 13% and 18% are loaded into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix followed by thermo-morpho-mechanical characterization. With increase in nanocellulose content, thermal degradation occurs at a lower temperature. It is observed that addition of higher quantity of nanocellulose crystals leads to the formation of weak cellulose rich regions causing xerogel rupture. This is predominantly observed for xerogel loaded with 18% nanocellulose crystals. Similarly, addition of higher quantity of nanocellulose fibers increase brittleness of the xerogels causing fracture. This is predominantly observed for xerogel loaded with 18% nanocellulose fibers. Creep strain and stress relaxation is observed to decrease with addition of nanocellulose loading owing to molecular chain restriction and polymer chain immobility.</p>10aMechanics10aMorphology10aNanocellulose10aXerogels1 aPramanik, R.1 aGanivada, B.1 aRam, Farsa1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aArockiarajan, A.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/influence-nanocellulose-mechanics-and-morphology-polyvinyl-alcohol-xerogels02417nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245009500055210006900150260000800219300001400227490000700241520151000248653002301758653001501781653001801796653001701814653002301831100001701854700001701871700001901888700001801907700001901925700001901944700002201963700002001985856012202005       2019                        eng d  a1433-785100aPorosity switching in polymorphic porous organic cages with exceptional chemical stability0 aPorosity switching in polymorphic porous organic cages with exce  cMAR  a4243-42470 v583 a<p>Porous solids that can be switched between different forms with distinct physical properties are appealing candidates for separation, catalysis, and host-guest chemistry. In this regard, porous organic cages (POCs) are of profound interest because of their solution-state accessibility. However, the application of POCs is limited by poor chemical stability. Synthesis of an exceptionally stable imine-linked (4+6) porous organic cage (TpOMe-CDA) is reported using 2,4,6-trimethoxy-1,3,5-triformyl benzene (TpOMe) as a precursor aldehyde. Introduction of the -OMe functional group to the aldehyde creates significant steric and hydrophobic characteristics in the environment around the imine bonds that protects the cage molecules from hydrolysis in the presence of acids or bases. The electronic effect of the -OMe group also plays an important role in enhancing the stability of the reported POCs. As a consequence, TpOMe-CDA reveals exceptional chemical stability in neutral, acidic and basic conditions, even in 12m NaOH. Interestingly, TpOMe-CDA exists in three different porous and non-porous polymorphic forms (, , and ) with respect to differences in crystallographic packing and the orientation of the flexible methoxy groups. All of the polymorphs retain their crystallinity even after treatment with acids and bases. All the polymorphs of TpOMe-CDA differ significantly in their properties as well as morphology and could be reversibly switched in the presence of an external stimulus.</p>
10achemical stability10aMorphology10aorganic cages10apolymorphism10aporosity switching1 aBera, Saibal1 aDey, Kaushik1 aPal, Tapan, K.1 aHalder, Arjun1 aTothadi, Srinu1 aKarak, Suvendu1 aAddicoat, Matthew1 aBanerjee, Rahul  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/porosity-switching-polymorphic-porous-organic-cages-exceptional-chemical-stability02476nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245012400055210006900179260000800248300001100256490000800267520158800275653001101863653002001874653001401894653001501908653001801923653000901941100001501950700001601965700001701981700002201998700003102020700002102051856012602072       2020                        eng d  a0925-838800aPVDF/BaTiO3 films with nanocellulose impregnation: investigation of structural, morphological and mechanical properties0 aPVDFBaTiO3 films with nanocellulose impregnation investigation o  cMAY  a1537010 v8233 a<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films have witnessed widespread applications in biomedical and flexible electronic devices in recent years. These applications require a material that has enhanced electrical properties, mechanical flexibility along with sufficient strength. A lot of research has been carried out to enhance the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the PVDF composite films. However, the improvements in the mechanical properties of nano filler reinforced PVDF composite films has not received due attention. In this regard, the present work focuses towards enhancing the mechanical strength and load-bearing capability of PVDF, by preparing composites of PVDF films impregnated with Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) and Barium Titanate (BTO) nanoparticles. Solution casting method was adapted to fabricate the PVDF/BTO/CNC films. X-ray diffractograms and FTIR (Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy) corroborate the presence of ferroelectric gamma phase in PVDF. Mechanical and viscoelastic measurements have been carried out to examine the influence of CNC and BTO nano fillers in the PVDF matrix. The addition of CNC and BTO in PVDF film has improved the mechanical strength significantly. The stress achieved for PVDF/5% BTO and PVDF/5% BTO with 0.9% of CNC at 5% strain was 17% and 130% higher than the pristine PVDF, respectively. This study can be helpful for the design engineers to meet custom/specific requirements for a myriad of end- user applications such as piezoelectric nanogenerators. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p>
