03006nas a2200301   4500008004100000245016400041210006900205260000900274300000800283490000700291520195400298653001502252653001202267653001402279653002902293653001402322653002302336100002702359700002302386700003102409700002802440700003002468700001802498700001902516700001802535700002602553856012502579       2020                        eng d00aPenicillium janthinellum NCIM1366 shows improved biomass hydrolysis and a larger number of CAZymes with higher induction levels over Trichoderma reesei RUT-C300 aPenicillium janthinellum NCIM1366 shows improved biomass hydroly  cDEC   a1960 v133 a<p>Background Major cost of bioethanol is attributed to enzymes employed in biomass hydrolysis. Biomass hydrolyzing enzymes are predominantly produced from the hyper-cellulolytic mutant filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30. Several decades of research have failed to provide an industrial grade organism other than T. reesei, capable of producing higher titers of an effective synergistic biomass hydrolyzing enzyme cocktail. Penicillium janthinellum NCIM1366 was reported as a cellulase hyper producer and a potential alternative to T. reesei, but a comparison of their hydrolytic performance was seldom attempted. Results Hydrolysis of acid or alkali-pretreated rice straw using cellulase enzyme preparations from P. janthinellum and T. reesei indicated 37 and 43% higher glucose release, respectively, with P. janthinellum enzymes. A comparison of these fungi with respect to their secreted enzymes indicated that the crude enzyme preparation from P. janthinellum showed 28% higher overall cellulase activity. It also had an exceptional tenfold higher beta-glucosidase activity compared to that of T. reesei, leading to a lower cellobiose accumulation and thus alleviating the feedback inhibition. P. janthinellum secreted more number of proteins to the extracellular medium whose total concentration was 1.8-fold higher than T. reesei. Secretome analyses of the two fungi revealed higher number of CAZymes and a higher relative abundance of cellulases upon cellulose induction in the fungus. Conclusions The results revealed the ability of P. janthinellum for efficient biomass degradation through hyper cellulase production, and it outperformed the established industrial cellulase producer T. reesei in the hydrolysis experiments. A higher level of induction, larger number of secreted CAZymes and a high relative proportion of BGL to cellulases indicate the possible reasons for its performance advantage in biomass hydrolysis.</p>
10aBioethanol10aCAZymes10aCellulase10aPenicillium janthinellum10aSecretome10aTrichoderma reesei1 aSreeja-Raju, Athiraraj1 aChristopher, Meera1 aKooloth-Valappil, Prajeesh1 aKuni-Parambil, Rajasree1 aGokhale, Digambar, Vittal1 aSankar, Meena1 aAbraham, Amith1 aPandey, Ashok1 aSukumaran, Rajeev, K.  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/penicillium-janthinellum-ncim1366-shows-improved-biomass-hydrolysis-and-larger-number02298nas a2200265   4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260000800244300000800252490000700260520143500267653001201702653002401714653002001738653001701758653001701775100001801792700001901810700002301829700001901852700002201871700001901893856012001912       2022                        eng d  a2190-572X00aMetagenomic mining of Indian river confluence reveal functional microbial community with lignocelluloytic potential0 aMetagenomic mining of Indian river confluence reveal functional   cJUN  a1320 v123 a<p>
	Microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) can be harnessed for valorization of Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to value-added chemicals/products. The two Indian Rivers Ganges and the Yamuna having different origins and flow, face accumulation of carbon-rich substrates due to the discharge of wastewater from adjoining paper and pulp industries, which could potentially contribute to the natural enrichment of LCB utilizing genes, especially at their confluence. We analyzed CAZyme diversity in metagenomic datasets across the sacred confluence of the Rivers Ganges and Yamuna. Functional annotation using CAZyme database identified a total of 77,815 putative genes with functional domains involved in the catalysis of carbohydrate degradation or synthesis of glycosidic bonds. The metagenomic analysis detected similar to 41% CAZymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass polymers- cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. The Beta diversity analysis suggested higher CAZyme diversity at downstream region of the river confluence, which could be useful niche for culture-based studies. Taxonomic origin for CAZymes revealed the predominance of bacteria (97%), followed by archaea (1.67%), Eukaryota (0.63%), and viruses (0.7%). Metagenome guided CAZyme diversity of the microflora spanning across the confluence of Ganges-Yamuna River, could be harnessed for biomass and bioenergy applications.</p>
10aCAZymes10aConfluence (Sangam)10aLignocellulosic10aRiver Ganges10aRiver Yamuna1 aRajput, Vinay1 aSamson, Rachel1 aYadav, Rakeshkumar1 aDastager, Syed1 aKhairnar, Krishna1 aDharne, Mahesh  uhttps://library.ncl.res.in/content/metagenomic-mining-indian-river-confluence-reveal-functional-microbial-community