10aBaTiO310aComposite films10aMechanics10aMorphology10aNanocellulose10aPVDF1 aRam, Farsa1 aKaviraj, P.1 aPramanik, R.1 aKrishnan, Amrutha1 aShanmuganathan, Kadhiravan1 aArockiarajan, A.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/pvdfbatio3-films-nanocellulose-impregnation-investigation-structural-morphological-and02303nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260000900232300001100241490000800252520135200260653002601612653002401638653001501662653001601677653002301693100002301716700002601739700002001765700002801785700002201813700002301835700000501858700002101863856012901884       2021                        eng d  a0169-433200aArchitecture of NaFe(MoO4)2 as a novel anode material for rechargeable lithium and sodium ion batteries0 aArchitecture of NaFeMoO42 as a novel anode material for recharge  cSEP   a1499030 v5593 a<p>In recent decades, particular focus has been given to enhance the capacity of LIBs and SIBs either by developing new materials or by modifying existing materials. Hence, we have demonstrated a new anode material i.e. sodium iron molybdate [NaFe(MoO4)2] for both LIBs and SIBs. NaFe(MoO4)2 has been successfully synthesized by solid-state combustion technique and tested as a promising new anode material for both LIBs and SIBs. A detailed analysis of the crystal structure has been performed using DFT calculations. NaFe(MoO4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic phase with the space group C2/c (\#15). FESEM also shows highly crystalline monoclinic shaped crystals of micron size. When evaluated as an anode material for LIBs, NaFe(MoO4)2 electrode exhibited electrochemical capacity of 920 mAhg- 1 in the second cycle at the current density of 50 mAg-1. Though capacity decreases on further cycling, the coulombic efficiency was maintained at 99% for 50 cycles. Significantly, a high discharge capacity of 100 mAhg- 1 was maintained at a very high rate of 1 Ag-1. On the other hand, we have also tested NaFe(MoO4)2 for SIBs which shows excellent reversible specific capacity i.e. 100 mAhg- 1 at the current density of 100 mAg-1 even after 500 cycles. This novel system has shown good stability for LIBs and SIBs which is hitherto unattempted.</p>10aElectrochemical study10alithium-ion battery10aMorphology10aNaFe(MoO4)210aSodium-ion battery1 aTamboli, Asiya, M.1 aTamboli, Mohaseen, S.1 aPraveen, C., S.1 aDwivedi, Pravin, Kumari1 aKarbhal, Indrapal1 aGosavi, Suresh, W.1 a1 aKale, Bharat, B.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/architecture-nafemoo42-novel-anode-material-rechargeable-lithium-and-sodium-ion-batteries01825nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260000800215300000900223490000700232520104100239653002001280653002001300653001501320653003001335653001801365100002301383700002601406700001901432700001601451856012801467       2023                        eng d00aOrigin of optoelectronic contradictions in 3,4-cycloalkyl[c]-chalcogenophenes: a computational study0 aOrigin of optoelectronic contradictions in 34cycloalkylcchalcoge  cNOV  a42400 v153 a<p>
	The planar morphology of the backbone significantly contributes to the subtle optoelectronic features of pi-conjugated polymers. On the other hand, the atomistic tuning of an otherwise identical pi-backbone could also impact optoelectronic properties systematically. In this manuscript, we compare a series of 3,4-cycloalkylchalcogenophenes by tuning them atomistically using group-16 elements. Additionally, the effect of systematically extending these building blocks in the form of oligomers and polymers is studied. The size of the 3,4-substitution affected the morphology of the oligomers. In addition, the heteroatoms contributed to a further alteration in their geometry and resultant optoelectronic properties. The chalcogenophenes, containing smaller 3,4-cycloalkanes, resulted in lower bandgap oligomers or polymers compared to those with larger 3,4-cycloalkanes. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) calculations were performed to understand the disparity alongside the contour maps of frontier molecular orbitals (FMO).</p>
10achalcogenophene10aDFT calculation10aMorphology10aoptoelectronic properties10asteric effect1 aMasilamani, Ganesh1 aKrishna, Gamidi, Rama1 aDebnath, Sashi1 aBedi, Anjan  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/origin-optoelectronic-contradictions-34-cycloalkylc-chalcogenophenes-computational-study01687nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001400041245014600055210006900201260000800270300001200278490000700290520080300297653001901100653001501119653002401134653001601158653002501174653002801199100001801227700002701245700001601272700002601288856011901314       2023                        eng d  a2159-685900aUnleashing methylammonium-guanidinium lead iodide hybrid perovskite spherulitic microstructures: a structural and morphological investigation0 aUnleashing methylammoniumguanidinium lead iodide hybrid perovski  cJUN  a406-4150 v133 a<p>
	Perovskites can offer an attractive replacement option for existing commercial solar technologies. Herein microstructure plays an important role in improving the efficiency and stability of solar cells. Previously unidentified spherulitic microstructures of self-assembled polycrystalline perovskites are explored in this report. For this an intermediate phase of a promising guanidinium (GUAI)-rich perovskite has been investigated for its structural and morphological properties. This study infuses new insight into the evolution of perovskite microstructure from heterogeneity to homogeneity, as a result unravels the structure of perovskite embryonic spherulites, lamellar arrangements, transcrystalline nature, novel spherulites bridging, hole nucleation, impingement, and defects.</p>
10aMicrostructure10aMorphology10aNucleation & growth10aPerovskites10aPhase transformation10aX-ray diffraction (XRD)1 aMukul, Monika1 aKaliaperumal, Selvaraj1 aRani, Mamta1 aTripathi, Surya, Kant  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/unleashing-methylammonium-guanidinium-lead-iodide-hybrid-perovskite-spherulitic